Appreciation of President Peking University's Calligraphy Works
Pictures of calligraphy works of successive presidents of Peking University 1
Pictures of the calligraphy works of all previous principals in Peking University II.
Fig. 3 Calligraphy works of successive principals in Peking University.
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Fig. 4 Calligraphy works of previous principals in Peking University.
Cai Yuanpei, President of Peking University, and China's Calligraphy
China's calligraphy is a unique art form of Chinese characters in China, and it is also the external expression of China's traditional culture. ? A first-class scholar and a model of the world? Influenced by China's traditional culture, Cai Yuanpei set up a calligraphy research institute in Peking University, and took the lead in advocating the establishment of a calligraphy institute. His calligraphy creation is inclusive, which has played a positive role in promoting the development of China's calligraphy art and is an important figure in the history of China's calligraphy.
Cai Yuanpei (1868 ~ 1940), He Qing, Gui Min? Hometown of calligraphy? Calligraphy of Yin Shan (now Shaoxing) in Zhejiang Province. According to his own chronicle: Feibi is the legend of Feibi Workshop. When the right army was here, there was often an old man who wanted to ask questions. One day, the right army was annoyed. As soon as it threw the pen angrily, it flew away. This is why the pen flies to the famous square. ?
? Right army? Namely. Book saint? Wang Xizhi (about 32 1 ~ 379), a man of few words, was born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong Province). He was once the secretariat of Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) and served as the right general. His former residence, Zhu Jie Temple, is adjacent to Cai Yuanpei's former residence.
Cai Yuanpei never left Shaoxing before 18 years old. He is proud of the beautiful landscape of his hometown, right? Neighbors? Wang Xizhi is highly respected. In the Complete Works of Lu Xun? In the preface, Cai Yuanpei quoted Wang Xizhi? On the boulevard, thousands of rock shows and thousands of valleys are full of surprises. Praise the scenery in my hometown? In this environment, famous writers and artists have appeared in all dynasties, such as Wang, his books and his poems, which are especially enduring? .
? Hometown of calligraphy? This cultural atmosphere and the emphasis on calligraphy in imperial examination education had a far-reaching impact on Cai Yuanpei. What's in Cai Yuanpei's chronicle? When I was six years old, I learned calligraphy. I first copied the ink mark or Mr. Wang's model by tracing red, and then I wrote. Is it to choose celebrity posts, read them well and imitate them in other papers? .
Exhibition of Modern Famous Artists' Painting and Calligraphy (third from the right in the front row, Cai Yuanpei)
Cai Yuanpei studied under his aunt in his early years. Huanggu, a writer and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, is famous for her unconventional running script, which shows her personality, such as iron and copper branches, which are like peaks and stones. Cai Yuanpei's Biography is well written. In the "self-written chronicle", he said:? My eight-part essay is composed of classics, ancient word meanings and ancient syntax, which Mr. Qian appreciates very much; Poetry and Fu are sometimes written in Xiao Zhuan, and Mr. Wang appreciates it very much. ? Mr. Qian is the dean of the college, Qian Zhenchang (Qian's father); Mr. Wang is the master of Jinshi who is good at seal cutting and the president of Jishan Academy, Wang Jixiang.
Cai Yuanpei's running script and seal script were far from the popular pavilion style in the imperial examination room at that time. The pavilion is a regular script, belonging to official script, which pays attention to standardization, beauty, neatness and generosity, and emphasizes * * * rather than individuality. So, Cai Yuanpei met him when he was preparing for the entrance examination? Trouble? . 1890 In the spring, 23-year-old Cai Yuanpei was admitted to Gong. According to the provisions of the imperial examination in Qing Dynasty, Gong Shi had to go through re-examination and name listing before entering the palace, and only after passing the examination could he become a scholar. The examination papers of the second interview and the palace examination are presented to the examiner, so calligraphy is more important. Cai Yuanpei did not take part in the re-examination and palace examination, but made up the above-mentioned examination two years later. Why is this?
Li Ciming's diary and Cai Yuanpei's later self-report tell this story. Li Ciming wrote in the diary of 1890:? April 12, the day of the meeting to try to fill in the list, I met two people, Cai Yuanpei and Yu. On April 13th, Cai Jinshi (Yuan Pei) came; Come to Jinshi (Chen Bao). Both of them are young, have never learned regular script, and wait for the second interview. ? Cai Yuanpei also said in "Self-Written Chronicle":? Because the ranking of the entrance examination of the Palace Examination depends on words, I didn't write it myself, so I left it to the Palace Examination. I still went out of Beijing with Xu Jun (Xu Weize). ? It turned out that Cai Yuanpei was worried that his calligraphy style did not match the pavilion style, which would affect his ranking. He plans to go home and practice pavilion style for two years.
However, during the two years when Cai Yuanpei returned to his hometown, he served as the editor-in-chief of Shangyu County Records for a period of time. He was busy studying classics, writing books and writing the Diary of Zhifutang in his hometown of Zhu Xuezhai, and did not spend much time cultivating the museum.
One of Cai Yuanpei's calligraphy
1in the spring of 882, Cai Yuanpei went to Beijing for a second interview, and then took part in palace examination. Fortunately, he won the gold medal list. Recalling that exam, Cai Yuanpei said: In the past two years, I didn't learn Chinese characters, but I wrote casually, but I was regarded as a second-class scholar. Wen was appreciated by Mr. Wang Liumen (the minister of comment on writing, Wang Mingluan). A marking minister said that the words in this volume are not cabinet style. Wang said that he had studied the Yellow River Basin. So everyone circled the back of the paper and put it in dimethyl. ? Later, Cai Yuanpei passed the imperial examination and entered imperial academy.
Ma Xulun's record in The Stone House Continue to Sink also proves that Cai Yuanpei's handwriting at that time was a bit? Aliens? :? He (Cai Yuanpei) entered the Hanlin, and the experimenter liked his volume, commented on his literary talent and said his calligraphy. Ghosts and monsters. ? Ghosts and monsters? The word comes from Du Mu's Preface to Li He's Collection, and its original meaning is illusory and grotesque in Li He's poems. What I mean here is that Cai Yuanpei's calligraphy is unpretentious, which embodies individuality, likes ugliness but doesn't like flattery, and Gu Zhuo is simple, which breaks through the single mode of court calligraphy.
As an academician in the late Qing Dynasty, Cai Yuanpei did not stick to the style of being weak and heavy, which puzzled many scholars at that time.
At a banquet in Peking University, Qian, a well-mannered and outspoken celebrity, suddenly asked rashly: Mr. Cai, a former Qing Dynasty scholar, had to write well in order to get into the exam. Mr. Cai's handwriting is so poor, how can he be admitted with a leisurely smile? Because the examiner liked Huang Tingjian's handwriting best that year, I happened to learn corpus luteum when I was a teenager, so I took the pilot exam. ?
From where? Hometown of calligraphy? Cai Yuanpei pays great attention to the inheritance and development of calligraphy culture while practicing and creating his own calligraphy.
19 17 At the end of the year, Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, initiated and organized the Peking University Calligraphy Research Association, invited Shen as a director and hired Xu Beihong as a tutor of the Calligraphy Research Association.
1918 On April 15, Cai Yuanpei delivered a special speech at the opening ceremony of the National Beijing Academy of Fine Arts, which he advocated, pointing out that? China's paintings and calligraphy are predestined friends, so people who are good at painting are always good at writing? Hope school? When the funds expand, add a calligraphy specialty? And discuss the Peking University Calligraphy Research Association affiliated to the National Academy of Fine Arts.
? May 4th Movement? During this period, the imperial examination system was abolished, and the Chinese calligraphy imperial examination was lost? Stepping stone? The role of; Western learning is spreading to the east, and traditional culture is relatively weak, so calligraphy attached to traditional culture is fragile; Cancel Chinese characters? Pinyin Chinese characters? A rising tide lifts all boats, and words don't exist. How can books be attached? Cai Yuanpei insisted on the establishment of a calligraphy research society when China's calligraphy was seriously impacted in many ways. Calligraphy major? This is of special significance to the development of calligraphy art in China and the opening of calligraphy discipline in schools.
Peking University Calligraphy Research Association is the earliest modern university calligraphy research institution. Chang Ming's calligraphy and Tao Yang's temperament? For this purpose, the school library provides inscriptions for learning and viewing; Daily homework? Teachers should choose grades at any time? . Due to the status of Peking University and the implementation of Cai Yuanpei, similar calligraphy societies were quite popular in Nanjing Jinling University, Shanghai Art College and Hangzhou Art College at that time, which provided an example for calligraphy education.
More importantly, the establishment of Peking University Calligraphy Research Association has enabled calligraphy to enter the research field of Peking University, making Peking University an institution of higher learning with a strong artistic atmosphere and soon becoming the center of national aesthetic education and art education. Later, a number of outstanding calligraphers emerged in Peking University, such as Hu Shi, Luo Zhenyu, Lu Xun, Mao Zedong, Zhu Guangqian, Feng Youlan and Zong Baihua, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's calligraphy.
Until today, Peking University's achievements in the research and development of China's calligraphy are still inseparable? Forever principal? Cai Yuanpei's accomplishment. On June 8, 2003, Peking University Calligraphy Art Research Institute was established. Return to the classics, enter the Wei and Jin Dynasties, be honest and innovative, and be upright? For the policy, continue the concept of calligraphy culture put forward by Cai Yuanpei.
Cai Yuanpei's love and admiration for calligraphy art is closely related to his aesthetic education thought. At the same time, Cai Yuanpei brought calligraphy into the important content of aesthetic education, which also provided theoretical support for the prosperity and development of calligraphy in China. In the history of calligraphy in the Republic of China, Sun Xun thought that Cai Yuanpei's? Aesthetic education? It created a strong academic atmosphere for the development and prosperity of calligraphy in the Republic of China.
Cai Yuanpei is the founder of modern art education in China. First of all, will he? Aesthetic education? The word was introduced into China: The word aesthetic education was translated from German Asthetische Erziehung in the first year of the Republic of China, but it didn't exist before. ? In 19 12, the first chief of education in the Republic of China, Cai Yuanpei listed aesthetic education, national education, utilitarian education, civic moral education and world outlook education as? Five educations? Education policy; 1965438+In April 2007, when the president of Peking University took office, he proposed again? Replace religion with aesthetic education? And personally set up aesthetics courses at Peking University.
Cai Yuanpei hopes to use the platform of Peking University Calligraphy Research Association to promote his ideal of aesthetic education, and at the same time, he hopes that art and calligraphy can get scientific help and scientifically promote the rapid development of calligraphy art. He said:? Art, besides music, such as Chinese painting and calligraphy, is also relatively developed. However, without the help of science, it is impossible to have sophisticated technology and systematic theory and husband. ?
193 1 year1October, Cai Yuanpei pointed out in the long article "China Painting and Calligraphy". China fine arts, with calligraphy and painting as its main products? The close relationship between painting and calligraphy is also discussed. Homologous? 、? Tools * * * pass? 、? Parallel evolution? 、? Mutual influence? , and list? The evolution of books? The second chapter discusses the origin and development of calligraphy: in the Han Dynasty, seal script, official script and three-body script were the most popular. Since the Jin dynasty, competition has been a model law, supplemented by grass. Other bodies are only used occasionally. ? In the article, Cai Yuanpei also introduced the important calligraphers in China, and made a brief evaluation of their works.
In Cai Yuanpei's eyes, calligraphy is an art. In the early 1930s, there was a heated debate between vernacular Chinese and classical Chinese. Calligraphy is not art? . Cai Yuanpei's attitude towards total westernization? Cancel Chinese characters? Defend radical views and maintain the status and legitimacy of China's calligraphy in culture. Cai Yuanpei pointed out in his article My Experience in Peking University: I believe that academic factions are relative, not absolute. For example, when we write, it is natural to write in block letters for application. If Jiang Yunding uses seal script to write prescriptions, of course not; If you write couplets of fighting squares or screens for people and make decorations, why not write seal script? ?
Here, Cai Yuanpei makes a scientific distinction between the application attribute and the artistic attribute of calligraphy, which is still of great significance for how to better inherit and innovate China's calligraphy art today with the rapid development of science and technology and the practicality of writing can be replaced by computers.
Cai Yuanpei's second calligraphy
Cai Yuanpei, as Liu Yazi said, peace is sincere, but it makes people feel like a spring breeze. When faced with the inscriptions or asked them to write letters to introduce the workers, most of them readily accepted the orders, so his calligraphy works and handwriting spread all over the world, especially the eight-part essay (letter). Zheng zai recorded "za za, Cai Yuanpei? In his later years, he lived in the sea and was sent to read and write. People who seek their own Mo Bao will work hard every day, accumulate over a long period, and fill their rooms with accumulated elements. Gai Cai whispers? Lazy? Afraid to deal with them one by one? .
Cai Yuanpei's calligraphy creation is tolerant, graceful and generous. He is famous for his running script and is good at opening and closing seals. 198 1 year, Zhejiang Library photocopied a copy of Mr. Cai Yumin's Handwriting, 1988, and Qigong and Mou Xiaoniu also compiled a copy of Mr. Cai Yuanpei's Handwriting, which created conditions for people to appreciate his calligraphy more deeply today. Shen Dingan, a famous calligrapher in China and honorary president of Lanting Bookstore, believes that Cai Yuanpei is good at regular script and running script. His style swept away the rules and regulations of the book circle under the imperial examination system in Qing Dynasty, and embodied the rhythm of calligraphy with the natural change of line thickness and the fluctuation of pen. The words in the book tend to be low on the left and high on the right, showing an oblique direction. The overall layout is a combination of reality and reality, and the density is appropriate. The whole article is well organized and looks forward to life. gfd. But up to now, there is no special book on Cai Yuanpei's calligraphy, and the research on his calligraphy art is also very lacking. Can't say it's not a pity.
Liu Xizai said? Books, such as also. If you study, if you are talented, if you are ambitious, in short, if you are a person. ? Cai Yuanpei was an academician of the former Qing Dynasty. He studied philosophy, literature, fine arts and industrial calligraphy at Leipzig University, and was good at poetry and prose. Peking University, President of the Republic of China, Director of the Central Supervision Bureau and President of Academia Sinica. The calligraphy training of old-style education, profound knowledge of Chinese studies and the spirit of tolerance and openness have cultivated the atmosphere. Cai Yuanpei's calligraphy art features reflect his academic accomplishment, personality and aesthetic thoughts, and have special aesthetic value.
Sun Xun pointed out in the book History of Calligraphy in the Republic of China:? During the Republic of China, all politicians were able to take the lead in promoting the art of calligraphy. Some political celebrities are also famous scholars and literati, such as Cai Yuanpei, Liang Qichao, Zhang, Zhang, Zou Lu and so on. Their political status and calligraphy status complement each other, and they are also concerned in the field of calligraphy history and calligraphy collection. ?
Cai Yuanpei was a mentor of the New Culture Movement in the early 20th century and a banner of modern cultural celebrities in China. In addition to artistic value, his books have high historical, documentary and cultural value, and his auction market is also rising. In 2009, Cai Yuanpei's running script "Vertical Axis", a seven-character rhythmic poem, sold for a sky-high price of 336,000 yuan in The Guardian, which was 10 times higher than the estimated price. In 20 10, one of his running script eight-character couplets was popular in Beijing, and finally it was sold at12.32 million yuan, breaking through the million-dollar mark.
Cai Yuanpei is indifferent to fame and fortune, and leads an honest and clean life. He devoted himself to China's calligraphy art instead of pursuing its economic value. Nowadays, Cai Yuanpei's calligraphy is sought after, which reflects the admiration of the world and the love of Chinese people for China's calligraphy culture. This should be the most gratifying thing for Mr. Cai Yuanpei!