Cherry is suitable for living in deep, fertile and loose sandy soil with an average temperature of 15 ~ 16℃.
Cherry in China is weak in cold resistance and likes warm and humid climate, so it is suitable for cultivation in the place where the annual average temperature is 15 ~ 16℃. Sweet cherries like cold and dry. The natural dormancy period of cherry is about 80 ~ 100 days. The chilling requirement of sweet cherry for complete dormancy below 7.2℃ is 1 100 ~ 1300 hours. Sour cherry needs 1200 ~ 2500 hours. China cherry has a short dormancy period, and it is easy to germinate when the temperature warms up in late winter and early spring. If you encounter "late spring cold" (frost or snow), the flower organs will be frozen, which will seriously affect the yield and even the grain will not be harvested.
Therefore, in the development, we must pay attention to whether the time when the local cold wave strikes in spring coincides with the flowering period, and we can't plant cherries in places where adverse weather (frost, snowfall, strong wind) occurs all the year round. Even in places where disastrous weather rarely occurs, it is necessary to choose suitable small terrain for planting when building gardens.
The annual rainfall suitable for cherry growth is generally 700 ~1000 mm. How to solve the problem of "early spring" should be fully considered when building gardens in some areas in the south. Because in the early stage of fruit growth, drought will cause serious fruit drop and affect fruit growth and development.
Cherry is a light-loving tree species. China cherry is more shade-tolerant, but it has good illumination, early fruit ripening and good coloring.
Cherry is suitable for cultivation in deep, fertile and loose sandy soil. The pH value of soil is generally 6.0 ~ 7.5.
Cherry is afraid of waterlogging, drought, wind and freezing. It is suitable for planting in areas with annual average temperature above 10 ~ 13℃. The temperature changes little in early spring, and it is cool and dry in summer, with moderate rainfall and sufficient sunshine.
The warm temperate East Asian monsoon continent has a semi-humid climate with moderate annual temperature, abundant rainfall, long frost-free period and early final frost period. The average annual temperature is about 12℃, the rainfall is more than 700 mm, and the frost-free period is about 250 days, which is suitable for cherry cultivation.
Extended data:
Cherry tree is a small deciduous tree of Rosaceae and Prunus, and its height can reach 8 meters. The leaves are ovoid to ovoid-elliptic, 7~ 12cm long, sharp at the apex, round at the base, with serrated edges of different sizes, glands between teeth, hairless or hairless at the top and sparse at the back.
The flowers are white, with a diameter of about 1.5~2.5cm, and the calyx tube is hairy; 3~6 clusters form racemes. The fruit is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 1~ 1.5cm, and is red. Flowers bloom in March.
Cherry tree belongs to Rosaceae, Prunus, and is a deciduous tree or shrub. Cherry is also known as cherry, Han Tao, Niu Tao, Zhu Ying, wheat cherry, wax cherry and cliff honey. Prunus of Rosaceae is a small deciduous tree with a height of 8 meters. The leaves are ovoid to ovoid-elliptic, 7~ 12cm long, sharp at the apex, round at the base, with serrated edges of different sizes, glands between teeth, hairless or hairless at the top and sparse at the back.
The flowers are white, with a diameter of 1.5~2.5cm, and the calyx tube is hairy; 3~6 clusters form racemes. The fruit is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 1~ 1.5cm, and is red. Flowering in March, flowering first and then growing leaves; Fruit ripens from May to June.
Peaches have a history of more than 3000 years. Cherry seeds were found in the tombs of the Warring States period excavated in 1965, and were scientifically identified as China cherries. Cherry, as a courtyard, was widely planted all over the world, and it was not expanded to commercial cultivation until the middle of this century. Today, Russia, Germany, the United States and Italy produce the most cherries, occupying almost the entire international market.
Cherry is widely distributed in China. Liaoning in the north, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan in the south and Gansu and Xinjiang in the west, but most of them are planted in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing and Hebei. Most plants in the cold regions of Northeast and Northwest China are Prunus tomentosa. In addition, there are three big and sweet European cherries imported from Liaoning and Yantai. But the history is relatively short, only over a hundred years.
Cherry cultivated in China can be divided into four categories: China cherry, sweet cherry, sour cherry and hairy cherry, with China cherry and sweet cherry as the main cultivation objects. There are about 50 varieties of cherries in China, and the main excellent varieties are "short-handled cherry" in Zhuji, Zhejiang, "topaz cherry" in Longkou, Shandong, "golden red cherry" in Taihe, Anhui, "drooping cherry" in Nanjing, Jiangsu and "Hanyuan cherry" in Sichuan.
Cherry trees are characterized by rapid growth. The growth, flowering and fruiting of branches and leaves are concentrated in the first half of the growing season. During this period, we should grow and bear many fruits. Trees consume a lot of nutrients, and flower bud differentiation is mostly completed in a short time after fruit picking.
The main pests and diseases that harm cherry trees are mulberry white scale, stickleback moth, pink-necked longicorn beetle, apple winged moth, stinkbug with golden edge, chafer, pear moth, anthracnose, cherry leaf spot, bacterial perforation, gummosis, root and neck rot and so on. Comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control it. When pruning in winter, cut off the branches of diseases and pests and burn them, and spray Bubomei 5-degree stone sulfur mixture once when falling leaves; Spraying 40% dimethoate 1200 times solution and 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times solution each 1 time before the leaves of spring shoots stop growing; Spray 50% Marathon Emulsion 1000 times solution and 65% zineb 400-500 times solution once each in July and August.
Cherry grafting takes cherry seedlings, cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms, etc. As rootstock, excellent cherry varieties as scions are selected before germination in spring. The best rootstocks and scions are the same or similar in thickness and can be used for splitting or butting.
When grafting by split grafting, select the upper part of the grafting position on the rootstock, cut off the redundant branches on the upper part with sharp scissors, and split the remaining "piles" with a knife. The opening is about 2-3 cm deep and the scion is about 10 cm long.
Quickly cut the scion into wedges on both sides and insert it into the split; After the molding layer is aligned, it shall be firmly bound with plastic film strips, and there shall be no air holes. First of all, put it in a cool and ventilated place, sprinkle water on the ground to keep the environment high and humid, or use plastic bags to keep it moist, and then ventilate it in time according to the temperature change, so as not to let the temperature in the bag be too high. Plastic bags should be removed when new buds grow. Move the plants to a sunny place. It is wise to water between dry and wet.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-cherry tree