First, variety selection should choose Hami melon varieties that are suitable for the climate characteristics of the south and have strong diseases. The main varieties in this area are: Xuelihong, Xianguo, 98- 18 (green skin and yellow skin) and so on.
Two, the field selection of Hami melon cultivation to avoid melon stubble and continuous cropping plots, should choose three years without melons, Gao Shuang terrain, good drainage of rice stubble fields. Sandy soil with rich organic matter and good permeability is the first choice for planting Hami melon.
Third, one month before land preparation, border preparation and fertilization, ploughing should be carried out, and the ploughing depth should be 25-30 cm. At the same time, the supporting ditch system (Daming ditch, operation ditch and shed periphery ditch) should be opened, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied to the whole ploughing layer at one time. Generally, the commercial organic fertilizer 1000 kg per mu, potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer (n: l) When making the border, it must be high and ridged, and the surface of the border should be made into a turtle's back shape with a bow back of 25 ~ 30 cm; The border is fully covered with plastic film (transparent plastic film in spring), which is beneficial to moisture conservation, moisture reduction and grass prevention.
Fourth, seedling raising and transplanting
1, seed treatment: dry treatment can be used, and the dry seeds can be baked in a constant temperature drying oven at 60 ~ 69℃ for about 3 days, which has a good disinfection and sterilization effect. If there is no such condition, the seeds can be dried in strong sunlight for 2 days.
2. Sowing: The sowing date in spring is generally in the middle of 1 month. In spring, heat preservation and disease prevention are emphasized, the seedbed is covered with multiple films, and electric heating lines are laid on the ground. The temperature of seedbed is two high and two low, and before emergence, the temperature of seedbed is controlled at 28 ~ 30℃ to promote seedling uniformity; Before the first true leaf is unfolded, the seedlings are most likely to grow in vain, and the temperature should be reduced. The bed temperature should be kept between 23 ~ 25℃ during the day and18 ~ 20℃ at night. With the growth of seedlings and the rise of outside temperature, the ventilation openings can be appropriately increased and the ventilation time can be correspondingly prolonged. The seedlings were tempered at low temperature one week before planting, so that the seedlings gradually adapted to external conditions. Amisi Da spray1~ 2 times can be used to prevent diseases at seedling stage. In spring, the seedling age is about 30 days, and 3 leaves are transplanted in one stage.
3. Planting: In the first half month of planting in spring, a shed should be built to cover the sky film and plastic film to increase the ground temperature; Choose sunny weather when planting, and pay attention to heat preservation. When transplanting, water should be poured on the living trees in time, and disease prevention drugs such as Dixon can be used appropriately.
4. Density: Because of the large leaves and thick stems, the cultivation density of cantaloupe can be appropriately thinner. Climbing cultivation, the distance between two vines is about 45 cm, and there are 2 beds in each shed; The planting distance of vertical frame cultivation is about 40 cm, and each shed has 4 ~ 5 beds.
V. Field management
1, temperature and humidity management.
Special attention should be paid to moisture reduction and disease prevention when multi-film covering is used for heat preservation in spring. Try to create a high-light environment, uncover the film frequently under the condition of heat preservation on sunny days to reduce humidity, and keep the greenhouse at 28 ~ 30℃ during the day and not lower than10℃ at night before fruit setting; When the vines grow to the fruit-setting node, proper cooling will promote fruit-setting, and the temperature difference between day and night will be increased during the fruit expansion period to improve the quality.
2. Fertilizer and water management.
According to the growth situation of plants, plant nutrient solution can be sprayed after living trees to promote the growth of trees. When the growth of plants is weak, compound fertilizer leaching solution can be used to increase the application of elongation and coarse fertilizer. When the plant grows to about 1 m, spray 0.1%~ 0.2% borax on the leaves once to promote fruit setting. Top dressing with1~ 2 times during the expansion period of melons and fruits can be applied at the point 30 cm away from the roots, with compound fertilizer10 ~15 kg per mu, or foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. When the fruit ripens half a month before picking melons, it is necessary to stop watering with fertilizer to prevent the fruit from cracking.
3. Pruning, pollination, fruit retention and fruit thinning.
(1) Pruning: Hami melon plants grow vigorously, with big leaves and thick vines. Pruning in Ying Qin will reduce the wound and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
⑵ Pollination: Artificial pollination is used, usually at 7-9 am. Male flowers of the same variety and different plants are selected, petals are broken off, and stamens are evenly and lightly smeared on the stigma of female flowers.
⑶ Fruit-keeping and fruit thinning: Hami melon varieties usually keep fruit at12 ~14 (fairy fruit can be kept earlier, and fruit can be kept at 9), and one melon is kept per vine. When the fruit grows to the size of an egg, according to the growth and development of each fruit, we should comprehensively judge and select one of the correct and robust young melons, and remove the rest, usually topping at 28 ~ 30 nodes.
VI. Prevention and Control of Diseases, Weeds and Pests
Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control", strengthen agricultural control, combine chemical control, observe frequently, use drugs in time, and clean up weeds. Controlling the humidity in the shed and keeping the plants dry are the most effective measures to prevent diseases.
1, the main diseases of Hami melon in greenhouse are: blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew and virus disease.
(1) Wilt disease: At the initial stage of the disease, 500 ~1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl was sprayed comprehensively, or a paste-like liquid medicine made up of thiophanate methyl, antivirus alum and agricultural streptomycin was applied to the affected part. When pruning, if it is rainy or the wound is too big to dry, the above paste liquid medicine should be applied to the wound in time.
⑵ Powdery Mildew: in cultivation, it is necessary to prevent overgrowth and strengthen ventilation. When there is no disease in the early stage, Shigao, thiophanate methyl and other drugs can be used to prevent it, and they can be used alternately; When diseases occur, it is effective to use pesticides such as Xiansheng, Fuxing or sulfur suspension alternately. ⑶ Viral diseases: Aphids, thrips, whiteflies, etc. are all carriers and disseminators of viruses, so pest control should be the first priority. If you find a virus-infected plant, don't touch the infected plant immediately. When all the farming work is finished and you are ready to leave the greenhouse, pull out the infected plant and take it away from the greenhouse. You can choose Junkeduke (8% ningnanmycin Aqueous Solution) and Jiedu to prevent it.
2. The main pests of cantaloupe in greenhouse are whitefly, aphid, melon moth, noctuid, red spider, leaf miner, thrips and so on. Use targeted insecticides, such as Aketai, Aphidine, Imidacloprid, Insecticides, Assam, etc. to spray or hang yellow sticky boards to attract aphids. Seven, timely harvesting
We should strictly grasp the maturity of cantaloupe and harvest it in time. The following are several methods to identify the maturity of cantaloupe:
1, the calculation of fruit development period varies with the characteristics of different varieties. Generally, it takes about 35 days for early-maturing varieties and 50 days for medium-maturing varieties.
2. Aroma. For varieties with aroma, the aroma begins to produce when the fruit matures, and the more mature, the stronger the aroma.
3, the appearance of the fruit. When ripe, the fruit shows its inherent color and pattern.
4. Plant characteristics. The tendrils of the fruit-setting nodes are dry, the mesophyll of the fruit-setting nodes turns green and the leaves turn yellow.