Zizania, also known as wild rice shoots, wild rice, its biological characteristics are more than 30 degrees Celsius temperature will no longer pregnant wild rice, market shortages, prices rose. This double-season wild rice varieties, extremely resistant to high temperatures, without the need for alpine climate, no need to take special cultivation technology measures, every year in November to the next year in April planting can be in the solar calendar April-June market, 6-August planting can be in the solar calendar October market, the end of 15 days. After the end of this variety, conventional wild rice (spring bamboo shoots) starts to be marketed only after June. Conventional summer wild rice goes on sale in August-September, while our variety goes on sale in October. This double-season wild rice variety is an excellent opportunity for the wild rice planting industry.
Third, quality characteristics (a) nutrients and food value of wild rice generally contains protein 1.4%, fat 0.3%, sugar 3.5%, crude fiber 1.1%, and a lot of water and inorganic salts. Due to wild rice in the unaged before, organic nitrogen is to the amino acid state, so wild rice is full of fine texture, taste fresh and delicious, is a high nutritional value of vegetables. Northern diamond white or double-season wild rice varieties harvested in the fall, to adjust the drip off-season vegetables have a certain role. Zizania in Jinan has a variety of edible methods, many of which are included in the Lu cuisine menu, become a famous dish on the banquet. A variety of choice in the southern region of cultivation of double-season wild rice should choose to harvest early, high yield, strong resistance, heat resistance, products in line with market demand for varieties. Second, the seed plant selection of wild rice is to use the method of propagation, the seed plant is good or bad directly affects the water bamboo rate, yield and quality. Due to the black powder fungus invasion of time, quantity and cultivation management level differences, often caused by degeneration of caste, resulting in the emergence of male wild rice, gray wild rice, so every year should be strictly selected seed plants. Excellent mother plant selection requirements: the plant shape neat, pregnant water bamboo early, knot water bamboo more, water bamboo meat fat, water bamboo shape; knot water bamboo parts of low, and maturity consistent; no male water bamboo, gray water bamboo, no shell green, deformed water bamboo dun stay seed. Each year, double-season wild rice seedlings should be strictly selected three times; the first: selected in the year planted wild rice summer wild rice harvest, according to the selection criteria to choose a good single plant to do the seed and make a good mark; the second: in the spring wild rice harvest on the first selection of the seed plants for re-election, remove does not meet the standards of wild rice plants; the third: combined with the winter wild rice field management in a timely manner digging out the male plants, stray plants, gray plants and shells in the green, deformed wild rice, such as wild rice dunnage. General planting 1 acre field needs 250 seed pier or so. Third, wild rice field selection of southern areas of cultivation of double-season wild rice wild rice early and late with the soil, water depth, water temperature control and so on. Generally high altitude water should be lower than the altitude of the early wild rice, windy mountain back field than the wind of the low-lying field early wild rice, shallow soil (preferably 20 - 27 centimeters) than the soil depth of the field early wild rice. Therefore, the southern region planting wild rice should strive to choose sufficient water, convenient drainage and irrigation, ventilation, shallow soil layer of water planting. Four, plowing wild rice field, applying sufficient fertilizer. Rice field planting is generally timely plowing after the rice harvest, the old wild rice field is generally timely plowing after the end of the autumn wild rice harvest, fully sun field, build a good ridge to ensure that the field can be irrigated 15-20 cm. When the whole field per mu of rotting pig, cow dung 100 quan or chicken manure 1000 kg, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer as fertilizer, and harrowing, irrigation 2-3 cm, to achieve the field flat, mud rotten, fertilizer. Fifth, timely planting time: southern areas of double-season wild rice is generally planted before the end of November-April or June-August planting but can only be harvested autumn wild rice, the latest at the end of April or the end of August before the planting is completed. Methods: leave 10 cm before planting, cut off the ground withered leaves of the selected good seed pier, dig out the seed pier, split the robust old stem seedlings, to an old stem with roots for a seedling. Planting density wide rows of 1 meter, narrow rows of 0.8 meters, spacing 0.6 meters, about 1400 dun per mu. Planting depth to the white part of the old stem into the mud is appropriate (that is, the original depth). Six, field management (a) the management of newly planted wild rice field 1, irrigation: wild rice in the entire growth period can not be cut off, the water level should be adjusted with the different stages of fertility.
(1): water bamboo planted in the field to maintain 2-4 cm of shallow water over winter, the spring wild rice seedlings began to grow, the water level should be shallow, kept at 2 - 3 cm or so, in order to facilitate the ground temperature, promote sprouting, and later with the growth of the plant, the water level gradually deepened,
(2): 50 days before and after the planting of wild rice tiller depending on the situation for A baked field (baked field to see the degree of chicken feet cracked) after irrigation 10-15 cm deep water to control the ineffective tiller.
(3): The water level can be controlled at 20 cm during the period of water bamboo, but not more than the eye of water bamboo, to prevent the Caretaker tube from pulling up. mid-March after the temperature gradually rise, water bamboo field should be diligent water change, preferably live water irrigation, conducive to the spring of water bamboo fertilization.
(4): After the harvest of spring wild rice, the water level drops to about 6 cm; after the harvest of autumn wild rice water level drops to 3-4 cm. During the dormant period, keep 2-4 centimeters of shallow water to overwinter.
(5): put shallow field water before each fertilizer, to fertilize the field and field water fall dry before flooding. 2, fertilizer: the southern region of double-season wild rice fertilizer should be early rather than late, in order to promote early seedling hair, early pregnancy wild rice. Combined with the water layer management, to promote the early effective tiller, control the late ineffective tiller, promote wild rice, improve yield and quality. Zizania long growing period, the plant is tall, the amount of fertilizer is also large, in addition to the application of sufficient base fertilizer, must be timely fertilizer. (1) Newly planted wild rice fields such as planting without basal fertilizer, should be applied within 15 days of basal fertilizer.
(2) old stems sprouting mu chase ammonium carbon 30 kg or urea 10 kg.
(3) about 30 days after planting (early tillering) mu 30-50 kg of 45% compound fertilizer.
(4) spring wild rice harvest process, according to the growth of wild rice seedlings appropriate amount of fertilizer.
(5) spring wild rice harvest can be applied after the mu of 45% compound fertilizer 20-30 kg, in order to facilitate the growth of autumn wild rice. 3, weed: wild rice cultivation can be in the wild rice plant rows with a rake or manually hand-turning the soil to achieve plowing, loosening the soil, the purpose of weeding, and can increase the temperature of the soil to accelerate the decomposition of fertilizers. Generally 2-3 times, the first time in the plant began to green, and then every 15 days for a. 4, remove male wild rice, gray wild rice: male wild rice and gray wild rice can not be water bamboo, should be removed at any time. Remove the empty space, can be used to tiller more normal water bamboo pier on the seedling fill. 5, peeling dead leaves, pull yellow leaves: peeling dead leaves, pull yellow leaves to remove the old leaves, improve the ventilation and light conditions between the plants. Generally in the spring wild rice harvest late start, according to plant growth, the old leaves stripped clear pull light, the requirement is to pull clear not pull injury, pull down the yellow leaves stepped into the field as a fertilizer. 6, thinning seedling replenishment: southern regions planted in the double-season wild rice tiller per pier up to 15 or more, it should be thinned, set aside too dense small tiller, each pier to stay effective tiller 15-20 or so, thinning seedlings after wild rice pier in the middle of a piece of mud to make the plant evenly distributed, ventilation and light. The plants are evenly distributed and ventilated. (ii) old wild rice field management. The old wild rice field winter above ground withered should be removed before December withered leaves, stay 10 cm old stem cut off the ground residual plants, digging out male plants, gray plants, stray plants and shells in the green, deformed wild rice and other wild rice duns, from the good wild rice duns dug seedling replanting, shallow water overwintering, and the application of organic fertilizers, can be acres of sprinkled with chicken. Cow dung 1000 kg or pig pen manure 10 quintals, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, the fertilization should be completed in January at the latest. early February wild rice dun budding mu of ammonium carbonate 30 kg or urea 10 kg, in mid-March mu of 45% compound fertilizer 30-50 kg. When thinning seedlings, each pier to stay about 20 roots. Water level and other management with newly planted wild rice fields. Seven, pest control in the south of high-temperature resistant wild rice pests and diseases are mainly Huperzia leaf spot, rust, ticks, stem borers and so on. (A), Huperzia leaf spot disease fungal disease: (Semiobacteria subphylum). In wild rice throughout the growing period can occur. 1, symptoms: early: yellow-brown dots on the leaves, gradually expanding into oval sesame-sized brown spots, (often with a yellow halo around the spot); later: the edge of the spot is brown, the middle of the yellow-brown or grayish white. Severe spots into irregular spots, humidity when the surface of the dark gray to black mold. Affected leaves from the tip of the leaf down to dry, later often caused by the leaves half dead to all dead, resulting in a reduction in yield. 2, the process of infection: mycelium and conidia in wild rice residual leaves overwintering, with the airflow or rain spread. 3, environmental factors: soil acidic, potassium and zinc deficiencies, long-term irrigation of deep water and lack of oxygen, sloppy management or the growth of the field of the weakening of the onset of disease heavy. High temperature and humid weather, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer futile, poor field ventilation and light penetration, disease aggravation.4, prevention and control methods:
① Combined with the pre-winter stubble cutting, collection of diseased residual old leaves centralized burned to reduce the source of bacteria.
②Strengthen fertilizer management, winter fertilizer, spring fertilizer, spray foliar fertilizer at the right time, pay special attention to the supplemental phosphorus fertilizer, potash and zinc fertilizer, to enhance the wild rice plant disease resistance.
③Pharmaceutical control: before May and the early stages of the disease with 50% pohypnol suspension 600 times, or 50% more - sulfur wettable powder 500-600 times, or 20% tricyclazole 500 times spray, every 7-10 days 1 time, alternating medication, continuous prevention and treatment 2-3 times. Use with caution during pregnancy. (B), rust disease fungal disease (tanya subphylum), harming leaves and leaf sheaths. 1, symptoms: during the onset of the leaf blade of the adaxial and abaxial surface will appear yellow-brown elevated sporocarp, small sporocarp rupture, dispersal of rust-colored powder. The spots are scattered and irregularly arranged. Seriously cause leaf death or make the plant growth dwarf. 2, the infection process: to mycelium and spores in the disease plant residue overwintering, spread by airflow, high temperature and humidity, favoring nitrogen fertilizer, conducive to the onset of the disease. (Timely play old yellow leaves) 3, control methods:
①Remove the disease residual plants and field weeds.
②Increase the application of phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer.
3 ③ high temperature season appropriate irrigation, reduce the water temperature and soil temperature, control the disease.
④Pharmaceutical control: in May (prevention), the onset of the early stage of the disease, respectively, with 15% triadimefon wettable powder 800 to 1000 times, or 50% multi - sulfur wettable powder 500 times, or 67% dichlorvos sodium wettable powder 200 times, sprayed every 7-10 days, alternating medication, continuous prevention and control 2-3 times. Use caution during pregnancy. (C), lice control methods:
①Winter clear wild rice residue, reduce the overwintering egg base.
②Timely stripping of dead leaves, pulling yellow leaves to increase field ventilation and light penetration, the formation of an environment unfavorable to the survival of adult insects.
③Pharmaceutical control: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times liquid, or 90% DuPont Wanling wettable powder 3000-4000 times liquid spray control. (D) stem borer control methods:
①Low overwintering insect population base, pre-winter cut dun clear wild rice disease residues, spring eradication of field edge, ditch side weeds, eliminate overwintering larvae.
②Pharmaceutical control: mastered in the ant borer hatching period, the use of 5% Ruijinte gel suspension 1000 times, or 50% fenitrothion emulsion 1000 times spray control. (E) wild rice powdery mildew Symptoms and characteristics of the main attack on the underground stem of the plant (wild rice shoots). Diseased wild rice plant growth is weakened, the leaves become wide, leaf color dark green, leaf sheath black. Digging and checking the underground stems (wild rice shoots), found that the underground stems become shorter, part of the inspection of wild rice meat, found that the wild rice meat was blackened in short strips (the immature spore pile of the pathogen) or scattered black powder (the mature spore pile of the pathogen). Pathogen and pathogenic characteristics of the pathogen for the aspergillus subphylum, black powder fungus order wild rice black powder fungus [UstilagoesculentaHenn.]. Pathogen to mycelium latent in the underground stems, when the new shoots sprout, mycelium that is from the mother stem invasion buds, and with the buds growing point synchronization upward development. Pathogen metabolism produces a hormone substance called indoleacetic acid, stimulating the base of the young stem of wild rice to expand for the fusiform, the pathogen in the expansion of underground stems (wild rice shoots) spread longitudinally and horizontally within the tissue, from the nutrient growth stage to the reproductive growth stage will be the formation of winter spore stacks, at this time, the young stem of wild rice has a lot of short black striped spots. Winter spore pile development maturity that disperses a lot of black powder (winter spore mass). The affected stems cannot produce flower spikes. If the plant has too many tillers, or insufficient fertility, or improper irrigation, the disease tends to be heavier. Differences in disease resistance between varieties are yet to be investigated. In recent years, the domestic promotion of 16 varieties of wild rice, Wuhan Vegetable Branch cultivated 8602 and 8937 two varieties with strong resistance and adaptability, but whether resistance to powdery mildew is to be further observed around to determine. Prevention and control methods (1) Selected wild rice seeds without bacteria. (2) Strengthen management. Spring to cut the old pier, pressure wild rice pier, reduce the plant tiller pitch; in the old pier sprouting sparse dense tillers, promote sprouting neat; management of the water layer, tillers before the appropriate shallow irrigation, the appropriate mid-term exposure to the field, the high temperature period is suitable for deep irrigation to inhibit the late tiller; reasonable fertilization, in the application of sufficient fertilizer on the basis of the first timely fertilizer, promote tiller growth, high temperature period is suitable for control of fertilizer to inhibit the late tiller, the summer and autumn seasons in a timely manner to remove the yellow leaves, to improve the permeability of the plant. The yellow leaves are removed in time during the summer and fall season to improve the permeability between the plants. (F) water bamboo soft rot disease symptoms and characteristics of water bamboo soft rot disease mainly occurs in the post-harvest transportation, sales and storage period of water bamboo shoots. Diseased wild rice shoots at the beginning of nearly round to indeterminate nearly translucent watery spots, after the rapid expansion of spots, the affected part of the tissue soft rot, smell a foul odor, eventually lead to wild rice shoots part or most of the tissue rot, can not be eaten. The affected part of the disease is generally not obvious, and there is a sticky feeling when touched. Pathogen and pathogenic characteristics of the pathogen for bacteria, carrot soft rot Eucheuma rod-shaped bacteria carrot pathogenic type [Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones) Bergey et a1.], with the cabbage and other soft rot disease of the same pathogen. The pathogenic bacteria have a wide range of hosts, and in addition to cruciferous vegetables, they also infect vegetables in the Solanaceae, Liliaceae, Umbelliferae, Asteraceae and Gramineae families. Bacteria to bacterial body in the field disease plants, cellar seed plants in the overwintering, or with the disease residues left in the soil or soil fertilizer and even pests overwintering, with the help of rain, irrigation water, fertilizer with bacteria and insects and other dissemination, invasion of disease from the host wound. Zizania bamboo shoots in the transportation and sales process, mainly through the disease and healthy tissue contact between the mutual infection. I first accidentally from the market stall sales of wild rice shoots in the discovery of this disease. At that time, the cabbage sold in the stall also had a small number of soft rot strains, and it is believed that the source of the bacteria is from the cabbage infected with soft rot in the stall. I have brought the diseased wild rice shoots indoors, with the onset of healthy wild rice shoots or onset of wild rice shoots and cabbage leaves and petioles in contact, moisturized for a period of time (about 24 hours), the results of the healthy wild rice shoots and healthy cabbage leaves are onset of the disease. This shows that wild rice shoots in the sales process is caused by contact infection. Prevention and control methods wild rice shoots are harvested wild rice plants for food products, for short-term storage or marketing around the region, wild rice products often retain the leaf sheaths of wild rice meat, so that wild rice meat can be preserved for 5 to 7 days without turning brown. And when this wild rice products into the wholesale market and then distributed to the vegetable stall operators, and then remove the leaf sheaths, revealing wild rice meat (i.e., wild rice shoots, can only be preserved for l ~ 2 days), the local supply market. In view of the soft rot disease of wild rice mainly occurs in this link, so the prevention and control of this disease, should grasp the following points: (1) in the stripping of leaf sheaths, revealing wild rice meat, pay attention to the removal of suspected wild rice shoots, and dealt with separately, to avoid contact with the infection. (2) pay attention to the water bamboo shoots and small cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables with stacking sales, in order to prevent or reduce the soft rot contact infection. If you find individual or a small number of cabbage vegetables infected with soft rot, it should be handled properly and thoroughly in a timely manner to avoid the spread of the disease, incurring greater losses. (3) According to the Wuxi area experience, the base of wild rice in alum powder dipped, or immersed in l% ~ 2% alum water for a while, at room temperature can extend the storage time of wild rice products (about l0 days). Accordingly, I suggest, in wild rice soft rot disease often occurs in the region or vegetable stalls can try to add l2% agro-streptomycin sulfate soluble powder in alum liquid (4000 ~ 5000 times liquid), can reduce contact infection, inhibit the spread of soft rot disease. Similarly, such as cabbage vegetables often have soft rot, can also try streptomycin sulfate (concentration as above) for treatment. (G) Zizania plague symptoms and characteristics Zizania plague, also known as Zizania gray heart disease, mainly affects the leaves. Leaf spots are divided into acute, chronic and brown spots of three types. Acute type spot dot-shaped, dark green, spot back gray-green mold signs (conidia and conidia) is more obvious, its appearance is the precursor of the epidemic of wild rice plague. Chronic type spot nearly shuttle-shaped, like a bull's eye, peripheral reddish-brown, central gray-white, often have a long or short necrotic line at both ends of the spot, the signs of this disease by the transformation of acute-type spots, and its emergence signals the field condition from the acute to moderate, the back of the spot signs of disease is not obvious. Brown spot type spots manifested as brown dots, similar to the wild rice beard spot, but no yellow halo outside the spot, and mostly in the older leaves, occurring in hot and dry weather conditions, uncommon. Pathogen and pathogenesis characteristics of the pathogen for the semi-native subphylum of Zizania pyriformis [Pyriculariazizaniae Hara]. Pathogen to mycelium and conidiophore in the old plant or disease residue on the overwintering, with conidia as the primary invasion and re-infestation inoculum, with the help of wind and rain spread, from the epidermis through the invasion of disease. High temperature and high humidity weather, especially rainy, sunshine is conducive to the occurrence of this disease. Preferential application of nitrogen fertilizer, plant growth or over-dense plant depression and other heavy disease. Differences in disease resistance between varieties is still missing investigation, some new varieties of general performance resistance, such as 8602, 8937, 860l, as well as Yang Zizania l, 83-1, Zhejiang Zizania 2, 5, etc., whether also resistant to this disease, is to be further observed around to determine. Prevention and control methods (1) according to local conditions to choose resistant varieties. (2) Combined with the pre-winter cut dun, collection of disease residues burned to reduce the source of the next year. (3) Strengthen fertilizer management. Formulation of fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; manage the water layer, avoid long-term deep irrigation, pay attention to the right time and right degree of exposure to the field, improve the root system vitality, enhance plant resistance, help to reduce the onset of disease. (4) Spray early to prevent and control the disease. In the plant tillering season, according to the requirements of early prevention and early treatment of disease, strengthen the inspection, depending on the seedling, weather and condition (whether or not the onset and the type of spots, etc.), decide to pick or comprehensive treatment. Pharmacy in addition to the reference to the control of hu ma spot disease with drugs, but also spraying 20% tricyclazole wettable powder l000 times, or 40% paddy fields (Fuji one) emulsion l000 times, or 50% plague spirit suspension (Guangdong Jiangmen Pesticide Factory) 600 ~ 800 times, or l3% tricyclazole Chunrexin wettable powder 400 ~ 500 times, 2 ~ 3 times, lO ~ 15 days apart 1 time, alternately applied, the The former dense and then sparse. (H) water bamboo blight symptoms and characteristics of water bamboo blight mainly occurs in the field, attacking the plant leaf sheaths and leaves. The first near the water surface of the leaf sheath produced dark green watery oval small spots, and then expanded and interconnected into a cloudy or tiger spot-like spots, the edge of the spot dark brown, the onset of the disease and the healthy parts of the clear demarcation, the spot in the middle of the light brown to grayish-white. The spots expand from the bottom up, extending to the leaf blade, making the leaf blade appear cloudy spots. When the disease is serious, the leaf sheath leaves die early, wild rice fleshy stems are also affected, so that wild rice meat is dried up, losing food value. The disease signs of the disease part of the early manifestation of arachnid (mycelium), the later manifestation of the radish seed-like nucleus (by the mycelium tangled nucleus). Young nuclei were white to creamy white pomade, mature nuclei tea brown. Surface roughness, careful observation of its spongy holes, or like honeycomb, easy to fall off. Pathogen and pathogenesis characteristics of wild rice blight pathogen for fungi. The asexual generation of the semi-nucleus subphylum of the filamentous fungi genus [Rhizoc-tonia solani Kühn]; the sexual generation of the tambourine fungi subphylum of the death of the fungus genus [Thanatephora sasakii (Shir.) Ju = Pelliculariasasakii (Shir.) Ito]. Asexual generations of the disease are common in the field, and sexual generations are produced occasionally and infrequently under high humidity, and even if they are produced, their role in the annual cycle of the disease is not important. The pathogen survives and overwinters mainly as mycorrhizal remains in the soil, or as mycelium on disease residues or on field weeds and other host crops. The fungal nuclei will spread with irrigation water, float on the water surface, and collect in the downwind direction at the edge or corner of the field. When the fungus nuclei float and attach to the wild rice plants, under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, sprout mycelium and invade from the leaf sheath near the water surface to cause disease. After the onset of the disease, the formation of arachnid mycelium on the diseased part of the mycelium and can be contacted by climbing to expand the infestation damage. The survival of the mycelium is very strong, and the mycelium left in the surface layer or even deep layer of the soil can survive for at least 1 to 2 years. The pathogen is polymorphic, its host range is very wide, in addition to grass crops and weeds, the natural infection of the onset of the host is not less than l0 more than dozens of species of the family. Pathogen development and the formation of nuclei like high temperature and high humidity (suitable temperature of 28 ~ 32 ℃, relative humidity of 96% or more). Disease occurrence and damage by the nucleus base, meteorological conditions, field ecology, plant nutritional status and other factors. The number of mycorrhizal kernels left in the soil (mycorrhizal kernel residue) is closely related to the severity of the initial disease in the field. Last season or the previous year, the amount of mycorrhizal residues, the initial plant incidence is also higher, while the development of the field disease thereafter, is subject to the field ecology and plant nutritional status and other factors have a greater impact. High temperature and high humidity years and seasons of disease development fast; field long-term deep irrigation, negligence of exposure to the field, or overly dense planting, poor plant permeability, or bias over the application of nitrogen fertilizer, plant body free ammoniacal nitrogen content is too high, are conducive to the development of the disease, aggravation of the disease. Differences in disease resistance between varieties of wild rice are yet to be investigated. Prevention and control methods should be taken to prevent and control the disease before planting as much as possible to remove residual mycorrhizal fungal nuclei in the field to reduce the source of the fungus, planting and planting reasonable planting, strengthen the fertilizer and water management, the onset of the timely application of drugs to protect, control of the disease of the integrated prevention and control measures. Specifically should grasp the following links: (1) try to remove the source of fungus before planting. Stripe blight disease and heavy disease areas and fields, after plowing and harrowing, the use of mixed in the "wave residue" within the nucleus of the fungus with the wind blowing set to the downwind side of the field and the field corner of the characteristics of the cloth net or dense dustpan and other tools to salvage, collect the "waves of residue" with the field outside the burned or buried, can reduce the source of bacteria, reduce the plant pre-emergence. Fungus source, reduce plant pre-morbidity. This work, if you can insist on doing a good job, the effect is obvious. (2) Reasonable dense planting, combined with the management of the plant as far as possible to remove the base of the plant sheath leaves, improve the permeability of the bush, help to reduce the onset of disease. (3) good management of fertilizer, to create a suitable for the growth of wild rice plants, not conducive to the spread of the disease field ecological environment, in order to control the horizontal expansion and vertical expansion of the disease, to reduce the harm. In the fertilizer, take the front promotion (tiller), control (ineffective tiller), after the supplement (promote wild rice fertilizer to promote pregnant water bamboo) fertilization strategy, formula fertilization, fertilization, timely and appropriate amount of fertilizer, and promote the plant early and fast, strong but not Wang, steady growth, improve the plant's own resistance. In the water slurry management, according to the different growth periods of wild rice on the different requirements of the depth of irrigation, to take before the shallow (budding and tillering), in the sun (control ineffective tiller), after the shallow or wet (to promote pregnancy water bamboo) strategy, to water temperature, water fertilizer. Typhoon season to pay attention to drainage, each fertilizer should be appropriate before the shallow field water, after the fertilizer to be absorbed by the soil and then moderately irrigation field water, pregnant water bamboo dry wet, wet, wet, to maintain the root system vitality, the leaves turn color normal. (4) timely spraying to prevent and control disease. Before and after the tillering season, control the expansion of disease level by spraying. In the middle and late stages of plant growth, control the vertical expansion of the disease by spraying, so that the plant maintains enough functional leaves, in order to facilitate the breeding of wild rice, and improve the yield of wild rice shoots. The medication can be sprayed with 5% Tian'an aqueous 400 to 500 times (in the early stage), or 28% carbendazim wellbutrin suspension 500 to 700 times, or l6% thiazinone wellbutrin suspension 800 to l,000 times, or 22% Shuangjing aqueous 300 to 400 times, or 20,000 units of wellbutrin 300 times, or 20% tricyclonazole wellbutrin 600 to 800 times, 2 to 3 times, alternate application, spray evenly spray enough. Eight, harvesting wild rice must be harvested in time, which is to ensure that wild rice yield and quality of an important link. If the harvest is too early, wild rice is too tender, low yield; and harvest is too late, wild rice meat green, rough texture, fiber increase, quality deterioration. Timely harvesting standards for: shortened heart leaves, three tightly wound leaves, leaf sheaths, leaf sheaths at the junction of the obvious bundle into a waist, the middle of the pseudostem is obviously expanded, leaf sheaths side of the slightly cracked, slightly exposed water bamboo, exposed part of no more than 1-1.5 cm. But summer wild rice due to the harvest period of higher temperatures, maturity, easy to green and old, so there can not be cracks, only to see the leaf sheaths in the middle of wild rice meat expansion and the appearance of wrinkles, it is necessary to immediately harvest. Most of the wild rice is harvested several times, generally every 2-3 days harvesting, good seeding 2-4 times can end. The fewer the number of harvests, the more concentrated the yield, the better the seed. Harvesting method: Qi stem base of the Caretaker tube broken, every collection of more than 10 when the wild rice leaves bundled up to the head of the field, unified Qi wild rice eyes cut off the leaves, cut off the residual Caretaker tube and residual whiskers, retaining the wild rice length of 40-50 centimeters varying. Southern region of freshwater crayfish and cash crops of mixed cropping and crop rotation a freshwater crayfish and aquatic cash crops of mixed cropping Freshwater crayfish and aquatic cash crops of mixed cropping refers to the same pond or paddy field at the same time breeding freshwater crayfish and cultivation of aquatic cash crops. Selectable aquatic cash crops are wild rice, rice, horseshoes, cichlids, watercress, etc., can also choose the lotus root, gorgonian, but be careful to guard against shrimp on the lotus root, gorgonian seedling buds damage. The following is an example of wild rice to describe the freshwater crayfish and aquatic cash crops mixed crop. Seed wild rice field preparation.
Select the field level, deep soil layer, rich in organic matter, water retention properties of the field for wild rice field. Along the ridge around the excavation of 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters wide, 0.8 ~ 1.5 meters deep ring ditch, the middle of the field is also appropriate to excavate the field ditch, field ditch width of 0.5 ~ 1 meter, 1 meter deep, ring ditch and field ditch put with the black algae, eye vegetable, bitter grass, minced grass and other submerged water plants such as the production of the grass, field corners are also used to fix a small number of floating plants such as bamboo floating plants such as water hyacinth, duckweed, and so on. Combined with ditching to increase the height and width of the ridge, and tamping, and along the ridge around the 70 ~ 80 cm high mesh will be closed around the paddy field ridge, the bottom of the mesh into a 90-degree bend, the horizontal piece of about 10 ~ 20 cm, to the field buried in the soil. Vertical piece of 50 ~ 70 cm high, exposed to the ground 45 ~ 50 cm, the upper end of the mesh with 20 ~ 25 cm wide plastic film and the upper end of the mesh twisted together, so as to avoid enemy organisms into the people and later crayfish escape. In the southern region of the annual 11 to the next April before planting wild rice, per mu of rotting pig, cow dung 500 ~ 1,000 kg as a bottom fertilizer, turning people in the soil, and then irrigation water soak the field, so that the soil is softened to achieve the field flat, mud rotten, fertilizer. The planting of wild rice.
Water bamboo planted with asexual reproduction method, November-April or June-August to choose those who grow neat, strong, white, white, tiller plants as seed plants. With rhizome tiller seedlings cut dun transplantation, each small dun with old stems and stolons and 3 ~ 5 tiller seedlings, row spacing 1 meter by 1 meter. After planting irrigation, water depth 3-5 cm. Water bamboo planting technology as above (double-season water bamboo planting branch technology)