Because dogs may carry rabies virus, rabies virus is mainly transmitted through blood and body fluids. After being bitten by a dog with rabies virus, the nerves and body fluids of chickens can also be infected with this virus. But this chicken can be eaten when it is cooked.
Rabies virus is RNA virus, belonging to Rhabdoviridae. One end is blunt and round, and the other end is flat, which looks like a bullet. There are two kinds of rabies virus strains: one is a natural virus strain that can cause rabies, and its virulence is strong, which is called natural virus or street virus; One is a virus strain that passes through the rabbit brain many times, which is called an immobilized virus.
The pathogenicity of immobilized virus to human is obviously weakened, but it still maintains good antigenicity. After being injected into human body, it can stimulate antibody production and can be used to prepare vaccines. The virus has weak resistance, and can be inactivated at 56℃ for 30 minutes or100℃ for 2 minutes, but it can maintain its viability for several weeks and years below 4℃ and 0℃ respectively.
General disinfection methods, such as sun exposure, ultraviolet rays, formaldehyde and quaternary ammonium disinfectants (bromogeramine, etc. ) can kill it, so the wound bitten by rabies can be washed with bromogeramine. Rabies virus can grow in chicken embryo, duck embryo, suckling mouse brain and various tissue cultures (such as human diploid cells and hamster kidney cells). ), so this method can be used to isolate viruses from patients or sick animals and prepare vaccines. All warm-blooded animals can be infected with the disease, but the main source of infection in most areas is sick dogs (about 90%), followed by sick cats and sick wolves.
In areas where rabies in dogs and cats has been controlled, the main sources of infection are wild animals, such as foxes and skunks in Western Europe and North America, blood-sucking bats and insect-eating bats in Central and South America. Patients are unlikely to infect healthy people, so we should also pay attention to isolation. Saliva from a sick dog, wolf, etc. Contains more viruses and is contagious a few days before the onset. The virus mainly enters the human body through biting wounds.