The principles of diet therapy for nephrotic syndrome mainly include six aspects: sodium intake, protein intake, fat intake, supplement of trace elements, proper restriction of calorie intake and dietary taboos. First, when sodium ingests edema, a low-salt diet should be adopted to avoid aggravating edema. Generally, the daily salt content does not exceed 2g, so it is forbidden to pickle food, and monosodium glutamate and alkali should be used less. When the edema subsides and the plasma protein is close to normal, the normal diet can be resumed.
Second, when protein ingested nephrotic syndrome, a large amount of plasma protein was excreted from the urine, and his protein decreased, so he was in a state of malnutrition in protein. Hypoalbuminemia reduces the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, which leads to persistent edema and decreased body resistance. Therefore, in the absence of renal failure, he should be given a high-quality protein diet (2 ~ 2.5g/kg body weight/day) in the early and extreme stages, such as fish and meat, which is helpful to alleviate low protein. Generally choose high-quality protein with high bioavailability such as lean meat, fish, eggs and milk.
1 egg contains about 6g of protein, 1 bowl of milk (about 200ml) contains about 6g of protein, 50g (1 two) lean meat contains about 8g of protein, chicken contains a little more protein than lean meat, and fish is a little less. High-protein diet can increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, and make glomerular capillaries in a state of high pressure. At the same time, intake of a large amount of protein can also increase urinary protein and accelerate glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, for patients with chronic nonpolar nephrotic syndrome, a small amount of high-quality protein (0.7 ~ 2g/kg body weight/day) should be taken, and for patients with chronic renal impairment, a low-protein diet (0.65g/kg body weight/day) should be taken.
Third, patients with fat intake nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia, which can cause arteriosclerosis and glomerular injury and sclerosis. Therefore, the intake of foods rich in cholesterol and fat such as animal viscera and fat should be restricted.
Four. Supplementation of Trace Elements Due to the increased permeability of glomerular basement membrane in patients with nephrotic syndrome, in addition to a large amount of protein in urine, some trace elements and hormones combined with protein are also lost, resulting in the lack of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements in human body, which should be supplemented appropriately. Generally, you can eat vegetables, fruits, miscellaneous grains and seafood rich in vitamins and trace elements to supplement.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) properly restricts calorie intake. In the process of applying adrenal glucocorticoids, children often have a big appetite and their weight often increases sharply due to overeating. Obesity in children sometimes leads to hepatomegaly and fatty liver, so calorie intake should be limited appropriately. In addition, adequate calcium and vitamin D should be supplemented.
Sixth, avoid eating more sour, sweet, bitter, salty and cold products in the diet; Eat less egg yolk, roe, skin and animal offal; Avoid eating shrimp, crabs and pickled products; It is not advisable to drink or smoke. There are many kinds of fruits and vegetables in summer, which are full of color, flavor and taste, which makes people have an appetite. However, patients should strictly follow the diet rules and must not eat more, so as not to increase the burden on the kidneys. Watermelon, for example, can induce diuresis to reduce swelling, clear away heat and relieve summer heat, but excessive urination will also increase the burden on the kidneys, and the accumulation of watermelon sugar in the body is also a potential crisis of the disease. For some children with nephrotic syndrome, they like to quench their thirst with ice cream or iced diet.
If you do it once in a while, you can do it more often. If you are too greedy, it is not good for your situation. Because cold will damage gastrointestinal function, make the spleen and stomach lose health, which is not good for the condition. If acute enteritis occurs due to thirst, it will be repeated or aggravated every time. Therefore, patients with nephrotic syndrome should use cold drinks with caution in summer.