1842 (July 24th, 22nd, Daoguang) (HMS Hanhuali)

Zhongying treaty of nanking

1. Cut Hong Kong Island to Britain

2. Compensation 2 1 10,000 yuan.

3. Open Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai as the gateway to China's southeast coast.

4. Cancel the old public banking system and allow British businessmen to trade freely at trading ports.

5. Agreed tariff (the tax paid by British businessmen for import and export goods must be agreed by both sides) China lost its tariff autonomy.

1July 22nd, 843 (June 25th, 23rd year of Daoguang)

Sino-British Charter on Trade with Five Ports: Tariff (commonly known as "Charter on Trade with Five Ports")

Content:

1. Reduce tariffs and set the tax rate of imported goods at 5%. China has become one of the countries with the lowest tax rate in the world, and since then, the customs has lost its role in protecting its industrial and agricultural production, facilitating foreign capitalism to dump goods and plunder raw materials in China.

2. Consular jurisdiction. When a British national commits a crime in China, the British consul handles China's judicial power according to British law, and foreigners can commit crimes in China.

1843 10 October 8th (August 15th, 23rd year of Daoguang)

Sino-British "Five-port Trade Sticking to the Aftermath Clause" (referred to as "Humen Treaty" and "Sino-British Aftermath Treaty")

1. Unilateral MFN treatment. In the future, China will sign an unequal treaty with any country to transfer new rights and interests, and let the British share them.

You can rent land, build houses and establish concessions in trading ports.

1July 3, 844 (May 28th, 24th year of Daoguang)

Sino-US Wang Xia Treaty

The United States has gained expanded consular jurisdiction, stipulating that "China officials shall not ask" all lawsuits in China, not only between China and Americans, but also between Americans and other foreigners. And expanded the right of tariff agreement, stipulating that China must obtain the consent of the United States if it wants to change tariffs.

1844 10 October 24th, Daoguang 24th (September 13th, Daoguang 24th) (Mr. Ying Lao, French ambassador and governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi, was aboard the French "A Gimel" anchored in Huangpu, Guangzhou).

The Sino-French Huangpu Treaty (also known as the Sino-French Five-Port Trade Charter) is the first unequal treaty that France invaded China, with 36 clauses and customs tariff attached.

The treaty stipulates that, in addition to gaining the rights and interests of aggression stipulated by Britain and the United States in the treaty, it also stipulates that French Catholicism is allowed to preach freely at trading ports and build cemeteries. The local government in Qing Dynasty was responsible for protecting churches and cemeteries.

1February 846 (the first month of the 26th year of Daoguang), the Qing government was forced to announce the lifting of the ban on Catholic missionary work in China announced by 1724 (the 2nd year of Yongzheng).

1May 28, 858 (April 16, Xianfeng eight years)

Sino-Russian love faint treaty

Russia occupied more than 600,000 square kilometers in the south of Xing 'an Mountains and the north of Heilongjiang, outside the northeast of China.

1858 June 13 (May 3rd, eighth year of Xianfeng) (signed in Tianjin by Gui Liang, the imperial envoys of the Qing Dynasty, and Vasana, the Russian ambassador to China, Putyatin).

The Sino-Russian Tianjin Treaty was an unequal treaty concluded by Russia in the name of mediation during the Second Opium War, with a total of 12 paragraphs.

1. Russia can trade in seven ports, including Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Taiwan Province Province (Tainan) and Qiongzhou. If other countries open more ports along the coast, quasi-Russia will do.

2. Russia must set up consular officers at various trading ports in China, and send troops and ships to anchor at these ports.

Russian Orthodox priests have the freedom to preach in the mainland.

In fact, in order to occupy Russian territory, China and China sent personnel to survey the "previously undefined border".

5. In the future, if China grants trade privileges to other countries, Russia will enjoy them all.

1858 June18 (eighth day of May, eighth year of Xianfeng) Qing imperial envoys Gui Liang and Hua Shana signed in Tianjin with American Ambassador to China Li Weilian.

Sino-US Tianjin Treaty (formerly known as Sino-US Reconciliation Treaty). During the Second Opium War, the United States induced the Qing government to conclude an unequal treaty in the name of mediation. * * * Thirty models.

1. If the Qing government allowed envoys from other countries to be stationed in Beijing, it should allow the United States to follow suit.

2. Chaozhou and Taiwan Province Province (Tainan) opened a port for trade, and Chaozhou Port was located in Shantou when it opened later.

Jesuit priests can preach freely.

4. Expand the one-sided MFN treatment, that is, the privileges granted by the Qing government to other countries. "Everything has to do with ships, trade, political exchanges and so on." The United States has to "share everything."

5. Determine the consular jurisdiction.

1858 (May 16th, eighth year of Xianfeng) June 26th (Gui Liang, Minister of Qing Dynasty, Washana and Erkin, the British plenipotentiary, signed in Tianjin).

The Sino-British Tianjin Treaty was an unequal treaty that Britain forced the Qing government to sign during the Second Opium War. * * * Article 56 with special provisions.

1. British envoys live in Beijing and set up consular officers at various trading ports; Niuzhuang, Dengzhou, Chaozhou, Qiongzhou, Hankou, Jiujiang, Nanjing and Zhenjiang in Taiwan Province Province (Tainan) were established as trading ports. Later, Niuzhuang Port was in Yingkou, Dengzhou Port was in Yantai and Chaozhou Port was in Shantou.

Jesuits and Catholic priests are free to preach.

British people have to live in the mainland to travel and trade.

British merchant ships can sail at every estuary of the Yangtze River.

China and Britain sent personnel to a meeting in Shanghai to revise tariffs.

6. China gave Britain 4 million taels of compensation.

7. Determine consular jurisdiction and one-sided MFN treatment.

1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) June 27th (Gui Liang, imperial envoys of the Qing Dynasty, Hua Shanna and Gro, the French plenipotentiary, signed in Tianjin).

Sino-French Tianjin Treaty (formerly known as the Charter of Peace). An unequal treaty that France forced the Qing government to conclude during the Second Opium War. * * * Paragraph 42 of the Peace Constitution and paragraph 6 of the Addendum.

1. The French ambassador lives in Beijing.

2. Open Qiongzhou, Chaozhou, Taiwan Province Province (Tainan), Danshui, Dengzhou and Nanjing as trading ports (Dengzhou Port was located in Yantai and Chaozhou Port was located in Shantou when the port was opened later), and set up consular officers at each port.

3. Catholic priests can enter the mainland to preach freely; The French had to go inland.

4. All tariffs, tariffs, tonnage taxes, tariffs and import and export tariffs agreed between China and other countries can be "shared" by France.

French warships can berth at various trading ports in China.

6. China paid 2 million taels of compensation to France.

1858165438+10.8 (the third day of October, eighth year of Xianfeng) (signed by Gui Liang, Minister of Qing Dynasty, Washana and Erjin, the plenipotentiary of Britain).

Supplementary clauses of Sino-British Trade Charter and Sino-British Tianjin Treaty (also known as Sino-British Trade Charter). * * * Ten paragraphs, with customs tariff attached.

1. Customs employs British people.

The customs will levy taxes on all import and export goods on time.

3. When foreign goods are shipped to the mainland for sale, only 2.5% import tax will be paid, and no tax will be paid.

Opium is allowed to be imported, and the import tax is 320 per 100 Jin. Since then, opium has been openly imported, and foreign goods flooded the China market.

Tianjin Treaty can be summarized as follows: ① Foreign Minister in Beijing; ② Open Niuzhuang (Houyingkou), Dengzhou (Houyantai), Taiwan Province (Houtainan), Danshui (Houshantou), Chaozhou, Qiongzhou, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Jiujiang and Hankou 10; Foreign merchant ships and warships can sail freely in the Yangtze River port; 4 compensation. The signing of Tianjin Treaty and its annexes shows that China is forced to further open up. In addition to almost all major cities along the coast and in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, foreign businessmen and missionaries can also travel, preach and trade in the mainland.

1860101October 6 (August 22, the tenth year of Xianfeng) French troops occupied Yuanmingyuan.

1860101October 7 (August 23, the tenth year of Xianfeng) British troops occupied Yuanmingyuan.

1860101October 24th1kloc-0/October 25th (September 11th and 12th, Xianfeng decade).

The Sino-British Sino-French Extension Treaty (also known as the Beijing Treaty)

1. Tianjin opens for trade.

2. Allow China workers to work abroad.

3. Allocate part of Kowloon Division to Britain.

4. Increase the reparations to Britain and France in the Tianjin Treaty to 8 million each.

France also arbitrarily added a clause in the Chinese version of the treaty "Let French priests buy fields in various provinces and build their own houses" to create a basis for expanding religious aggression, but there is no such content in the French version.

1860165438+1October 14 (October 2nd, 10th year of Xianfeng)

Russia forced China to sign the Beijing Treaty on the pretext of mediation.

About 400,000 square kilometers of land east of the Ussuri River in China, including Sakhalin Island, was forcibly allocated to Russia.

1864 10 October 7th (September 7th, Tongzhi three years)

Sino-Russian northwest boundary survey agreement

Russia forcibly occupied more than 440,000 square kilometers east and south of Lake Balkhash in China.

18791010.2 (Chonghou signed a contract with Russia without authorization)

The Ili Reconciliation Treaty (i.e. the Rivakia Treaty)

China paid Russia 5 million rubles, or 2.8 million taels of silver, as a reward for "collecting and guarding Ili soldiers" and gave Russia a large territory west of Horgos River and south of Ili. The Qing government refused to recognize the treaty, and in December of Guangxu five years, 1880, 1, Chonghou was dismissed for questioning, and the Russian government officially pointed out that Chonghou's treaty was "violating training and exceeding authority" and "obstructing work". And in July of 1880 (6th June of Guangxu), Ceng Jize, the new ambassador to Russia, was sent to Petersburg for negotiations.

188 1 February 24th (January 26th, Guangxu 7th year) (signed by Ceng Jize and Russia).

Sino-Russian Ili Treaty

Take back the nine cities of Yili and cancel the illegal treaty signed by Chonghou, which occupies a large territory in the south of Yili. However, Russia still occupied the territory of China to the west of the Khor River, and Russia occupied a piece of land on the north bank of the Ili River, which made Ili have no danger to defend and lost its strategic significance.

/kloc-in the 1980s, China and Russia signed several border protocols according to the Sino-Russian Ili Treaty, and Russia occupied more than 70,000 square kilometers of land near Lake Zasang in China.

1884 May 1 1 (April 17th, 10th year of Guangxu) (signed by Li Hongzhang and Fu in Tianjin)

Concise Clauses of Sino-French Conference (also known as Tianjin Concise Clauses and Li-Fu Agreement)

It is stipulated that France should "protect" Vietnam, allow France to trade on the border between China and Vietnam, and China should withdraw its troops.

1April 4th, 885 (February 19th, 11th year of Guangxu reign) (signed by James Duncan Campbell, England in the name of the Qing government).

Sino-French armistice conditions

Acknowledge the validity of the concise provisions of the Sino-French Conference; The two sides stopped fighting, the French allowed Taiwan Province Province to close its ports, and China withdrew its troops from Vietnam; The French sent a special envoy to China to discuss the details of the treaty, and then the two countries set a date for withdrawal.

1June 9, 885 (April 27, 11th year of Guangxu reign) (signed by Li Hongzhang and French Minister Badeno in Tianjin)

Vietnam Treaty concluded between China and France (hereinafter referred to as Vietnam Treaty, Sino-French New Testament and Ba Li Treaty).

China admitted that Vietnam was "protected" by France; China agreed to designate two trading ports on the Sino-Vietnamese border between Yunnan Province and Guangxi Province; China will build railways in the future and do business with France; French army Keelung and Penghu. Since then, French aggression has spread to Yunnan and Guangxi in China.

1895 04 17 (March 21 of Guangxu) (signed by Li Hongzhang and Japanese Prime Minister Ito Bowen in Shimonoseki, Japan)

Sino-Japanese treaty of shimonoseki

1. Recognize Japan's control over South Korea.

2. China ceded Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and its affiliated islands and Penghu Islands to Japan.

3. Compensation for Japanese military expenditure of 200 million taels of silver.

4. Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as commercial ports; Japanese ships can enter the above ports.

Japanese subjects have to set up factories in China trading port. When products are transported and sold in mainland China, they are only taxed according to imported goods, and warehouses are allowed to be set up in the mainland for storage.

6. In order to ensure China to fulfill the terms, the Japanese army temporarily occupied Ahava.

1June 3, 896 (Guangxu April 22) (signed by Li Hongzhang, Russian Finance Minister Victor and Russian Foreign Minister Banov in Moscow)

The Sino-Russian Secret Treaty (that is, the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty, also known as the Sino-Russian Anti-enemy Mutual Assistance Treaty)

1. If the Japanese invade the territory of the Russian Far East and China, the Chinese and Russian navies and armies should help each other and provide each other with weapons and food.

2. During the military action against China, Russian warships can enter and leave all the harbors in when necessary, and Japanese local officials will supply them with goods.

3. China allowed Russia to build railways in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces to reach Vladivostok, and Waldorf Bank was responsible for road construction.

This treaty is the first Sino-Russian alliance treaty with Japan, and it is also the first alliance treaty signed by China and foreign countries. Command Russia to seize the privilege of building a railway in northeast China under the guise of "defending Japan with * * *".

1896 (22nd year of Guangxu)

The Sino-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation was signed according to the treaty of shimonoseki.

Japan is recognized as having consular jurisdiction and one-sided MFN treatment in China.

1896 10 month (September, 22nd year of Guangxu)

Japan gained the privilege of establishing concessions in Tianjin, Hankou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Chongqing.

65438+March 0898

Sino-German Jiaoao Concession Treaty

China was forced to "lease" JIAOZHOU bay and was occupied by German forces on1October 20th (October 26th, 23rd year of Guangxu reign).

1March 27th, 898 (March 6th, 24th year of Guangxu)

Sino-Russian land lease treaty

"Lease" Lushun and Dalian Bay (both occupied by Russian fleet on 1897, 12 and 15, that is, Guangxu 23rd year 1 1 22) and their nearby islands and sea areas. The "lease period" is tentatively set at 25 years. The lease area includes Jinzhou, and the north of the lease area to Gaiping is the "neutral zone". South Manchuria Railway was built by East Provincial Railway Company. Russia also stationed more than 25,000 troops in Manchuria, transforming the northeast into the sphere of Russian influence and expanding to the south of the Great Wall.

1April 22nd and 24th, 898 (March 2nd and 4th, 24th year of Guangxu)

Japan forced the Qing government to recognize Fujian as its sphere of influence.

1June 9, 898 (April 21, Guangxu), (British Minister Dou threatened Hong Kong on the pretext that France occupied Guangzhou Bay and forced the Qing government to sign it).

Sino-British "Special Feature on Expanding Hong Kong Border"

Lease the Kowloon Peninsula to expand the boundary of Hong Kong: the whole Kowloon Peninsula from Shenzhen Bay to Mirs Bay in Kowloon, together with the sea surface between the two bays, and all the sea surfaces and islands between 22 degrees 9 minutes north latitude, 0/3 degrees 52 minutes east longitude and 0/4 degrees 30 minutes east longitude, the "lease period" is 99 years.

1 898 July1

Chinese and English Special Articles on Booking Rent in ahava

Britain has leased Ahava, Liu Gongdao and its nearby islands and coasts for 25 years.

From1September, 899 to1October 165438+, US Secretary of State John Hayward put forward the so-called "open the door" ultimatum to Britain, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy and France respectively.

1. No other country may interfere with any investment or vested interests of countries in China's so-called sphere of influence or leased land.

2. The goods transported to the sphere of influence by various countries are taxed according to the current tariff rate in China, and the tax is collected by our government.

3. Countries shall not levy higher port tax on ships of other countries that enter their sphere of influence or lease land than their own ships; Or when goods from other countries are transported by rail, the railway transportation fee higher than that of domestic goods shall not be charged.

190 1 September 7th (July 25th, Guangxu 27th) (Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang signed with Britain, Russia, America, France, Japan, Germany, Italy, Austria, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands on behalf of the Qing government).

Boxer Protocol

1.45 million taels of silver will be paid off in 39 years, with annual interest of 4% and principal and interest of * * * 980 million taels. In addition, provinces and autonomous regions also paid more than 20 million Liang compensation. Of the total compensation of 450 million taels, Russia seized the largest share, reaching1.300 million taels, accounting for 29% of the total.

2. BeijingDongjiaominxiang has been designated as the "embassy boundary", and China people are not allowed to live in the boundary, which is guarded by garrisons from various countries.

3. Dismantle the fort of Dagubao along the line from Beijing to Dagu. Within 20 miles around Tianjin, China troops are not allowed to station, while foreign troops are allowed to station in 12 strategic places along the Beijing-Yulin Railway, such as Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao, Changli, Luanzhou, Tangshan, Lutai, Tanggu, Junliangcheng, Tianjin, Yangcun, Langfang and Huangcun. Prohibit the transportation of weapons and raw materials for weapons manufacturing to China for two years; If the authorities think it is necessary, they can also extend the embargo.

4. It is forbidden for China people to form or join any anti-imperialist organization forever, and offenders will be put to death. Provincial officials must protect the safety of foreigners, otherwise the official will be removed from his post and will never be used. In places where the invaders were "abused" and "killed", "guilty ministers" were severely punished and "civil and military examinations were suspended for five years"

5. Change the Foreign Affairs Department of the Prime Minister to "Former Foreign Affairs Department, Six Courses" and designate the Royal Family as the Foreign Minister to handle foreign affairs.

6. The Qing government sent ministers to Germany and Japan to apologize, and erected a monument at the place where German official Cleander was killed; Erect a monument to the tomb of the destroyed foreigner to show that "Zhao Di Mud Snow" and "Xin Chou Treaty" (1) compensate 450 million taels of silver, which is guaranteed by customs and other taxes; (2) prohibiting people from participating in anti-imperialist activities; (3) demolish Dagu Fort and allow imperialism to station troops along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan; (4) Dongjiaominxiang in Beijing is designated as "embassy boundary", which is protected by the garrison of various countries, and China people are not allowed to live.