2. The life habits of pheasants. Pheasants are adaptable and widely distributed, and they are found in almost all parts of the world. Pheasants have the habit of small-scale vertical migration with seasonal changes. In summer, they live in bushes at the edge of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests with higher altitude, and in autumn, they move to sheltered and sunny places with lower altitude. Pheasants eat all kinds of food, mainly plants. They like to eat shoots, seeds and fruits of plants, beans and cereals, and occasionally they prey on insects. Pheasants eat less and like to eat less and eat more. Pheasant's wings are not good at flying, and it can't take off after several ups and downs. Pheasants are good at running and jumping. Pheasants reach maturity in 10 ~ 1 1 month and begin to breed. May-June is the peak of pheasant breeding, and two broods are produced every year, each brood is 10 ~ 15. Eggs weigh 25 ~ 28g, mostly pale yellow oval.
3. For the construction of farms, pheasant farms should be selected in places that are conducive to dry drainage, leeward facing the sun, no pollution sources, convenient transportation, not close to villages, factories and mines, and relatively quiet and hygienic water and electricity supply. Each henhouse should be 32 square meters. Scale farming, each henhouse is 36 meters long, 8 meters wide and 2 meters high. There is a playground in front of the henhouse. Each henhouse is separated by nylon net or barbed wire, and there is a cover net on it to prevent it from flying away. From July to August, when the weather is hot, you should build a shed for shade.
4. brooding rooms are divided into two types: plane type and net box type, which require good thermal insulation performance and are conducive to ventilation and exhaust gas. Each plane brooding room is 20 meters long, 5 meters wide and 2.5 ~ 2.8 meters high, and is divided into four rooms with fiberboard or brick. There is a corridor on one side of each room, and the top is equipped with heat insulation board. The foot of the wall is about 30 cm from the ground, and the top of the wall is provided with windows for ventilation. Each room is equipped with a hot umbrella, or 8 infrared light bulbs are used as the heat source. The floor is covered with chaff. Each room can raise 400 ~ 500 chickens, and each building can raise 1600 ~ 2000 chickens.
5. Cage brooding room is equipped with rows of cages indoors, which is convenient for management, improves brooding density and reduces fecal contact and gastrointestinal diseases. The cage is 100 cm long, 50 cm wide and 45 cm high. The bottom net is required to be 3× 1 cm or 1× 1 cm, and the side net is 3× 1 cm or 2× 1 cm. Each cage can keep 40 chickens.
6. Each small net house is 25m long, 5m wide and 1.8m high. There is a connected playground on the south side of the poultry house, which is 2.5m long, 3m wide and1.8m high. Each building is divided into five rooms with nylon net, and Skynet is installed on it. The grid is 1.5× 1.5 cm. The house has a brick floor with sand on it. Each room can raise 150 ~ 200.
7. Each adult chicken coop is 40m long, 5m wide and 2.4m high. The peripheral sports field is 40m long, 7.5m wide and1.8 ~ 2m high. Each building is divided into 10 rooms with a mesh of 3×3 cm. The ground in the house is made of brick, and the playground is padded with sand. There are 50 ~ 70 animals in each room.
8, feeding utensils, incubators can use domestic chicken electric incubator, brooding equipment brooding rack, brooding cage, electric heater, brooding umbrella, etc. The feeding trough and sink of feeding utensils are welded with galvanized iron sheets. There are two kinds of drinking fountains: tower and square plate.
9. Feeding management According to the growth characteristics of pheasants, its feeding management can be roughly divided into three stages, namely, brooding period, youth period and growth period. Incubation period: from incubation to desuperheating, generally about 42 days. This stage is the early stage of pheasant heat preservation and it is difficult for pheasant to raise for a period of time. In order to improve the survival rate, please pay attention to the following points: regulating temperature, proper ventilation and heat preservation are the keys to brooding. The floor of the brooding room or brooding box can be padded with chaff, and thermal umbrella or infrared lamp can be used as the heat source. The temperature should be controlled at: 35℃ for the first three days, and then it will drop every two days. After 10, it should be controlled flexibly according to the situation. The relative temperature is generally 65%. Indoor air should be kept fresh, but air doors should be set to prevent thieves from entering.
10, eat chicken in time. When the feathers are dry, move them to the nursery or incubator. After 24 hours, you should replenish water in time and start eating. At first, it was fed with 0.0 1% potassium permanganate water, and the water temperature was close to room temperature. Mix 5% glucose and 0. 1% vitamin C with a small amount of feed within one week. After that, 1 ~ 2-week-old chicks were fed/kloc-0 every 2 ~ 3 hours, 8 times a day; 3 ~ 5 weeks old, feed it five times a day, and then feed it three times a day.
1 1, chicks should not be too big in time, and they should be grouped with age. General 1 m2, 1 ~ 10 days old,1~ 20 days old, 40 ~ 50 chickens. At the same time, pay attention to the separation of strength and weakness to keep the growth of chickens consistent.
12, Marek's disease vaccine was injected before inoculation, H 120 was used for drinking water at 7 days old, Newcastle disease IV vaccine was used at 14 days old, and Newcastle disease IV vaccine was used again at 30 days old.
13, youth: young pheasants aged from 42 days to 120 days. During this period, the growth rate is the fastest, and the daily gain can reach 10 ~ 15g. If it is a meat commodity, it can be listed after the expiration of the feeding period at this stage. Pheasants are omnivorous birds, mainly plant seeds (such as barley, corn, weed seeds, etc. ), tender grass and tender vegetables. In order to make pheasants meet the best growth and reproduction requirements, it is best to provide balanced compound feed according to the nutritional needs of pheasants at different stages and growth stages. Pheasants have a small yield and can hold a small amount of food. Therefore, it is necessary to feed a small amount for many times. Each pheasant needs 70 ~ 100 grams of standard ingredients every day, accompanied by a proper amount of tender grass or vegetables.
14, adult period: 10 Months old pheasants are adult chickens. Breeding chickens can be divided into mating preparation period, 1 ~ 3 months; Spawning period, April-July; Molting overwintering period, August ~ 65438+February. During the laying period, feeding domestic eggs with complete chicken feed requires the highest nutritional level; The nutritional level of mating period and wintering period is the same. 20% ~ 25% animal feed is added to the diet during the laying period to meet the needs of reproduction and large consumption during the laying period. The daily feeding frequency of adult pheasants varies with seasons, three times a day in spring, summer and autumn, and twice a day in winter. Clean the sink 1 time every day and provide drinking water 1 time. Adult chickens are kept in large net houses, with 2 chickens per square meter1~. It is best to have 100 chickens. When laying eggs, the net room floor should be padded with fine sand with a thickness of 0.5 cm, and the pheasant beak should be broken once to prevent the eggs from being caught. At the same time, during laying eggs, keep the fence quiet to prevent panic groups from affecting laying eggs, and pick out the laid eggs in time to prevent them from being broken. When molting and overwintering, we should keep the seeds in groups according to the amount of eggs laid, break the beak again, keep the appropriate temperature and overwinter safely.
15, spawning time, usually from the early morning of 10 to 3 pm. The ratio of male to female is 4∶ 1 or 5∶ 1, and mating can be achieved in the middle of April, with high spawning rate and mating rate. In the battle between cocks, choose the strong as the male species, the strong as the prince, and try to increase the number of mating. The number of hatched eggs is small, and domestic chickens can hatch. Artificial incubation and various heat sources (kang incubation, water incubation, lamp incubation and electric incubation) are widely used. Hatching depends on the quality of eggs; The second is to look at temperature and humidity; The third is to look at the operation method. Eggs should not be stored for more than 5 days, and the blastoderm will age after a long time. The suitable storage temperature is 65438 08℃ and the relative humidity is 70% ~ 80%. Eggs should be placed on the egg storage tray with the big head up. The storage time is more than 5 ~ 7 days, and the eggs are turned 1 ~ 2 times a day. Eggs should be fumigated with formalin, sprayed with bromogeramine and soaked in potassium permanganate for disinfection. The temperature during hatching should not exceed that of domestic chickens. Generally 1 ~ 20 days, the temperature is 37 ~ 37.5℃ and the relative humidity is 65% ~ 70%. The incubation period is 2 1 ~ 24 days, the temperature drops to 37℃, and the relative humidity increases to 70% ~ 75%. After 1 ~ 20 days of incubation, turn 1 time every 2 hours at a 90-degree angle, 8 ~ 12 times a day, so that the embryos are evenly heated. During the incubation period of 7 ~ 20 days, excess heat energy should be released in time, and eggs should be baked every day for 10 minutes. The first egg test was conducted on the 7th to 8th day to observe the fertilization of eggs, and to detect azoospermic eggs and dead sperm eggs. /kloc-check for the second time from 0/9 to 20 days, and take out the stillborn eggs, that is, the hairy eggs.
16, pay attention to the temperature change during incubation, record 1 time within 2 hours, keep the humidity ratio well, and ventilate the incubation room. After 23 days of incubation, a large number of larvae are hatched and shelled, and the larvae are put into the hatchery for about 2 hours. After the feathers are dried, put them into the incubator, and take the chicks for inspection every 2 hours 1 time.
17. How to make colorful pheasants breed out of season? The breeding law of colorful pheasants in the United States generally begins to lay eggs from April to May every year, and basically stops production in September. Because it takes 4 ~ 5 months for pheasants to grow to market, their market time is concentrated from September to 65438+ 10 of the following year. According to China's climate characteristics and traditional habits, September ~ 65438+February is the off-season of market demand, but February ~ May is the best-selling season, and its sales price is more than 2 times higher than that in the off-season. Therefore, the general profit of pheasant farmers listed in the off-season is flat. But the households listed in the peak season are profitable, which ordinary households can't do. Based on the practice of raising pheasants for more than 10 years, the production and marketing department of rare birds and game of a company in Shanghai has cultivated a large number of pheasant varieties that breed out of season through continuous screening for many years, so that pheasants can lay eggs and breed all year round, and pheasant products are listed all year round, which greatly increases the economic benefits. The main technical measures are as follows: (1) to obtain the pheasant population that lays eggs out of season. These pheasant breeds are derived from the last batch of pheasant seedlings in summer and autumn, generally at 65438+. The seedlings left in February generally start production in June 10 and stop production in March, and each hen lays about 100 ~ 120 eggs. After 4 ~ 5 months, the hatched seedlings will be put on the market in June 1, which is the best sales season for commercial pheasants. Meanwhile, eggs will be put on the market on June 65438. Raising out-of-season pheasant breeder
18, it is best for roosters to seed 1 month in advance, so that hens can mature synchronously when they give birth and facilitate mating; At the same time, roosters should avoid meeting relatives, which is beneficial to improve the hatching rate, reduce weak chicks and improve varieties. In the breeding stage, you can choose laying hen feed and add additives such as fish meal, vitamin A and vitamin D. It can be raised indoors in severe cold in winter, with light 16 hours per day.
19, precautions, reasonable feeding. Farmers who feed pheasants with raw grain can appropriately increase the feeding ratio of corn, sorghum and other energy feeds (recommended formula: corn 40%, wheat 15%, fried peas 20%, rapeseed cake 15%, husk 5%, rice bran 4%, bone meal 1%, and each ton of feed contains salt. Buy domestic chicken feed to feed broiler growth materials to ensure adequate drinking water. In addition, 10% ~ 20% green feed can be added. Let pheasants take a sand bath at least once a week and spray 2% trichlorfon solution in river sand to kill ectoparasites. Control density. At the initial stage of fattening (5 ~ 1 1 week-old), you can raise/kloc-0 ~12 pheasants per square meter, and then gradually reduce the density to 6 ~ 8 pheasants per square meter according to sex, strength and size. At the same time, enough waste grain should be set up to make it feed evenly and grow consistently. Establish a habitat to prevent pecking. Habitat racks should be placed inside and outside the fattening pheasant house for pheasants to climb and stop, which not only makes full use of feeding space, but also helps to reduce pheasant pecking habits. Pheasants found pecked should be coated with purple syrup or camphor ointment and kept in isolation. If necessary, control pheasants. The methods are as follows: ① Hang grass or vegetables in the house to lure pheasant vegetables, disperse their energy of pecking at feathers, and supplement vitamins and cellulose at the same time. ② At the age of 9 ~11week, 1% feather powder can be added to the feed. ③ The salt in feed should be increased to 2.5%, or salt should be added to drinking water to ensure adequate water supply.
20. Fly backwards. Try to keep the venue quiet, refuse to visit, and reduce the influence of external factors. In order to prevent accidental flight injury or death, the primary flight feathers on one side of the pheasant can be cut off. Do a good job in epidemic prevention. The pheasant house should be cleaned every day and disinfected once a week with disinfectant such as Baidusha. Pheasants aged 8 ~ 9 weeks should be inoculated with Newcastle disease vaccine in drinking water to prevent cholera or coccidiosis in poultry.