A, the basic knowledge of leather

1, the meaning of leather

"leather" in the leather products market is a common word, is the difference between synthetic leather and natural leather is a habit of calling. In the consumer's concept, "genuine leather" also has the meaning of non-fake. It is mainly processed from animal skin. Genuine leather variety, variety, different structure, quality is different, the price is also very different. Therefore, leather is all natural leather, but also a vague identification of the commodity market.

In accordance with the physiological point of view, any animal skin have hair, epidermis and dermis part. Because the dermis contains a network of small fiber bundles, so all have considerable strength and breathability.

The epidermis is located under the hair, immediately above the dermis, and consists of an arrangement of epidermal cells of different shapes. The thickness of the epidermis varies with different animals, for example, the thickness of the epidermis of cowhide is 0.5 to 1.5% of the total thickness; sheepskin and goatskin is 2 to 3%; and pigskin is 2 to 5%. The dermis is located below the epidermis, between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue, is the main component of the rawhide, its weight or thickness of about 90% of the rawhide.

2, the raw material of tanning

The raw material of tanning is animal skin, although the most common in our life is pigskin, cowhide, sheepskin, but in fact most of the animal skin can be used for tanning. It is just that cowhide, pigskin and sheepskin are the main raw materials for tanning because of their good quality and large production.

While there are many kinds of raw material skins for tanning, according to a series of laws and regulations such as animal protection regulations issued internationally, the raw materials that are really used for production are restricted to a certain extent, and the commonly used leathers are: cow leather, sheep leather, pig leather and horse leather.

3, the characteristics of the leather and the difference

The first layer of leather and two layers of leather: according to the level of leather, there are the first layer and the second layer of leather, which the first layer of leather has grain leather, repair leather, embossed leather, special effect leather; the second layer of leather is divided into two layers of pig leather and two layers of leather and so on cattle.

Grain leather: Among many leather varieties, full grain leather is at the top of the list, because it is processed by the superior raw material leather with less injury, the leather surface retains the intact natural state, and the coating is thin, which can show the beauty of the natural pattern of animal skin. It is not only wear-resistant, but also has good air permeability. Sky Fox series of leather is the use of such leather as raw materials to produce high-quality leather products.

Finishing leather: It is made by using the grinding machine to finish the surface after light grinding and pressing on the corresponding pattern. In fact, it is a "facelift" for the natural leather surface which is disabled or rough.

This kind of leather almost lost the original surface condition.

Full grain leather characteristics: divided into soft leather, wrinkled leather, front leather and so on. Characterized by complete retention of grain, clear pores, small, tight, irregular arrangement, full and detailed surface, elastic and good air permeability, is a high-grade leather. Leather products made of this cowhide are comfortable, durable and beautiful.

Half grain leather characteristics: its production process by the equipment processing, grinding into only half of the grain, so called half grain cowhide. Maintains the natural leather part of the style, pore flat oval, irregular arrangement, feel hard, generally use the poorer raw material skin. So belongs to the middle class leather. Because of the special nature of the process of its surface without injury and scars and high utilization rate, its finished products are not easy to deformation, so generally used for large area of large briefcase products.

The characteristics of repair cowhide: also known as "glossy cowhide", the market is also known as matte, bright cowhide.

Features for the surface is flat and smooth without pores and grain, in the production of the surface layer of the grain to do a slight grinding surface modification, spraying a layer of colored resin on top of the leather to cover the leather surface texture, in the spraying of water-based translucent resin, so it is a kind of high-grade leather. Especially glossy cowhide, its bright dazzling, noble and gorgeous style, is the popular leather of fashion leather goods.

Special effect cowhide characteristics: its production process requirements with the modification of the surface of cowhide, just inside the colored resin with beads, metal aluminum or metal copper elements for integrated spraying leather, and then rolled a layer of water-based light transparent resin, the finished product has a variety of luster, bright lining, elegant and noble, for the current popularity of the leather, is a mid-grade leather.

Embossed cowhide characteristics: with the pattern of the flower plate (aluminum, copper) on the surface of the leather heating and pressing various patterns, into a style of leather. The current market popularity of "lychee grain cowhide", which is the use of a flower plate with lychee pattern processing and become.

Two layers of leather: thick leather with a piece of leather machine cut layer and get, the first layer used to do full grain leather or repair leather, the second layer of the series of processes such as coating or film made of two layers of leather, its fastness and wear resistance is poor, is one of the cheapest leather of its kind.

Characteristics of two-layer cowhide: its reverse is the second layer of cowhide leather, coated with a layer of PU resin on the surface, so it is also known as film cowhide. Its price is cheaper, high utilization rate. Its changes with the process also made a variety of grades of varieties, such as imported two layer cowhide, because of the unique process, stable quality, variety of novelty and other characteristics, for the current high-grade leather, price and grade are not less than the first layer of leather.

Author: 77_521

2006-12-19 18:35 Reply to this statement

2

Real leather identification

Two, leather maintenance knowledge

Over the season to collect the purse, in the collection of leather before you have to clean the leather surface, and the leather bag should be put into the clean shredded paper or cotton shirt to keep the leather bag's shape. shape, and then put the bag into a soft cotton bag, collection of leather bags in the cabinet should be avoided inappropriate extrusion and deformation. The cabinet for storing leather products must be kept ventilated, for example, a cabinet with louvered doors is better, and at the same time, do not put too many items in the cabinet. The natural oils in the leather itself will diminish over time or with too much use, so even very high-grade leather goods need regular maintenance. It is recommended that every time you store leather products before, should be for it to dust to do cleaning. General leather products are best first on the leather maintenance oil, the practice is to wipe the oil on a clean cotton cloth, and then wipe the surface evenly, avoid the oil directly coated on the surface to avoid damage to the leather parts. Leather product maintenance is the first way to "use to cherish", usually in the use of handbags whether to pay attention to not be messy scratches, not by the rain, not by the stains contamination, are the maintenance of handbags of the most basic common sense. Otherwise wait until the problem to deal with, the effect will be poor.

*Leather absorption force is strong, should pay attention to anti-staining, high-grade sanding leather in particular to pay attention to.

*Once a week, use a dry towel with water and wring it out, and repeat a few times for light wiping.

*If there is a stain on the leather, use a clean wet sponge with warm detergent to wipe it, and then let it dry naturally. Try it on an inconspicuous corner before use.

*If you spill a drink on the leather, immediately soak it up with a clean cloth or sponge and wipe it with a damp cloth and let it dry naturally, do not use a hair dryer to dry it.

*If stained with grease, use a dry cloth to wipe clean, and let the rest dissipate naturally or clean with detergent, do not scrub with water.

*If you find any holes, rags or burns, do not repair them without authorization, and ask for professional services directly.

*Do not put the furniture storing leather products in the sun burst, it will cause the leather to dry and fade.

*High-quality leather surface is not immune to minor scars, can be made by hand body heat and oil to make minor scars fade.

*Leather accidentally drenched in rain, must be wiped dry after the water droplets placed in a cool, ventilated place to air dry. Do not use fire to dry or expose to sunlight.

*Before using the leather care products, a small amount of test on the bottom of the bag or the inside of the less conspicuous place, to be sure that there is no problem and then used in the whole piece of leather.

*When the leather accidentally produces wrinkles, you can use the iron to set the temperature to the wool and flat iron through the cloth.

*Hardware maintenance on the leather, should be wiped with a dry cloth after use. If slightly oxidized, you can try to flour or toothpaste to gently rub the hardware can be.

*Lacquered leather can be wiped with a soft cloth.

* glossy leather maintenance, please use a little leather maintenance special oil dipped in soft cloth, and then a little force in the leather on the rubbing; no glossy leather maintenance, usually only need to use a cloth gently wipe, if the dirt is serious, you can try to similar to rubber gently wipe to remove the rubber.

*Leather such as stains black spots, you can try to the same color leather dipped in alcohol wipe.

* suede leather shall use soft animal hair brush to remove surface dust and dirt, such as pollution is more serious, can try to gently to the four sides of the rubber eraser to evenly spread to remove dirt.

Three, leather identification knowledge

1, how to identify leather

Hand mold: that is, touch the leather surface, such as smooth, soft, plump, elasticity is the feeling of genuine leather; and general artificial synthetic leather surface astringent, rigid, poor softness.

Eye: leather face leather has clearer pores, pattern, cowhide has more uniform fine pores, yak skin has thicker and sparse pores, goat skin has fish scale pores.

Smell: All genuine leather has the smell of leather; and artificial leather has a more irritating plastic odor.

Ignition: tear off a little fiber from the back, ignite it, send out the smell of hair, do not knot hard pimples is leather; send out a pungent smell, knot pimples is artificial leather.

2,How to recognize artificial leather and synthetic leather

Artificial leather and synthetic leather are made of textile fabric base or non-woven fabric base, coated with polyurethane and processed with special foaming, the surface feels like leather, but breathability, abrasion resistance and cold resistance are not as good as leather. How to distinguish?

Leather: leather leather has its own special natural pattern, leather surface luster natural, press or pinch the leather surface, leather surface without dead wrinkles or dead folds, there is no crack; and artificial leather leather leather surface is like leather, but look at the pattern is not natural, luster is brighter than the leather, the color is more brightly colored, with a finger to press the leather, there is no obvious pore wrinkles, even if there are wrinkles after the press, will not be obvious natural disappearance.

Leather body: leather feels soft and tough, while imitation leather products are also soft, but toughness is not enough, cold climate leather body hard. When you bend the leather body with your hand, the leather is natural and elastic, while the imitation leather products are hard and elastic.

Cut: the color of the cut of genuine leather is consistent, the fiber is clearly visible and fine. But imitation leather products of the incision without leather fiber sense, or visible bottom of the fiber and resin, or from the incision to see the bottom of the cloth and resin glued to two levels