Perilla looks like this. Perilla is an annual upright herbaceous plant. Stems 0.3-2 meters high, green or purple, bluntly rectangular, with four grooves, densely villous. Leaves are broadly ovate or round, 7-13 cm long, 4.5-10 cm wide, short-pointed or pointed at the apex, rounded or broadly wedge-shaped at the base, with coarsely serrated edges above the base, membranous or herbaceous, green on both sides. Either purple, or only purple below, sparsely pubescent above, adnate pubescence below, 7-8 pairs of lateral veins, the ones located at the lower part are slightly closer, rising obliquely, and the midrib is slightly convex above and clearly convex below, slightly lighter in color ; Petiole is 3-5 cm long, dorsally and ventrally flat, densely villous.

Growth habits:

Perilla is highly adaptable, has no strict soil requirements, and has good drainage. It can be used on sandy soil, loam, clay loam, in front of the house, behind the house, and beside the ditch. Cultivation on the edge of the field, on fertile soil, grows well. The first crop is preferably vegetables. Fruit trees can be planted under saplings.

Nutrition:

Perilla is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine in China, and is mostly used in cooking by the Japanese. It is especially an indispensable companion when eating sashimi. It is also found in a few areas of China. Use it as a vegetable or in tea. Perilla leaf, also called perilla leaf, has the functions of relieving external cold, promoting qi and regulating the stomach. It is mainly used to treat wind-cold colds, coughs, chest and abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting. The seeds, also known as perilla, have the functions of relieving coughs, asthma and phlegm. Perilla oil can be distilled from the whole plant of perilla, and the oil produced from the seeds is also called perilla oil. Long-term consumption of perilla oil has obvious effects on the treatment of coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia.

Perilla has been cultivated in China for about 2,000 years. Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty once recorded: "Perilla has leaves when it is young, and it can be eaten with vegetables, or it can be eaten with salt and plum brine. It is very fragrant and can be cooked in the summer months. Drink the soup." This shows that perilla is very common in Chinese people's diet. The Chinese use perilla to cook various dishes, often with fish and crabs. The cooked dishes include roasted fish with perilla, duck with perilla, fried snails with perilla, fried pancakes with perilla salt, fried mutton with perilla and lily, copper basin Steamed suckling sheep with perilla, etc. In addition, in the south, putting perilla leaves or stalks in the kimchi jar can prevent white germs from producing in the kimchi liquid.

The leaves of the Korean perilla variety are larger, rounder, flatter, and more serrated than the Japanese green perilla, with one side being purple-red and the other side green. Koreans use perilla to make kimchi. Basically, canned perilla kimchi is sold in Korean stores around the world. In this can, two perilla leaves wrap one red pepper. Fresh perilla leaves can be used in salads. Perilla seeds are used as a seasoning for meat products and are also used to make perilla sesame salt. Koreans are accustomed to eating fresh perilla leaves or chili leaves when eating barbecue, and Koreans have set off a craze for using perilla leaves to supplement calcium, because perilla leaves are rich in calcium.

The Vietnamese add perilla leaves to stews and boiled dishes, or place them on Vietnamese rice noodles as a garnish. The leaves of the perilla variety they used have reddish-green leaves on one side and purple on the other, and have a stronger aroma than Japanese perilla varieties.

Medical uses:

1. Perilla can not only induce sweating and dispel cold to relieve external evils, but also can promote qi and relieve stagnation and stop vomiting, so it is useful for both external diseases of wind and cold. This product is very suitable for those with symptoms of chest tightness and vomiting; or for those with symptoms of qi stagnation without superficial symptoms, it can also be used for Xuan Tong. For example, if combined with Patchouli and Tangerine peel, it can relieve the appearance and harmonize the middle; with Pinellia ternata and Magnolia officinalis, it can relieve depression and widen the chest.

2. Use for colds and wind-cold: Perilla can dispel superficial cold and has strong sweating power. It is used for superficial symptoms of wind-cold, such as aversion to cold, fever, and no sweating. It is often used with ginger; such as For superficial symptoms involving qi stagnation, it can be used equally with Cyperus rotundus and dried tangerine peel.

3. Used for chest tightness, vomiting and other symptoms: Perilla is used for spleen and stomach qi stagnation, chest tightness, and vomiting. It can be used regardless of whether there are superficial symptoms, and the one with broad qi circulation is used. It is often used clinically in combination with Patchouli.

Propagation method:

Perilla is propagated by seeds, which can be divided into direct seeding and seedling transplanting.

Live broadcast: Spring sowing, the sowing time is one month different in the north and south, March in the south and mid-to-late April in the north. For direct seeding, drill seeds are sown in the border, with a row spacing of 60 cm and a trench depth of 2-3 cm. Sprinkle the seeds evenly into the trench and cover with thin film after sowing. Sowing in holes: 45 cm between rows and 25-30 cm between plants, with shallow covering of soil.

Water immediately after sowing to keep it moist. The seeding rate is 15-18.75 kilograms per hectare. Direct seeding saves labor, grows quickly, harvests early, and has high yield.

Seedling cultivation: This method is used in areas where seeds are insufficient, water conservancy conditions are poor, and droughts occur. The seedbed should be selected in a warm and sunny place, apply farm fertilizer, and add an appropriate amount of superphosphate or plant ash. In early April, water the border thoroughly, wait until the water seeps down, then sow seeds, cover with 2-3 cm of shallow soil, keep the bed surface moist, and seedlings will emerge in about a week. For seedlings that are too densely spaced together, water and weed frequently. When the seedlings are 3-4 centimeters tall and have grown 4 pairs of leaves, plant them in the wheat field on a cloudy day or in the evening after the wheat harvest. On the first day of planting, the nursery ground should be watered thoroughly. .

Transplanting: When transplanting, the roots are intact and easy to survive, and they can be transplanted as they are pulled out. The spacing between plants is 30 cm, and the trench is 15 cm deep. Arrange the seedlings, cover them with soil, water them or thin out human and animal excrement, and loosen the soil to preserve moisture after 1-2 days. About 150,000 seedlings are planted per hectare. Watering is done every 2-3 days in dry weather. After that, watering is reduced and seedlings are squatted to allow the roots to grow.

Reference materials

Baidu Encyclopedia.Baidu Encyclopedia [Citation time 2017-12-22]