Eel, also known as eel, long fish, sea serpent, etc., is a specialty of China.

[Related Legends]

According to legend, some Hercules in ancient times, the reason why the strength is infinite, is due to often eat eel. In the old days, the people who walked the streets were commonly known as selling Hercules pills. In fact, the ancient medical science "Ben Jing Feng Yuan", there is really "big pill" formula, one of the main drug is eel. Eel taste fresh and soft, and spiny meat thick, fine and tender, compared with other freshwater fish, can be described as unique, if cooked properly, after eating can be unforgettable. A month before and after the summer eel is the most nourishing flavor, so there is a "summer eel race ginseng" said.

[Nutritional value]

Eel is rich in DHA and lecithin, which is the main component of the cell membranes of human organs and tissues, and is indispensable to the nutrition of brain cells. According to the U.S. experimental research data, frequent intake of lecithin, memory can be improved by 20%. Therefore, the consumption of eel meat has the effect of tonic brain fitness. It contains a special substance "eelin", can lower blood sugar and regulate blood sugar, diabetes has a good therapeutic effect, plus contains very little fat, so it is the ideal food for diabetics. The amount of vitamin A contained in eel is amazingly high. Vitamin A can improve eyesight and promote the metabolism of the skin membrane. It has been said that "eel is eye medicine", and people who have suffered from eye diseases in the past know the benefits of eating eel. Eating eel has a strong tonic function, especially for the weak, sick and postpartum people more obvious. Its blood can also cure the distortion of the mouth and eyes. According to the motherland medicine, it has the health care function of tonifying qi and nourishing blood, warming the yang and strengthening the spleen, nourishing the liver and kidney, dispelling the wind and opening the collaterals.

Nutritional Analysis

1. Eel is rich in DHA and lecithin, which is the main component of the cell membranes of human organs and tissues, and it is an indispensable nutrient for the brain cells;

2. Eel contains eelin which can reduce and regulate the blood sugar and it is an ideal food for diabetic patients. The eel is rich in vitamin A, which can improve eyesight and promote the metabolism of the skin membrane.

[Growing environment and habits]

The eel's body is cylindrical, suitable for living in caves, in and out of the cave, reducing friction is very favorable. It is really a bit of "hermit" temperament, no special attack skills, no strong defense weapons, the only skill is "36 plans, escape for the plan", it is neither cerebral fins, no ventral fins, that is, the dorsal and anal fins are degraded only a little bit of skin folds, scales have disappeared to the naked eye. Even its dorsal and anal fins have deteriorated to the point where only a small fold of skin remains, and its scales have disappeared to such an extent that they are hard to see with the naked eye. But the whole body can secrete a very oily mucus, not careful, it can be from your hands to slip away. Eel body mucus, the main function is: to prevent bacteria, germs infested body, reduce disease; to prevent parasitic animals and plants of the discipline entanglement, favorable growth; oily and slippery, in favor of it in the mud pass unimpeded.

The eel embryo is female when it develops into its first sexual maturity, but it becomes male when it starts its second sexual maturity. This means that the eel is both mother and father throughout its life. This process of yin and yang transformation is called sex reversal in biology.

Fish mostly use gills to breathe, but the eel is unique, its gills degraded, relying on the surface of the larynx microvessels to suck air directly, so we want to make the eel alive, it must be kept moist, stored in a cool place.

[Farming technology]

A scientific stocking eel is a warming animal, as long as the water temperature in the 10-32 ℃, can be stocked throughout the year. The eels stocked require a healthy body, swimming lively, no disease, no disability, size of the specification can be. Because eels have big bully small, strong bully weak and in the lack of food in the case of mutual biting and mutilation phenomenon, therefore, the same pool of eels should be basically the same specifications. General weight in 100-350 grams or more, can be placed in the pool to be sold at any time; weight in 50 grams or more, can be placed in the pool, the year can grow to commercial specifications; 50 grams or less, can be placed in the seedling pool, the year can be grown to more than 50 grams, can be raised for the next year, the eel can be provided to provide a large specification of eel species. Stocking density should be flexible according to the stocking specifications and feeding conditions, generally 1-5 kg per square meter of water.

Two, into the pool to prepare for the eel into the pool, you can apply a small amount of fermented organic fertilizer, in order to propagate mosquito larvae, silk earthworms, aquatic insects and other aquatic animals, or put snails or loaches, etc., in the pool, let them reproduce, to provide live bait for the fresh fish. Where possible, black lights can be set up in the pool to lure insects into the pool.

Three, feeding bait after 1-2 days of short-term acclimatization can be baiting, baiting is generally 2%-10% of the total weight of the fish. The amount of bait should be increased or decreased according to the water temperature, the quality of bait, and the water quality. Baiting is usually done once a day. In the afternoon 4-5 pm or evening feeding. Can also gradually early feeding time, domestication of daytime feeding, in the morning at 8:00, 4-5 p.m. each bait 1 time.

The eel is mainly feeding on animal bait and prefers fresh bait, such as various insects and their larvae, earthworms, small fish and shrimp, silkworm pupae, fly maggots, snails, mussels and clams, large zooplankton, livestock and poultry offal and tadpoles, etc. The eel should be kept alive and well, and should be fed at all times. The bait should be fresh and not rotten, where animal bait is insufficient, part of the plant bait can be fed, such as soybean cake, bran or corn meal, etc. The above plant bait is mixed with minced fish and shrimp minced meat to form a wet mass (in the water can be a longer period of time does not fall apart) and then fed. Larger baits should be chopped or hung in the pool and left to tear and eat. Hard-shelled baits such as snails, mussels and clams should have their shells smashed before feeding. Bait should be fed at regular intervals, with 2-8 feeding points in each pool. The suitable water temperature for eel feeding is 15-30 ℃, and it has the habit of day and night out for bait. If you cover the fish pond with a plastic film shed in winter or use other warming and insulation measures to maintain a suitable water temperature, eels can feed and grow throughout the year, thus greatly shortening the incubation period, reducing costs and improving production and efficiency. Before baiting, you should remove the residual bait so as not to affect the water quality.

Four, adjust the water level water quality because the eel can breathe oxygen directly in the air, often need to head out of the water. Therefore, the fresh fish pool water level should be shallow. The water level should be based on the eel specifications, the water level of the seedling pool should be shallow, generally 10-20 centimeters. Adult pool can be deeper, generally 30-40 centimeters. The water level of the pool to be sold can be shallower eel oxygen consumption is high, like fresh water. Therefore, new water should be injected frequently. General winter water change 1-2 times a month, spring and fall water change once a week, every 1-3 days in summer water change once, each time the amount of water change in 20-50%, there are conditions in the eel pool in the formation of micro-flow water. In the hot season, should increase the number of water changes, or in the pool on the frame planting loofah, grapes, to prevent sun exposure and cooling and heat. Larger and deeper eel pond, can be mixed with a small amount of tilapia, carp, crucian carp, loach and other omnivorous fish, can play a role in removing residual bait feces, water purification.

Five, timely sieve pool eel species within the competitive, the same specifications under the pool of fish, after a period of feeding, specifications will be uneven, in the long run is not conducive to the improvement of production. Therefore, in the eel growth period, should be every 1 month or so, the pool of eels all caught out, after screening, will be large, medium and small size eel sub-pool rearing. Before the end of the growth period in the fall, all the fish should be caught out, the fish have reached commercial specifications into the pool to be sold, the rest of the different specifications of the fish, according to the next year's production needs to be stocked in the pool. In this way, the eel species after a winter of adaptation, next year can be earlier into the peak growth stage.

Sixth, the prevention and control of fish disease eel ponds must be disinfected with quicklime or bleach before stocking. Foreign eels shall be disinfected with a concentration of one-millionth of a bleach solution, or 3% of the salt water immersion disinfection 10-20 minutes after the pool. During the feeding period, splash the whole pond with bleach powder at a concentration of one part per million every month. Dragging and washing scalped toads in the pool is effective for white spot disease and rotting skin disease.

Seven, do a good job of protecting the eel pool pool small shallow, in the filling of new water, to prevent water overflow fish escape. Fish pool water surface should be controlled at the edge of the pool below 20 centimeters, always check the inlet and outlet door of the fish netting and the solidity of the pool wall. Especially in the lack of food, thunderstorms, rainy weather or water quality deterioration, eels are most likely to escape, this time more attention should be paid to escape prevention work. In addition, should guard against ducks, rats, cats and other hostile eels.

Eight, wintering management in general after November, the water temperature fell to 15 ℃ below, the eel began to drill deep into the soil, into the hibernation state, until the next year 2-3 months. During the wintering period, the pool to be sold should be taken to increase the temperature, heat preservation measures. The eels that are not enough for commercial specification in that year can overwinter in the original pool, and the water level can be kept high during the overwintering period. Especially when the water surface is frozen, the water depth under the ice should be kept above 0.3 meters, and change the pool water once a month. Can also be used dry method of overwintering, that is, when the water temperature drops to below 10 ℃, the pool water drainage, the bottom of the pool covered with part of the straw or straw, etc., to keep the soil moist and not frozen, eels can be safe overwintering. There is a heat source, so that the pool water all year round to maintain 25-30 ℃, eels will be able to dispense with hibernation, year-round growth.

[Cooking method]

Steamed eel

Category: Jiangxi cuisine Diabetes recipes Nourish the body recipes Uterine prolapse recipes Puerile brain recipes

Process: scratch frying Taste: spicy taste Serving: Chinese food | dinner

Taste: This dish is fresh and spicy, thick soup, red color.

Main Ingredients: eel 750 g

Supplement: onion (white skin) 50 g

Seasoning: lard (refined) 40 g soy sauce 50 g garlic (white skin) 5 g wine 25 g chili pepper (red, sharp, dry) 5 g starch (fava beans) 25 g ginger 5 g sesame oil 5 g pepper 5 g

Cooking Methods

1. The head of eel with a Nail the head of the eel with a nail, cut open with a knife from head to tail, take out the internal organs and spine, and then slice the eel into 2.4 cm long slices;

2. Onion peeled, cleaned and cut into slices;

3. Dried red peppercorns cut into small slices;

4. Ginger and garlic cleaned and chopped;

5. Frying pan on the fire heat, with a little bit of oil, then put lard into the pan and stir-fry the eel slices; the eel slices into the pan and fry;

6. Eel slices into the pan stir fry;

6. eel stir fry rolls, put soy sauce, ginger, onions, dried peppers, cooking wine, cover and stew;

7. stew for a few moments, put the amount of soup and then simmer;

8. stew for a few moments to thicken with cornstarch, sprinkle with minced garlic, drizzle sesame oil on a plate and sprinkle with pepper that is done.

Making tips

1. eel to use live, dead eel, the body decomposition of toxic substances, poisoning after eating;

2. such as eel is not good to nail, can be the first to fall stunned;

3. with a high fire, dripping into the method of thickening.

Technology of eel farming

Technical measures for artificial eel farming: selection and placement of stocked eel species and eels, baiting and management, and escape prevention.

Management of eel farming: feeding bait, often filling new water, creating a suitable environment, pay attention to the prevention and treatment of eel disease, eel overwintering.

Eel disease technology and control, eel several common diseases.

I. Overview

The eel is also known as eel, long fish and so on. The growth rate is fast, generally a month can grow 10 centimeters, 9 months body length of up to 300 grams, that is, up to the specification of commercial fish. The eel is especially adapted to the rural artificial culture, is a good way for farmers to get rich.

1. The eel farming environment

Select sufficient water, four seasons, sunrise place, in the water quality, is the eel farming key technology, must be diligent in changing the water, to maintain good water quality, spring and fall 3-5 days to change the water once in the summer 1-2 days to change the water once in the water depth of not less than 10 centimeters, injected into the water temperature can not be more than 5 degrees Celsius, in order to avoid the death of the temperature plummet caused by the.

2. Build eel pond

Build eel pond, to choose the terrain is a little high, drainage and irrigation is convenient place to build pools, to small-scale-oriented, area of 5-20 square meters, or 30-60 square meters, pool depth of 80-100 cm. Pool shape should be according to the east-west direction, in order to prevent escape can be another pool edge, surrounded by 30-50 centimeters above the ground, in the hard soil can be built without masonry, if in the soft soil at the construction of the pool should be masonry paving bottom wall cement hook joints. The bottom of the pool pad after exposure to loose hard moderate soil 30-60 centimeters, easy for eels to lurk in holes, in close proximity to the water source dug a water inlet, in the opposite side of the lower end of the parallel bottom of the water to leave a drain, rows of water inlet should be fish netting, to prevent the escape of eels. Pool surface 1/3 of the water surface can be moderately planted wild rice, water peanuts, artemisia and other aquatic plants, for eel shelter, shade to improve the environment of the fish pond.

II. Artificial culture of eel technical measures

1. stocking eel species and eel selection and placement

Select robust, smooth body surface, strong activity, the size of the same eel. The general requirements of the weight of 20 grams per tail is appropriate, if you put each tail 30-50 grams of large-size eels, the survival rate is high, fast weight gain, high yield. The seedling can come from wild young eels caught in cages, or can be purchased from the market, but the injured and broken skin, broken eels should be removed, but also can be artificially bred seedling. Early spring is good for stocking. Within a week to put all. The amount of stocking is generally 1.5-3 kilograms per square meter, good conditions can be put into 5-6 kilograms. In short, stocking specifications, density is small, and vice versa, it is correspondingly large, and stocking should pay attention to the fish body disinfection, the water temperature difference should not be too large.

2. Baiting and management

The eel is mainly meat, artificial feeding available earthworms, small fish and shrimp, snails and mussels, etc., but also with the feeding of some of the rice bran, soybean cake and other high protein content of plant feeds, spoiled feed can not be fed. Feeding should be carried out in the evening, the daily amount of eel body weight of 3-5%, June-August feeding for the total weight of 6-7%; feeding with the eel body increase and increase the amount of eel body in the growth of the temperature should be more casting hard casting, 15 ℃, 10 ℃ below to stop feeding, the requirements of the feed into the food table, easy to grasp the amount of food and remove the residual bait.

3. Prevention of escape

Thunderstorms and hot weather, low air pressure, water body lack of oxygen, visible eels out of the hole, vertical body front, head out of the water, this time to pay attention to the filling of new water. In the rainy days, you should also pay attention to whether the water overflow is smooth, whether the fish net is solid, in order to prevent eels from escaping. There are no grass ropes or sticks extending out of the pool, because eels are most likely to escape along the water in the rainy days.

Three. The summer management of eel farming

1. throw to the palatable bait

Eel is mainly carnivorous omnivorous fish. Especially like live bait, or mixed feed with high protein content, such as various insect larvae, small fish and shrimp, snails and clams, mussels, silkworm chrysalis, earthworms, fly maggots, livestock scraps, etc., which are ideal bait for eels.

The eel likes to be active during the day and night, so the feeding time is 4-6 pm. Eels are voracious and resistant to hunger, full and hungry is not easy to detect, so feeding should pay attention to the timing and quantitative, generally per square meter of eel pool daily feed 400-500 grams, accounting for about 5-8% of the eel's body weight. There should be a fixed place for feeding, and more food tables should be set up to prevent food grabbing or uneven feeding.

2. Often refill new water

The depth of water in the eel pool should be appropriate, generally 15-20 centimeters, and often change the water, insisting on changing every day or every other day to ensure that the water quality is fresh. The weather is hot, the eve of a thunderstorm, the water will lack of oxygen, where the eve of this weather, to fill the new water in a timely manner. Rainy days should pay attention to the smooth drainage, avoid rainwater diffuse pool, anti-escape.

3. Create a suitable environment

The suitable temperature for eels is 15-30 ℃, too high or too low will affect the eel feeding and growth, so in the summer and fall high temperature season, pay attention to the eel to create an adaptive environment. You can put water hyacinth, duckweed or aquatic plants such as mushroom and lingzhi in 1/3 of the area of the breeding pool, or plant some pumpkins and lentils around the pool, and set up shelves on the pool for shade, so as to facilitate the growth of eels.

4. Pay attention to the prevention and control of eel disease

Eel seed stocking, with 4% salt water or 10ppm bleach bath 10-20 minutes, can effectively prevent eel disease, eel injury will be born after the water mold disease, so in the process of breeding to be careful operation, so as to avoid eel body injury. When the eel has this disease, can use four ten thousandths of baking soda and salt combination of the whole pool sprinkling, can also be used 3-5% of the salt water to wash the eel body 5-8 minutes.

5. Overwintering of eels

(1). Dry also overwintering: the pool will be drained in winter, the soil should be kept wet, the upper layer covered with 18 cm of straw to prevent the soil layer from freezing, pay attention to rats and cats into the pool damage to the eel body.

(2). With water overwintering: deepen the water level in winter to fertilize the water, improve the water temperature, the surface of the ice should be broken in time to prevent eels from dying of asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen.

Four. Eel disease and prevention technology

During the growth period, especially just put the eel seedling and eel breeding season, absolutely not be able to put ducks straight pool predator. In order to prevent cats, rats, birds and other animals from eating eels, it is best to cover the pool with old mesh or take other protective measures.

Summer, sometimes the temperature is too high, eels will appear heatstroke coma phenomenon, at this time should be replaced with cool water, or shade cooling, and then feed fresh tadpole meat.

In the early stages of eel feeding, if the eel species skin is injured, it is easy to cause water mold disease. The sick turtle will have white hairs, lose its appetite, and finally die of the disease. The method of prevention is to choose the body surface without injury, strong young eels, before stocking with lime disinfection of eel pools, eels found to suffer from water mold disease should be used in a timely manner 5% iodine wipe the affected part or 3-4% of the saline water immersion in the body of the fish for 5 minutes, will be able to get a better result.

Plum blotch disease is a yellow circular spot on the back of the eel that is as big as a soybean grain.

The prevention method is to put some toads in the eel pond, because the toadstools on their bodies have a preventive and therapeutic effect. If the disease has occurred, can be peeled off the skin of the toad head, tied with a rope and dragged in the pool a few times, 1-2 days to get rid of the disease.

Eel nematode disease is caused by nematode invasion of eel intestinal disease, nematode parasites caused by a large number of eel death. The method of prevention is to use quicklime to clear the pool before stocking eel fry, which can kill the eggs to prevent the disease. After the discovery of sick eels, every 50 kilograms of eels with 5 grams of trichlorfon crystals (90%), doped with 3 kilograms of soybean cake powder, made of bait feeding treatment.

V. Several common eel disease prevention and control

In the process of eel farming should do a good job of disease prevention and control.

1. Rotten skin disease:

The sick eel is weak, all day will head out of the water, the body surface has a lot of different sizes of round red spots, to the abdomen on both sides of the more, some will also appear in the abdomen of the size of the beans purple spots, serious skin rot into a funnel-shaped hole, if you peeled off the skin meat, often see the rotten skin and viscera.

Prevention methods:

(1) Frequent replacement of pool water, maintain good water quality, is one of the important measures of prevention.

(2) At the same time as adding new water, sprinkle bleaching powder 1ppm in the whole pool for 3 days, which has a good effect.

(3) Erythromycin 25,000 units of thiazole per cubic meter of water, mixed with bait feeding, once a day for 3-6 days

2. Botrytis:

This disease is caused by stocking density is too large or insufficient bait and cause the eels to bite each other, wounds infected with mold and caused by the wounds, the wounds out of the cotton-wool-like "white hairs", the sick eels loss of appetite, and finally wasting to death.

Prevention:

(1) Use 5% salt water to wash the eel seeds after stocking.

(2) Splash the whole pond with 0.04% salt and 0.04% baking soda.

(3) Tail rot disease: this disease is easy to occur in the high-density eel pond or on the way of transportation, the diseased eel tail is inflamed and congested, and then the muscle rots and necrotic, so that the caudal peduncle or tail muscle rots, the tail vertebrae are exposed, and the sick eel's head is sticking out of the water, and the eel's reflection is slow, and the action is feeble.

Prevention methods: (1) pay attention to the environmental hygiene of the eel pool water, can reduce the occurrence of this disease and harm. (2)Splash the whole pond with 0.2ppm furazolidone. (3)Use 0.25 units of gentamycin per milliliter to disinfect the fish body, the effect is very good.

3. Capillary nematode disease:

This disease is caused by the invasion of capillary nematode into the eel intestine, resulting in eel wasting, and then died.

Prevention methods: (1) before stocking eel pool with quicklime disinfection, can prevent this disease. (2) Every 50 kilograms of eels with 9% crystal trichlorfon 5-7.5 grams mixed into the mussel meat feeding, feeding for 6 days. (3)Use Guanzhong, Jing, Su terrier, neem root bark and other Chinese herbs, according to each 50 kg of eels with a total of 290 grams of medicine (proportion in the order of 16:5:3:5), add the equivalent of the total amount of medicine 3 times the amount of water, decocted to the original amount of 1/2 of the water, pouring out the medicine, and then according to the above method of decocting a second time with water and the two juices of the medicine mixed with the feed feeding for six consecutive days.

4. caused by echinoderm parasites in the intestinal tract, intestinal inflammation and congestion, blockage of intestinal tubes, serious intestinal perforation, causing eel death.

Prevention and control methods: (1) eel ponds can be sterilized with quicklime before stocking to prevent this disease. (2)Use 90% crystal trichlorfon 40-50 grams per 50 kilograms of eels and mix it with feed for 6 days

The disease can be prevented by disinfecting the eel pond with quicklime before stocking.