1. Influenza: It is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, and it is also a highly contagious and fast-spreading disease. It is mainly spread through droplets in the air, contact between people or contact with contaminated items. Typical clinical symptoms are: sudden high fever, general pain, obvious fatigue and mild respiratory symptoms. Generally, autumn and winter are its high incidence period.

2. Chickenpox: The patient is contagious from 2 days before the eruption to 6 days after the eruption. There may be precursor symptoms such as fever, headache and general burnout in the early stage of onset, and a rash appears within 24 hours of onset. The distribution of rash is centripetal, that is, there are more trunks and heads and fewer limbs. In most cases, patients have mild symptoms and can be cured without treatment.

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3. Mumps: The patient is contagious from 6-7 days before parotid gland enlargement to 9 days after parotid gland enlargement. At the beginning of the disease, there may be precursor symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue and loss of appetite. 1-2 days after the onset, there will be pain in the zygomatic arch or ear, and then there will be salivary gland enlargement, usually one or both parotids.

4. Rubella: The secretion of the upper respiratory tract of the patient is contagious before eruption 1 week to 2 weeks after eruption. The main clinical manifestations are fever, rash, lymphadenopathy and conjunctivitis, and the course of disease is short.

5. Epidemic meningitis: purulent meningitis caused by meningococcus. The clinical manifestations are fever, headache, vomiting, ecchymosis of skin and mucosa, ecchymosis and stiff neck. The main cause of this disease.

It can spread directly from the air through droplets such as coughing, sneezing and talking. It can occur all year round, but it is more common in winter and spring. Different infectious diseases have different treatments, but the basic preventive measures are the same. As long as we pay attention to prevention, we can effectively reduce the occurrence and spread of diseases.

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Second, the prevention method:

1. Open the window for ventilation every day, keep the indoor air fresh, avoid catching cold in the ventilation, wash clothes and bedding frequently, pay attention to climate change, and add or subtract clothes at any time.

2. Don't stay in densely populated and air-polluted places for a long time, such as large supermarkets, KFC stores, amusement places, theaters, etc.

3. Always open the window for ventilation and thoroughly clean it with running water, including not wiping your hands with dirty towels. Wash or wipe your hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions (such as sneezing).

4. Avoid sharing water cups, tableware, towels, toothbrushes and other items with others. Develop good personal hygiene habits.

It's best to wear a mask when going to the hospital and wash your hands when you get home to avoid cross infection.

6. Be careful not to be too tired to prevent colds, so as not to reduce the disease resistance; Get enough sleep every day.

7. Drink plenty of water and eat more fruits and vegetables to increase your immunity. Reasonable diet, increase nutrition. You can eat Radix Isatidis and soak garlic in vinegar to prevent colds.

8. Strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, and ensure one hour of outdoor activities every day.

9. If you feel unwell, you should seek medical advice in time and take medicine under the guidance of a doctor. If necessary, the corresponding vaccine can be inoculated.

10. Avoid contact with infectious patients and try not to go to areas where infectious diseases are prevalent.

1 1. If infectious diseases are found, they should be isolated and treated in time to avoid the spread of infectious diseases.

12. Although there are many kinds of infectious diseases in autumn and winter, as long as we pay attention to prevention, early detection, early isolation, early diagnosis and early treatment can effectively block the epidemic and spread of infectious diseases.