From the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Miao people who had direct contact with the Han nationality were distributed in the connecting zone of Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties ruled the Miao people by appointing the upper class of the local Miao people as the secretariat of Jimmy State.
Jinzhou, Xizhou, Wuzhou and Xuzhou, established in the Tang Dynasty, are all places where Miao people live in compact communities. The upper class of Miao people in this area acted as the secretariat of Jimi Prefecture.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Ma Xifan, Jin and other countries in Chu still took Guo Peng as the secretariat and "made a bronze pillar as the boundary". At this time, the Miao people in western Hunan and eastern Guizhou have entered the class society, so the rulers of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms can rule the Miao people through the rulers within the Miao people. However, clans or village organizations still exist obviously in Miao ethnic groups in the states of Jin and Jin, so the secretariat of Jimi Prefecture governs many clans or village organizations.
Miao people living in the hinterland of southwest China also form clan or village society everywhere, which is not only dominated by the ruling class of the big ethnic groups in the same area, but also maintains the relative independence of their own ethnic villages. For example, the Miao people who settled in the southeast border of Nanzhao were not only dominated by the Nanzhao ruling class, but also retained their own political and economic structural characteristics, so they asked the Nanzhao rulers to "establish the border town as the country."
Religion and Education The main beliefs of Miao people are primitive religious forms such as nature worship, totem worship and ancestor worship. In the traditional Miao society, superstition of ghosts and gods and witchcraft prevail. Some Miao people also believe in Christianity and Catholicism.
Few Miao people believe in Buddhism and Taoism. Traditionally, Miao people often regard some giant or strange natural objects as spiritual manifestations, so they worship them and offer sacrifices to them.
Among them, the typical objects of nature worship are boulders (strange rocks), caves, trees and mountains. In addition, Miao people think that some natural phenomena or objects are gods or ghosts, and Miao language often does not distinguish between ghosts and gods, or uses both words.
In most cases, ghosts are regarded as abandoned or wronged souls and tools, which often bring disasters, diseases, plagues or other misfortunes to mankind. For example, the so-called oriental ghosts, western ghosts, sow ghosts, cannibals and tiger ghosts are called evil ghosts. Natural phenomena with spirituality are often regarded as good ghosts and have certain divinity, such as mountain gods, valley gods, cotton gods, wind gods, Raytheon, rain gods, sun gods and moon gods.
Miao people worship good ghosts and evil ghosts in different ways. Good ghosts are greeted by courtesy and sacrificed sincerely. Evil spirits must be bribed and cajoled until they are driven away.
In many areas, Miao people also believe that there are many monsters in nature. For example, cows put shit on their bodies or spin around in the stables, step on the shit in a circle, pigs eat piglets or lie in the trough, ducks eat duck eggs, tigers enter the arena, meet two snakes, and hens crow cocks.
In some Miao areas, artificial objects worship land bodhisattvas, land milk, family gods, sacrificial bridges, wells and so on. The Miao language of the Land Goddess and Bodhisattva is called Land Ghost, which is generally composed of several stones. Land houses are mostly made of wood or three stone slabs, which are extremely simple and located at the intersection next to the village or the pedestrian rest place on the roadside.
The belief in family gods exists in some Miao people in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan dialects, that is, setting up "family gods" idols at home. Sacrificial bridge is popular in most areas of southeastern Guizhou.
Dragon is also the object of worship and sacrifice by Miao people everywhere. Totem worship.
Many Miao and Yao people in the east worship Pan Hu (a kind of god dog). They have been told the story of "Goddess, Mother, Dog Dad" for generations, and regarded Pan Hu as their ancestor.
Some Miao people in the central region think that their ancestor Jiang Yang originated from the heart of maple, so they regard maple as a totem. In other areas, the Miao people worship buffalo and bamboo as totem objects.
Generally speaking, ancestor worship plays a very important role in Miao society. They believe that although their ancestors died, their souls will always be with their children and grandchildren, and they will be worshipped with wine and meat on festivals, even in their daily diet.
In many areas, ancestor worship ceremonies are held regularly or irregularly. There are "beating pig sticks" and "beating cattle to worship ancestors" in western Hunan, "eating shit" in southeastern Guizhou, "knocking Balang" in central Guizhou, and the custom of beating old cattle in northwestern Guizhou and northeastern Yunnan. Among them, the phenomenon of eating dirty meat is still prevalent in Qiandongnan Prefecture, which is the most typical.
Eating dirty is also called drum festival, drum club festival and drum storage festival, which is held every seven or thirteen years with the clan (drum club) as the unit. They believe that the ancestors' souls live in wooden drums, and the sacrificial drum is to knock on wooden drums to summon the ancestors' souls to enjoy the sacrifices of future generations.
Priests are called dirty heads, and the sacrificed dirty cows are specially raised for this purpose. Each sacrificial activity lasts for three years.
Most Miao people believe in witchcraft. The main witchcraft activities are yin-crossing, divination, divine judgment and offering sacrifices to ghosts. In addition to magic.
Witchcraft activities are presided over by wizards. Wizards are mostly unprofessional.
They play the role of hosts in the above-mentioned primary worship and witchcraft activities, and some local wizards also serve as village elders. In addition to being familiar with the ways of offering sacrifices, wizards can mostly tell the genealogy of their clan, major historical events of their nation and the route of migration sources, and are familiar with all kinds of myths and legends, ancient songs and folk stories. Some wizards also have the functions of singers and dancers.
Therefore, wizards are important inheritors of Miao traditional culture and play the role of intellectuals in Miao society. In addition, wizards also have certain medical skills and know some herbs. While exorcising ghosts, it is supplemented by scientific medical means.
In addition to these traditional beliefs, in modern times, as western missionaries went deep into China to preach, some Miao people in Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan Border Region, Kaili, Guizhou, Yuanling, Hunan and other places converted to Christianity, and a few Miao people in southeastern Yunnan believed in Catholicism. Especially in northeast Yunnan and northwest Guizhou, Christian belief once had a strong momentum and great influence.
Foreign missions or missionaries have set up many primary and secondary schools and medical institutions in Miao areas, and even implemented some economic development projects, which have played an indelible role in the social progress and political status of Miao people. Famous monks include Dang Juren of Anshun, Bai Geli, Zhang Daohui and Wang Shude, all of whom died in Miao areas.
Miao.
2. Sentences describing Kaili National Style Garden Kaili City is located at the foot of Miaoling Mountain in the southeast of Guizhou Province, beside Qingshui River. It is the capital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, and the experimental area for the reform and development of ethnic autonomous areas approved by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and the State Commission for Economic Restructuring.
With a total area of 1.306 square kilometers and a total population of 420,000, the city is a multi-ethnic city with Miao as the main body, and is also one of the 4 1 "green capitals" in China. Kaili has a history of 500 years, and was once known as "Little Jingzhou" as early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For hundreds of years, people of all ethnic groups living in Kaili have created splendid national culture with their wisdom and hard work.
Kaili is a multi-ethnic garden with beautiful scenery and charming scenery, and is known as the "Pearl of Miaoling". Kaili, with its unique natural landscape, simple and rich ethnic customs, rich and unique ethnic culture, has been established as the ethnic customs tourism center of Guizhou East Line. Kaili has a mild climate and pleasant seasons. There are fairyland-like fishing caves in Yaolin, incense burner mountain full of myths and legends, picturesque Qingshui River and countless Miao villages.
Kaili has a subtropical humid monsoon climate, with no severe cold in winter and no hot summer. China is rich in biological mineral resources, including more than 400 kinds of medicinal plants and wild animals, including coal, iron, lead, zinc, barite, bauxite, quartzite and siliceous rocks, among which the content of silica is as high as 98%, ranking among the best in southwest China.
In addition, there are Leishan, Rongjiang, Liping and Congjiang counties with primitive ethnic customs in Qiandongnan Prefecture. Among them, Leishan County is dominated by Miao people, while the other three counties are dominated by Dong people, featuring Dong villages. Huaqiao and Drum Tower are the landmark buildings of Dong Village. When you see the Drum Tower, you will know that you have come to Dong Village.
Reference: China Mouse Travel Network (.
3. The story editor of Miao nationality is in this section [Introduction to Ethnic Groups]. According to historical records, after the Chiyou tribe, Chiyou, to which Yandi belonged, went south behind Yanhuang, entered Baiyue, and lived in present-day Hunan, Guangxi and Yunnan.
Miao nationality, according to the census in 2000, the total population of Miao nationality was 8940 1 16, mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions). Miaoling Mountain and Wuling Mountain, where Miao people live together, have mild climate, and are surrounded by mountains and waters, with large and small dams scattered all over the place.
Mainly produces rice, corn, millet, wheat, cotton, flue-cured tobacco, rape, tung oil and so on. In addition, it is rich in timber resources and mineral resources.
The ancestors of Miao people can be traced back to the Chiyou tribe, which was active in the Central Plains in primitive society. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Miao ancestors began to establish "Three Miao Countries" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and engaged in agricultural rice cultivation.
Miao people have migrated many times in history, and the general route is from the Yellow River valley to Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Miao nationality has its own language, belonging to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.
Originally, there were no national characters, but Latin pinyin characters were created in the late 1950s. Nowadays, most people use Chinese.
Miao people have a long history of music and dance, and Lusheng dance, which is deeply loved by the masses, is highly skilled. Miao people's arts and crafts, such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik and jewelry making, are colorful and enjoy a high reputation in the world.
Miao people have many festivals, such as Miao Year, April 8th, Dragon Boat Festival. Miao people are used to calling themselves Mu, Meng, Mo and Mao, and some areas call themselves Gan 'ao, Guo Xiong, Lao Dai and Guinea Bissau.
He called them "long skirt seedlings", "short skirt seedlings", "red seedlings", "white seedlings", "green seedlings" and "flower seedlings". After the founding of New China, it was collectively called Miao nationality.
Miao nationality has a long history. In China's ancient books, there are records of Miao ancestors more than 5,000 years ago. This is the clan and tribe called "Nan Man" from the Yellow River valley to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Miao people have no written language, and Miao language belongs to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.
Miao people live on high mountains, mainly in agriculture, and the crops are upland rice. Bags, buckwheat seeds, potatoes, beans, and cash crops are hemp, which are generally grown and spun by themselves. Miao people are rich in folk oral literature, such as ancient songs, poems and love songs.
Miao people are also good at dancing, and Lusheng dance is the most popular. Miao nationality has its own language, which is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.
After 1956, the Latin alphabet writing scheme was designed. Due to the long-term contact between Miao and Han, a large number of Miao people are fluent in and use Chinese.
Agriculture is dominant in Miao areas, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and jewelry making are magnificent and colorful, and they are well-known at home and abroad.
Among them, the batik process of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years. There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be compared with the costumes of any nation in the world.
Miao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well, especially love songs and wine songs. Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of Miao nationality.
Edit this paragraph [religious customs] Miao people used to believe in animism, worship nature and worship their ancestors. Drum Music Festival is the biggest ritual activity of Miao nationality.
Generally, a small sacrifice lasts for seven years and a big sacrifice lasts for thirteen years. It is held on the second day of October to November in the lunar calendar. At that time, a roe deer will be killed and a Lusheng dance will be performed to commemorate the ancestors.
Invite friends and relatives to get together during meals to enhance feelings and family harmony. The main beliefs of Miao nationality are primitive religious forms such as nature worship, totem worship and ancestor worship. Traditional Miao society is superstitious about ghosts and gods, and witchcraft prevails.
Some Miao people also believe in Christianity and Catholicism. Few Miao people believe in Buddhism and Taoism.
Traditionally, Miao people often regard some giant or strange natural objects as spiritual manifestations, so they worship them and offer sacrifices to them. Among them, the typical objects of nature worship are boulders (strange rocks), caves, trees and mountains.
In addition, Miao people think that some natural phenomena or objects are gods or ghosts, and Miao language often does not distinguish between ghosts and gods, or uses both words. In most cases, ghosts are regarded as abandoned or wronged souls and tools, which often bring disasters, diseases, plagues or other misfortunes to mankind. For example, the so-called oriental ghosts, western ghosts, sow ghosts, cannibals and tiger ghosts are called evil ghosts.
Natural phenomena with spirituality are often regarded as good ghosts and have certain divinity, such as mountain gods, valley gods, cotton gods, wind gods, Raytheon, rain gods, sun gods and moon gods. Miao people worship good ghosts and evil ghosts in different ways.
Good ghosts are greeted by courtesy and sacrificed sincerely. Evil spirits must be bribed and cajoled until they are driven away. In many areas, Miao people also believe that there are many monsters in nature.
For example, cows put shit on their bodies or spin around in the stables, step on the shit in a circle, pigs eat piglets or lie in the trough, ducks eat duck eggs, tigers enter the arena, meet two snakes, and hens crow cocks. In some Miao areas, artificial objects worship land bodhisattvas, land milk, family gods, sacrificial bridges, wells and so on.
The Miao language of the Land Goddess and Bodhisattva is called Land Ghost, which is generally composed of several stones. Land houses are mostly made of wood or three stone slabs, which are extremely simple and located at the intersection next to the village or the pedestrian rest place on the roadside. The belief in family gods exists in some Miao people in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan dialects, that is, setting up "family gods" idols at home.
Sacrificial bridge is popular in most areas of southeastern Guizhou. Dragon is also the object of worship and sacrifice by Miao people everywhere.
Totem worship. Many Miao and Yao people in the east worship Pan Hu (a kind of god dog).
They have been told the story of "Goddess, Mother, Dog Dad" for generations, and regarded Pan Hu as their ancestor. Some Miao people in the central region think that their ancestor Jiang Yang originated from the heart of maple, so they regard maple as a totem.
In other areas, the Miao people worship buffalo and bamboo as totem objects. Generally speaking, ancestor worship plays a very important role in Miao society.
They believe that although their ancestors died, their souls will always be with their children and grandchildren, and they will be worshipped with wine and meat on festivals, even in their daily diet. In many areas, ancestor worship ceremonies are held regularly or irregularly. There are "beating pig sticks" and "beating cattle to worship ancestors" in western Hunan, "eating shit" in southeastern Guizhou, "knocking Balang" in central Guizhou, and the custom of beating old cattle in northwestern Guizhou and northeastern Yunnan.
Among them, the food in southeastern Guizhou.
4. What songs do Miao people have? Miao poetry emphasizes phonology, including five-character style, seven-character style and long and short sentences.
The language is concise, harmonious, well-proportioned and easy to understand, which can express rich thoughts and feelings and has strong artistic appeal. It is the most important manifestation of Miao folk literature and has a wide range of applications. For example, when welcoming and sending away close relatives and friends, men and women love each other, and even act as matchmakers, mediate disputes, make village rules and regulations, educate children, describe genealogy and family rules, and sometimes express them in poetry.
Poetry is also used for entertainment at work, and poetry is used to eliminate fatigue after work. Creation song: it is a very old fairy tale song, which mainly tells the origin of heaven, earth, sun and moon and the generation of all things.
Such songs include Song of Creation and Song of the Origin of Everything. Ancestor songs: mainly describe the appearance of human beings, the origin and migration of ethnic groups, such as Song of the Origin of Human Beings and Flood.
The theme of this kind of songs is positive and enterprising, which reflects the real history in a tortuous way to some extent and has the value of historical research. Marriage song: It reflects the evolution of Miao nationality from intermarriage to extramarital marriage, and from matriarchal system to paternal system, and is a rare material for studying marriage history.
Among them, the most famous ones are the Marriage of Brothers and Sisters in Qiandongnan, The Song of Wedding, The Marriage of Men and Women, The Song of Remarriage (Women Marry Men), The Song of Receiving the Son-in-law and The Song of Farewell in Zunyi, Northern Guizhou, etc. Migration song: it exists in a large number among Miao people.
Miao people everywhere have their own migration history, so they all have their own migration songs. Among them, Xiang Xiu Matthew in Songtao Tongren area, Yang Lu dialect in northwest Guizhou and Gro Ge Sang in Guiyang area are famous.
The migration songs of Songtao and Qiandongnan reflect this grand scene and express the fierce struggle between people and between people and nature. It is a heroic epic, which is of great value to the study of Miao history.
Songs and words for discussion: reflect the social organization of the ancient Miao nationality, mainly describe various social ethics and codes of conduct, and persuade people to do good. Songs of productive labor: everywhere.
Among them, Qiandongnan Prefecture is the most complete, with embroidery songs, cotton planting songs, textile songs, batik songs, wine-making songs, shipbuilding songs and so on. The theme is positive, mostly works that encourage people to work hard and create a better life.
Kugger: It is a poem describing class oppression and national oppression. Some people accuse the chief of oppressing the people, others accuse landlords and bullies, and many others accuse the government.
Uprising songs: also known as anti-American songs, mostly accuse the darkness of the old society and praise the people's resistance. For example, the songs of southeastern Guizhou, the Taoxinchun of southern Guizhou and northwestern Guizhou are very representative.
This kind of songs are full of passion and fighting spirit. Love song: It is a song sung by young men and women when they are in love.
The writing is subtle and beautiful, full of lyricism. There are confessions, questions and answers, etc. And most of them are expressions.
Because there is no written language, most of the written documents of Miao nationality in history are written in Chinese, and the number is very small. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was only found in Hunan and eastern Sichuan.
In recent years, some Miao literati poems have been discovered in Guizhou. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang Mande, a tribute student in Xiaolimeijiang, Daozhen County, were all famous for their works, and wrote Poems of Living in a Shaded Mountain.
Poems by Long Shaone, a Miao scholar in Qing Dynasty, were also found in Liangjiang Township, Jinping County, including four volumes of Liangchuan Collection published by 1878, which concentrated the author's main poems. The content mostly describes the local customs of Dong village in Miao township, with strong local flavor.
During the Republic of China, Liang Juwu, a famous Miao scholar in Leishan County, also wrote some poems. His political essays are full of the feelings of the oppressed nationalities and reveal the political powerlessness and economic difficulties of ethnic minorities.
After the founding of New China, with the care and cultivation of the Party and the government, the Miao people began to have their own writing and literature creation team, and a number of Miao writers emerged. Many of their works have won awards in China, and some of them have been translated and introduced to foreign countries, which have been well received. In the research, collection, collation, translation and publication of folk literature, there are also a group of their own talents, and many achievements have been made.
Music Miao music includes folk songs, lusheng, suona and Qin Xiao, among which folk songs and lusheng are the most common. Historical songs: mostly sung for middle-aged and elderly people, with recitation form, often singing a paragraph and telling a truth.
The lyrics are also very long, ranging from dozens to hundreds to thousands of lines. For example, the song of creation, the song of ancestors' migration, the song of marriage seeking roots, the song of reason and so on.
Qiandongnan's historical songs are the most complete and representative, with rich tunes, distinctive beats and powerful. Love song: A folk song sung by young men and women.
Many tunes, soft and lyrical, are usually sung in a low voice. Some places, such as Liuzhi and Qinglong Miao love songs, also have bold features.
Ge Fei: It is named for its high-pitched singing. Generally speaking, young men and women sing in pairs when communicating.
Also have a plenty of spare time, in order to express a happy mood, improvisation solo, there are also many people chorus. Even hundreds of meters apart, the audience can clearly hear the lyrics.
This kind of song is the most famous in Qiandongnan. Mourning song: it is a kind of mourning song for the normal death of the elderly.
The melody is sad, and the lyrics mean sad. When the singer sings to grief, tears often flow down, and the listener often bursts into tears.
There are Miao people in southeast Guizhou, south-central Guizhou, northwest Guizhou and north Guizhou. The mourning songs of Miao people in Liupanshui are quite famous.
Most Miao music tunes are inherited from traditional singing methods. The main achievement of famous singers lies not in the updating of tunes, but in the creation, modification and perfection of lyrics, so the tunes change little. There are famous singers everywhere.
The late Tang Dehai, a Miao singer in Leishan County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, is one of the best. I have mastered the traditional singing methods of Miao ancient songs and folk songs and can sing a few folk songs.
He wrote thousands of lyrics, including Han Miao's new songs alone 1300.
5. Why is it said that ethnic medicine is a wonderful flower in the medical treasure house? China is a multi-ethnic country. In the long-term struggle against diseases, all ethnic groups have accumulated and formed their own distinctive national medicine system, which is an important part of medicine in China and even the world.
Because most of the ethnic minorities in China live in southwest, northwest, frontier and poverty-stricken areas, the local ethnic medicine and folk medicine have a tolerant and quiet hiding place. Take Yunnan Province as an example. Yunnan is located in the southwest border of the motherland, inhabited by 26 ethnic groups, with an altitude of 1000 m to 2000 m, and contains 6559 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine resources.
In particular, Xishuangbanna, which has tropical climate characteristics and is not affected by typhoons, is rich in southern medicine resources, such as the rare dragon's blood tree (dragon's blood), catechu, terminalia chebula and sappan. In recent years, Amomum villosum, clove, cinnamon, cardamom and boat-fruited Sterculia have been successfully introduced, and the output of Amomum villosum has accounted for more than 80% of the national output.
Panax notoginseng, an authentic medicinal material in Yunnan, belongs to Araliaceae. It has the functions of reducing blood fat, cholesterol, blood pressure, softening blood vessels, preventing cancer, delaying aging, etc., and its output accounts for more than 80% of the country. High-quality Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, Yunnan Angelica sinensis, Radix Aucklandiae and Yunnan Coptis are all traditional export varieties, which enjoy high reputation at home and abroad.
Polyporus umbellatus, Shā rotto Katakuri, Dendrobium officinale, Hedysarum septemlobata and Ganoderma lucidum are all famous wild medicinal materials. Many of them are ethnic medicines, such as Dai medicine and Tibetan medicine, which are becoming the target of many scholars' research and development of new drugs.
Other ethnic areas in western China, especially Tibet, Mongolia, New Zealand, Guangxi and Ningxia, and other multi-ethnic provinces such as Guizhou, Sichuan and Qinghai, all have similar characteristics to Yunnan, and the development and utilization potential of ethnic medicine is huge. Tibet and Qinghai regard the development of ethnic medicine as a pillar industry and a new economic growth point in their respective regions. In recent years, the output of ethnic medicine (mainly Miao medicine) in Guizhou Province has accounted for more than 40% of the province's medical output.
Miao nationality, located in the southeast and central and western parts of Guizhou Province, has a transitional climate from temperate zone to subtropical zone. There are thousands of drugs used, and there are about 400 commonly used drugs.
The representative drugs are mainly Sargentodoxa, Sargentodoxa, Chimonanthus praecox, Pittosporum, Sambucus williamsii, Rhizoma Drynariae, Verbena, Polygonum perfoliatum, Crataegus pinnatifida and so on. Tibetan medicine resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are abundant, most of which are unique to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
According to a preliminary understanding, there are more than 2,200 species of Tibetan medicinal plants belonging to 682 genera in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Among them, fungi 14 family, 35 genera and 50 species; 30 families, 55 genera 1 18 species of pteridophytes; Bryophytes belong to 5 families, 5 genera and 5 species, and there are 57 families11genus 159 species of Tibetan medicine animals. There are more than 80 kinds of Tibetan medicine minerals. In order to give full play to the advantages of Tibetan medicine in Tibetan areas, more than 30 Tibetan medicine pharmaceutical factories have been established in Tibet, Qinghai and Gansu, with an annual output value of more than 500 million yuan.
Some Tibetan medicine products are exported to Japan, India and other countries 10. Among them, four Tibetan medicines such as "Seventy Flavor Pearl Pills" developed by Qinghai Jinhe Tibetan Medicine Group became the only products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in China.
This has narrowed the distance between the world and Tibetan doctors, made Tibetan doctors go to the world, and opened the door full of hope for their beneficial exploration. Mongolian medicine is an independent medical system with national style, which is based on Mongolian traditional medicine and absorbs the essence of Tibetan, Chinese and ancient Indian medical theories, and occupies an important position in China ethnic medicine.
Many excellent Mongolian medicine experts and famous Mongolian medicine classics have emerged in history, among which the most influential is 18 century's Classic of Knowing Medicine, which is the foundation work of Mongolian medicine and contains 390 kinds of Mongolian medicine. At the same time, drug identification is divided into four parts, * * * collected 678 kinds of drugs.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, the ancient bratton Jill compiled the Compendium of Materia Medica in Tibetan, which included 879 kinds of Mongolian medicines, and became the main classic of studying and studying Mongolian medicines today. Modern Mongolian medicine has developed rapidly.
According to statistics, there are 2 230 kinds of Mongolian medicines in China. China's ethnic medicine is a huge treasure house. With the development of ethnic medicine in China, it will certainly promote China's medicine to blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and promote the prosperity of China's medical culture and pharmaceutical industry. At the same time, it will provide more choices for alternative medicine in various countries, provide experience for the development of traditional medicine in the world, and make greater contributions to the cause of human health.
6. What are the Miao cultures? Miao people have created colorful and unique folk literature and art.
Folk literature mainly includes poems and legends, most of which have been passed down to this day by oral legends. Poetry is generally five-character style, with seven-character style or free style in the middle, and most of them only talk about tunes without rhyme. Generally, the tunes are simple, with little change, not strict rhythm and unlimited length, including ancient songs, logical words, witch songs, bitter songs, anti-tune, love songs and children's songs.
For example, The Old Man Opens Heaven and Earth, Ninety-nine suns and Ninety-nine moons are all ancient songs that tell the history of the Miao people and reflect the struggle between the ancient Miao people and nature. Miao poetry and ancient legends not only provide rich national folk literature materials, but also are important reference materials for studying Miao history.
Miao nationality is a people who love singing and dancing. Music, dance and Miao drama have a long history. There are already records in the history books that men play lusheng and women ring bells.
The Miao people's "flying songs" are very famous, and now they all perform stage singing or composing music. Instrumental music can be divided into percussion instruments and orchestral music, with wooden drums, leather drums, bronze drums and lusheng being the most famous. In addition, there are mangoes, lutes, harpsichords, konoha leaves and various flutes.
Dances include Lusheng Dance, Bench Dance and Monkey Encouragement, among which Lusheng Dance is the most common and highly skilled, and is deeply appreciated at home and abroad. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and jewelry making are colorful.
The batik technology of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years. After liberation, it has developed to be able to dye colorful patterns and export them abroad. There are many kinds of traditional silver ornaments of Miao nationality, including bracelets, collars, headdresses, chest ornaments and silver clothes. They are also famous for their exquisite carving patterns.
Miao people have established their own medicine, which divides human diseases into 36 diseases in internal medicine, 72 diseases in surgery and more than 20 treatments. Mr. Shi Qigui is the author of Miao Medicine Prescription and Animal Medicine Guide.
Lu Kemin is the author of Miao Medicine Collection. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, Long, the first-time doctor of Songtaotang, took out the stillbirth for pregnant women by caesarean section.
Treating fracture, snake wound, poisoned arrow wound, knife and gun wound, Miao doctor has quick effect. Miao medicine mostly uses crude drugs and has been used now.