Chronic lymphadenitis
Most of them have obvious infection focus, and they are often localized lymph node enlargement, with pain and tenderness, generally less than 2 ~ 3 cm in diameter, which will shrink after anti-inflammatory treatment. Enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes, especially long-standing flat lymph nodes, is of little significance. However, the enlargement of cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes with no obvious cause indicates systemic lymphoproliferative diseases, which should be paid attention to and further examined.
tuberculous lymphadenitis
Fever, hyperhidrosis, fatigue, and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate are more common in young adults. Often accompanied by pulmonary tuberculosis, lymph nodes are uneven in texture, some parts are light (caseous degeneration), some parts are hard (fibrosis or calcification), and they adhere to each other and to the skin, so the mobility is poor. These patients are positive for tuberculin test and tuberculosis antibody in blood.
malignant lymphoma
It can also be seen in any age group, and its lymph node enlargement is often painless and progressive, ranging from soybean to jujube with medium hardness. Generally, it does not adhere to the skin, but does not fuse with each other in the early and middle stages, and can move. In the late stage, lymph nodes can grow to be very large, or they can fuse into large blocks with a diameter of more than 20cm, which invade the skin and will not heal for a long time after rupture. In addition, it can invade mediastinum, liver, spleen and other organs, including lung, digestive tract, bone, skin, breast and nervous system. The diagnosis requires a biopsy. Clinically, malignant lymphoma is often misdiagnosed. Superficial lymphadenopathy is the first manifestation, and 70% ~ 80% of them are diagnosed as lymphadenitis or lymph node tuberculosis at the initial diagnosis, which delays the treatment.
Castleman disease
It is a rare disease that is easy to be misdiagnosed. Often manifested as unexplained lymphadenopathy, mainly invading the chest, most of which is mediastinum, but also invading the hilum and lungs. Other invaded sites are neck, retroperitoneum, pelvic cavity, armpit and soft tissue. It is often misdiagnosed as thymoma, plasmacytoma and malignant lymphoma. Understanding the pathological and clinical manifestations of this disease is very important for early diagnosis.
Pseudolymphoma
Often occurring outside lymph nodes, such as pseudolymphoma of orbit and stomach and lymphoid polyp of digestive tract, can form masses. It is generally considered to be reactive hyperplasia, caused by inflammation.
Lymph node metastasis
Lymph nodes are often hard and uneven in texture, and the primary focus can be found. It is rarely systemic lymphadenopathy.
Acute leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Lymph node enlargement is also common, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. It has an acute clinical onset, often accompanied by fever, hemorrhage, hepatosplenomegaly, sternal tenderness, etc. Hematology and bone marrow puncture examination can make a definite diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
sarcoidosis
It is rare in China, and it often invades bilateral hilum, radiating, accompanied by long-term low fever. Lymph nodes can be swollen all over the body, especially around the ear, under the jaw and beside the trachea. It is difficult to differentiate it from malignant lymphoma in clinic.
Infectious mononucleosis is more common in young and middle-aged men and is caused by EB virus. However, patients are usually in good condition, ranging from fever and systemic lymphadenopathy to mild splenomegaly. There are heteromorphic lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and the diagnosis can be made by positive heterophilic agglutination test.
Serum sickness is a disease that occurs after patients use serum products (tetanus antitoxin, rabies vaccine, etc.). Lymph node enlargement is the first clinical symptom in a few patients. However, most of the lymph nodes at the injection site and above the trochlea were swollen first. According to the injection history, fever, rash and eosinophilia, it can be diagnosed.
Lymph node enlargement is very common. The above-mentioned causes of 10 diseases are hoped to give you enlightenment, timely treatment, diagnosis and differentiation, so as to get timely and effective treatment.
I may have had such an experience at ordinary times: when my foot is swollen or inflamed after injury, my groin will also feel pain. If you touch it carefully, you will touch one or several "small bumps" the size of broad beans under the skin, which are hard and painful, and that is lymph nodes. When bacteria enter your blood vessels from the injured area, lymph nodes, the "sentinel against the enemy", first fight back against the bacteria to prevent the "enemy" from going deep. As each lymphocyte "eats" a large number of bacteria, its "belly" becomes bigger and bigger, and the whole lymph node will be swollen and painful. Therefore, lymph nodes are important immune organs of the body. Lymph nodes are also an alarm device in the human body, and lymph node enlargement may be the external manifestation of a disease.
Bacterial infection: acute inflammation in the mouth and face often causes swelling of mandibular lymph nodes. The swollen lymph nodes are soft in texture and have good mobility, and generally can gradually return to normal with the disappearance of inflammation.
Virus infection: measles, infectious mononucleosis, etc. can all cause lymphadenopathy. Sometimes lymphadenopathy has important diagnostic value, such as rubella, which often causes retrooccipital lymphadenopathy.
Lymph node tuberculosis: cervical lymph node enlargement is the most common, some will rupture, and some will not rupture, which is sometimes difficult to distinguish from lymphoma in clinic. The diagnosis method is to do lymph node puncture, smear and biopsy in many places and find out the primary focus of tuberculosis.
Metastatic carcinoma of lymph nodes: This kind of lymph nodes is very hard, without tenderness and activity, especially in patients with gastric cancer and esophageal cancer, and the small lymph nodes on the clavicle can be palpated. Breast cancer patients should always touch axillary lymph nodes to determine whether the tumor has metastasized.
Leukemia: The lymphadenopathy of this disease is systemic, but it is most obvious in the neck, armpit and groin. In addition to lymphadenopathy, patients also have anemia, persistent fever, and a large number of immature cells will appear in blood and bone marrow.
Lymphoma: lymph node enlargement is more common in neck. Lymphoma is a primary tumor in lymph nodes or lymphoid tissues, and there are some lesions other than lymph nodes, such as tonsil, nasopharynx, gastrointestinal tract and spleen.
The enlargement of lymph nodes can also lead to connective tissue diseases such as lupus erythematosus. Another example is allergic diseases and poisonous insect stings. Therefore, lymphadenopathy can not be ignored, especially when persistent lymphadenopathy is found, doctors should be invited as soon as possible.
Lymphadenopathy can be divided into two types: painful and painless. Painful swelling is more common in acute suppurative infection, and the infected area can be eliminated after proper treatment. Diseases that cause painless swelling are often stubborn, difficult to find and harmful. Generally, it is more common in tuberculosis infection, lymphoma, tumor metastasis to lymph nodes, and blood diseases (such as leukemia).
Lymph nodes are all over the body and can only be touched in superficial special parts. Such as submaxillary, neck, supraclavicular fossa, armpit and groin are the easiest to touch. When a woman suffers from breast cancer, swollen lymph nodes can be felt around her breasts and armpits.
The correct touch method is: put the index finger and middle finger together and touch them up, down, left and right. If you feel round, oval, or rope-like lymph nodes under the skin, you should go to a regular hospital for diagnosis immediately.
Lymphatic system is the body's natural defense organization, which can resist infection and toxin invasion. Superficial lymph nodes exist in the neck, armpit, groin, behind the knees and before and after the ears.
The most common cause of lymphadenopathy in children is infection. The location of the swelling depends on the location of the infection. Laryngeal and ear infections may cause cervical lymph nodes to swell, and head infections may cause lymph nodes behind ears to swell; Hand or arm infection can make axillary lymph nodes swell; Foot and leg infections can cause inguinal lymph node enlargement.
The most common child is cervical lymphadenopathy. It is easy for the mother to notice this part of the child, and she can rest assured after taking the child to the doctor for examination.
For most people, sore throat, cold, tooth inflammation (abscess), ear infection or insect bite are all causes of lymphadenopathy.
However, if lymphadenopathy appears in the middle of the front of the neck or just above the clavicle, you will
Causes other than infection, such as tumor, cyst or thyroid dysfunction, must be considered.
When most mothers see lymph node enlargement in their children's neck, the first thing they think of is tumor, which is a natural reaction. Tumor is indeed a cause of lymph node enlargement in children, but infection is the more common cause. In this regard, blood and urine tests, X-ray examination, skin test and biopsy examination can confirm the doctor's rash.