Birth ceremony
Gaoshan people cherish their children very much, and Atayal people think that "children are given by heaven." Every nation has different customs and habits about the birth and naming of children.
Babies usually take a bath after birth. Pingpu people believe that immortals, Guanyin and Sambo eunuchs sprinkle holy medicine in rivers, and bathing babies can live forever without disasters and diseases. Moreover, "no meritorious service in the future, whales are carp and crucian carp" and have become promising young people. After the baby was born, Peinan people held a ceremony to fetch water, and the next day they took the baby out of the house and wiped his face to eliminate the disaster.
Generally, women will only rest for three to five days before returning to work. On the third day after delivery, Lu Kairen held a village sacrifice ceremony, that is, he walked out of the village twice and then turned back; After the umbilical cord of the north-south fetus fell off, the parturient held a simulated hoe ceremony, and the biological father went out to hunt and lifted the pregnancy taboo.
Naming children is a key issue, and the time for naming children varies from nation to nation. Xia Sai people are named after the baby's umbilical cord fell off and held a ceremony. Bunun people at the baby's full moon. At the time of naming, there will be ceremonies, singing, dancing, setting wine and inviting God, which is very solemn.
The names of Gaoshan people should be named according to their genealogy. The names handed down from generation to generation are auspicious and pleasant names, and later generations also like to follow the names of their ancestors. There are also some tribes that distinguish between high and low by name. In order to welcome the arrival of the baby, the people in Taiwan Province Province should hold the "Three Dynasties Ceremony" for the newborn baby. The ceremony of the Three Dynasties was that on the third day after the birth of the child, the midwife was asked to take out a small stone from the heart of osmanthus fragrans (the heart of osmanthus fragrans), orange leaves and longan leaves, boil it in water, and then wipe the baby's body with this water. Orange leaves and longan leaves represent that their children are full of children and grandchildren and prosperous from generation to generation, and their children will have courage and promise in the future.
After washing, grandma took the baby to the main hall of the house and prayed to the gods and ancestors. Relatives and friends also came to congratulate and informed the mother's family to prepare various gifts.
There will be a ceremony for the children at the full moon. On this day, the baby's hair will be shaved off. Recently, however, many people shave their hair 24 days after their babies are born. This is because there is a story of twenty-four filial piety in ancient times. Parents want their children to be filial to their parents like 24 dutiful sons when they grow up. Before shaving, put the boiled eggs and duck egg water into the washbasin, then put a stone,12p, a small amount of onion and an egg, crush the onion, pour the juice on the baby's hair, put the yolk on the hair, and then shave off the hair. Stones indicate that the baby has a head shell and is healthy; Money represents people who are either rich or expensive when they grow up; Onions can make hair thick and black; Egg yolk can wash away dirt. There is a saying in Taiwan Province Province: "Duck eggs are like eggs, so they are easy to get married and even." In other words, the child's body is as big as a duck egg, and his face is as beautiful as an egg and round. He must have a good marriage when he grows up.
After shaving, please ask the neighbors to take the baby outside and chase the chicken with a bamboo pole and call it "chicken?" Singing nursery rhymes at the same time: "Hey? , fly up the mountain, be an official; Hey? Fly high, the champion among girls; Hey? Fly lower, my son is going to be a father. "
This nursery rhyme is only used to bless a baby boy. If it's a baby girl, sing Eagle Eagle.
On the day of the full moon, there will also be offerings of fried rice and chicken wine to worship the gods, buddhas and ancestors. According to the custom, the brothers in the bride's family will also send "head and tail", that is, all the clothes of the baby from head to toe. Among them are clothes, hats, shoes and socks, silver medals, gold locks, anklets and bracelets. These gifts can also be given on birthdays and birthdays, but they are the most abundant when "making a full moon" and "making a birthday". If it's a boy, there are more gifts.
When the child is four months old, he still has to "do April Day". Different from other days, this time, we have to prepare sacrifices, such as "red peaches", "red turtle candy" and "shortcake", to worship the gods and ancestors. Friends and relatives will still give gifts. This day is mainly a "Shoushou" ceremony. "Accepting Christmas" means collecting Christmas water and wishing children grow up. Prepare 12 (or 24 or 48) shortcakes at home and string them with silk or black silk. Relatives and friends should say a few auspicious words, put a shortcake in the child's mouth and say, "Have a baby next year."
When it comes to giving children a "first birthday", apart from general congratulations, children should also be asked to choose items to predict the future, which means the same as "grasping the week" in the mainland. In other words, put the items of 12 on the God's desk in the main hall and let the children go to the God's desk to get them. The first one represents the occupation or living conditions that the child will engage in when he grows up. For example, take a book first, indicating that the child must be a scholar; Get the pen, indicating that it is a calligrapher; Getting a drumstick shows that you are a man of great taste; Getting the abacus shows that he is a good businessman; If you get silver, you are a very profitable person; Getting onions means being smart; If you get the soil, you are a farmer. In Taiwan Province Province, in order to celebrate the birth of children, there are other customs besides giving friends and relatives some snacks and desserts to share their happiness. For example, Xishi Village, Yongkang Township, Tainan County has a custom of "dividing cakes" for one year, which is a unique local folk custom.
The 20th day of the first lunar month is an important day for Xishi Village, New Zhuangzi, Sweet Potato Dun and Xinhua Town in Yongkang Township. On this day, every family that gave birth to a son before the 20th day of the first month will distribute "fruit cakes" (commonly known as water cakes) to the villagers in their village.
According to legend, this custom of "dividing cakes" has a history of 100 years. The time for dividing cakes is the 20th day of the first month, which is also the birthday of Marshal Fu Xie, the Lord of Guangxing Palace. Guangxing Palace, commonly known as "Marshal House", is a typical Fujian-style ancestral hall. The king hall is dedicated to Marshal Xie's house, the left hall is dedicated to the queen, and the right hall is dedicated to the land god. This temple is the center of faith in four villages. At about 8: 00 a.m. on the 18th day of the first month of each year, the furnace owner who manages the temple (seven people elected by * * * *) holds a roll-call election in front of the gods, and is responsible for offering sacrifices to the public and collecting "blessing money".
The so-called "blessing money" means that people with the status of "blessing money" pay 250 yuan to Guangxing Palace every year as funds, which are collected in four phases. Except July (Purdue) 100, 50 yuan will be collected for the other three months, and those over 60 years old will be exempted.
The so-called "Fu" means the "registered" members of Guangxing Palace, only men, no women, all of whom voluntarily participate. But generally speaking, everyone will take the initiative to join when they get married, and foreigners who have moved here can also join.
Before distributing water cakes, these Nongzhang families will prepare three animals, four kinds of fruits, water cakes and new children's clothes, or burn gold in Guangxing Palace, which is located in the sweet potato field, with a newborn baby boy, thanking Marshal Fu Xie for giving his son, and praying that the children will grow up safely and get ahead in the future.
The time to distribute water cakes (also called "filial piety cakes") is from 6: 00 p.m. to 3: 00 p.m. on the 20th day of the first month. Water cake is a kind of flour pancake wrapped in sugar paste, which is about 1 cm thick and very delicious. There are two kinds: one is "blessing cake", which is shared by people with blessing status; The other is "pie", which is for the elderly over 60. A load of water cakes is packed in pairs, which can be packed in two boxes and stacked on top of each other. A pair of lecturers with the words "Gading makes a fortune" on them are not giving them away, but keeping them for themselves for good luck.
There are also two ways to send water cakes. One is that in Xishi, Xinzhuangzai and Xiangshucuo villages, the way of "delivery to households" is adopted, that is, the furnace owner in Gezhuang leads the team, and each "sub-household" first prepares water cakes, gathers at the furnace owner's house, and then the furnace owner leads the team to distribute them door to door according to the blessing list. The other is the "centralized collection" method adopted by Xinhua Town. At about 2: 30, the "children's households" sent water cakes to their homes one after another, and the villagers took utensils and sang cakes at the door of the stove owner's house.
When the cake was divided, the atmosphere was very warm and full of joy, and the voice of congratulations was endless and enjoyable. This fully reflects the China people's deep-rooted concept of carrying on the family line.
Colorful folk clothes
The style and texture of clothes form a unique style because of people's living habits and living areas, and also incorporate a unique aesthetic taste. After hundreds of years of development, the costumes of Gaoshan people in Taiwan Province Province have distinctive national characteristics. Because of different regions, different climates and different national habits, folklore scholars divide Gaoshan men's clothing styles into four types and women into three types.
There are generally four styles of clothing for Gaoshan men: one is the northern style represented by Atayal, Xia Sai and northern Ami. It is characterized by a sleeveless coat made of narrow hemp, just like the buttonless windbreaker worn by modern people. This jacket is sewn with two pieces of cloth, only at the back and armpit. The front part is a split front, and two ties are nailed to the chest. There are two kinds of sleeveless tights: those that are knee-length are called "Lou Qais" and those that are short to navel are called "Ladang". This kind of clothing is just ordinary clothing. The clothes worn at the banquet in festive festivals are white, and geometric patterns are woven on the chest and back, which is particularly beautiful and chic.
In addition, Atayal people and men in northern mountainous areas are used to wrapping a striped linen cloth around their waist as a waist skirt to cover their nakedness. There is also a diagonal cloth hanging on the chest as a bra. Except in summer, four narrow linen cloths should be sewn into a rectangle around the upper body and tied with a knot on the left shoulder, which is a cloak. Its shape is like a cassock, with a waist skirt, which is quite heroic. Usually wear a semi-circular leather hat or a pointed rattan hat on your head and go barefoot. Xia Sai people only have suitcases, clothes and vests, but they don't have robes.
The second is the middle type represented by Cao people and Bunong people. It is characterized by using deerskin as the material, wearing a fur deerskin vest on it and a deerskin shawl on the outside, which is also a display of hunting results. This kind of deerskin vest has a whole back and two fronts, and its chest is open, elegant and imposing. In addition to the vest and shawl, there is a square chest bag hanging on the chest, which is woven with geometric patterns. This kind of chest bag is both decorative and practical. It is convenient to hold betel nuts, pipes and other odds and ends. They also hung a wallet folded into a triangle around their waist and covered their lower bodies with square twill. Dress up in the festival, with an embroidered chest and a black cloth skirt hanging around the waist. When going hunting or attending a grand event, you should also add deerskin sleeves and pants. Cao Cao's old people's "dresses" are even more grand. They often wear a long-sleeved coat with black infrared, fur hats and snowshoes, which looks very dignified and dignified. Some people even go to the state banquet as a government official.
The third type is the southern type represented by paiwan, North South, Rukai and South Ami. It is characterized by a double-breasted long-sleeved coat, a vest-style coat, a half-waist skirt at the waist, or a wide belt, and the two ends hang down as a front skirt. Whether it's a vest-shaped coat or a double-breasted long-sleeved coat, people of these ethnic groups like to put thin lace and exquisite patterns on the sleeves, collars, waists and hems of clothes, and their embroidery level is superb, with distinctive and colorful southern characteristics.
Paiwan and Peinan nobles wore leopard skin as shawls, leopard tooth antlers as crowns, and colored or embroidered cotton trousers. Civilians only use black cloth to wrap their heads, barefoot and without shoes.
The fourth is the elegant beauty of Lan Yu Island. Because of living on the sea and the hot climate, men here usually wear only a thong made of thick cloth with a width of about three or four inches to cover their lower bodies, and rarely wear other clothes except occasionally a double-breasted jacket or a vest made of plant fibers. In order to avoid the heat, people often wear a rattan helmet or wooden helmet on their heads.
Gaoshan women's clothes are more exquisite and beautiful than men's clothes, and the decoration is more complicated. Because of the geographical relationship, it can be roughly divided into three types:
The first is the short-sleeved and long-sleeved styles of Suya people, Chinese people, Cao people and Amei people. At the top, it is a long-sleeved jacket and a long skirt around the waist. Atayal and Chinese wear single skirts, Cao people wear left and right double skirts, Paiwan people, Peinan people and southern Ami people wear long hard skirts. Su Ya, Han, Cao Cao, A Mei and other women still hang an oblique abdominal belt on their chests, which looks like Chinese corsets of Han women. In addition to short skirts and long skirts, women of all ethnic groups wear knee pants to cover their calves.
Second, Bunon, Rukai and Paiwan people's long dresses. It is a gown with narrow sleeves, long sleeves, embroidered shoulder sleeves, apron and knee-length pants, and five feet of black or red cloth is wrapped around the head, which is called an old pot. "Barefoot without shoes.
The third is Yamei's nude painting style. The upper body often wears only a vest and the lower body only a waist cloth. In winter, it is very simple to wrap your body around your left shoulder with a square towel and tie a knot on it. Wearing an octagonal helmet made of sawdust and no shoes.
Due to the differences in textile technology and aesthetic concepts, the costumes of various ethnic groups in mountainous areas have their own characteristics.
The simple and elegant people's textile technology is the most developed among the Gaoshan people. They use flat knitting machine, which is a simple knitting method. They weave colored wool or cotton outside into straight lines, zigzag lines, checkered lines, triangular lines and diamond lines. There are red, black and Huang San varieties, and the colors are particularly bright, which is very similar to the knitting method of sweaters that are popular now. This also fully shows the wisdom of the Atayal people.
Bunun men mainly wear leather clothes: a fur hat, a deerskin vest, a leather shawl on their shoulders, leather sleeves on their hands and leather pants on their legs. The whole leather clothing from head to toe is really far behind modern people! The deerskin hat made by Cao people is unique. It is made of two pieces of water hyacinth-shaped deerskin and has the function of protecting the brain. When not in use, it is usually rolled up and fixed with a belt. The clothes worn by the old people are made of red cloth and black cotton cloth, knee-length. The woman's coat is sewn with white cotton cloth, and the sleeves, neckline and front hem are also inlaid with lace. Most of the cotton fabrics used for waist skirts are red and green, and these cotton fabrics are mostly exchanged or purchased with Chinese characters.
Paiwan's clothing clearly embodies the difference between class and rank. Generally speaking, the clothes of aristocrats should be added with complex tattoos, and the colors are particularly bright. This difference is more obvious in festivals or festivals. Paiwan's embroidery level is also quite high, and exquisite patterns are pierced on the cloth with harmonious colors.
Peinan people's clothes are the most gorgeous when men marry women as adults. When a man grows up, he should wear a black double-breasted coat with 50 buttons, black shorts with lace on the front crotch and trouser legs. Adult men who lead families also need to wear pants. The front leg is embroidered with red, yellow and black embroidery thread, and the waist is tied with betel nut bag, which is decorated in color, similar to the exquisite hookah of Han nationality. They also have colorful ribbons around their waists. Chiefs and priests wear hats with eagle feathers and decorative ribbons on their heads and shoulders. When a woman gets married, a flower scarf is folded into a triangle and tied on her head. Chinese corsets are made of black or red cloth and folded into triangles with embroidery on each side. There is a sandwich pocket at the lower part, which is put in the coat and hangs down to the waist skirt. It is very eye-catching. Over-the-knee pants are made of a square piece of cloth, with straps sewn around them and tied to the calves. The color is black or blue. The witch's dress is even more complicated, which can be said to be colorful and dazzling.
Amei wears different clothes according to her age. Babies often wear long sleeveless clothes. In adolescence, men wear short skirts and corsets. The woman is wearing a blouse and a short skirt. Adult men have hats, headscarves, long-sleeved underwear, sleeveless tops, corsets, sleeves, waist skirts, belts, trousers and leather shawls, and they are dressed up and down neatly. Women have headscarves, underwear, triangle bras, two waist skirts, belts and over-the-knee pants. Old people usually wear black clothes and trousers, and some even wear embroidered feather crowns and shawls woven with embroidered robes and red feathers.
Asian-American men are basically naked for one year, and only cover their work with cloth thongs. On festivals, they put on their own wild hemp weapons and show their martial arts. Even women's clothing only hangs a square towel around the waist, covering about 5 inches below the knee, and only covers the chest with a square towel. When she sacrificed, she wore a wide-brimmed hat and long-sleeved clothes, which were knee-length and covered with various decorations.
The weaving skills of Atayal women are second to none among the "Nine Families in the Mountain". They use self-spun flax to weave some colored wool bought from the residents of the flat land, and they can weave beautiful fabrics with straight lines, curves and diamond patterns. They are also good at decorating clothes with white shell beads. This kind of clothes full of shell beads is called "shell clothes", which is very precious. Girls only wear it when they are married or on major festivals. At present, most of the "Gaoshan Jiuzu" give up hand-knitting because the cloth is easy to get, but Atayal women still weave their favorite patterns by hand in the traditional way, and master very complicated embroidery skills, and can embroider "cross-stitch", "satin embroidery", "straight embroidery" and "sticking ornaments". "Sticking" means cutting and pasting flowers, and its pattern is often similar to that of Taiya woodcarving. They like red and white, and then black and blue are added, so the woven cloth and embroidered clothes are beautiful and bright, and sometimes they are decorated with shell beads and small glass beads. Small pieces of metal and so on. The shiny and beautiful clothes attract European and American guests to pay high prices to buy this unique national costume from them.
Jewelry may be worn initially because of totem worship, but it has gradually become a purely decorative function. All ethnic groups in Gaoshan attach great importance to decoration. There are also many kinds of ornaments, mainly shellfish beads, shellfish slices, glass beads, pig teeth, bear teeth, feathers, hides, flowers, silver copper, bamboo tubes and so on. Decoration mainly includes clothing, headdress, earrings, neck ornaments, chest ornaments, arm ornaments, finger ornaments, foot ornaments, waist ornaments, crown ornaments and so on. Men have more decorations than women, which are complete from head to toe and very gorgeous.
The words "Taya" and "Men of Xia Sai" are famous for their beaded decorations. They carve shells into small round beads with holes, string them together with hemp thread and arrange them horizontally, which is called bead coat or shell coat. A pearl coat or shell coat usually needs 10,000 or 20,000 crystal clear shell beads, which can only be woven after careful beading. There are also beads sewn on the cloth, called beaded cloth or baby cloth, which can be made into clothes and used as money. At the ceremony, men in Taiya and Xia Sai wore rattan hats or leather hats, decorated the lower edge of the hat ring with colored cowbells, and the otology department was responsible for ear plates made of ear sticks or mother-of-pearl. The neck band made of beads hung around the neck hangs over the chest, and the arm sleeves are wrapped with copper wires into arm rings, wrist sleeve bead chains or copper chains, fingers wearing jade rings or copper rings, waist bead skirts and calf waist seals. The woman is also very handsome in dress. They often use shell uranium, ear plates or shell beads as earrings, and colorful shell necklaces are hung around their necks, which are sparkling and eye-catching.
Due to its proximity to the Atayal and Han nationalities in the west, the culture of Xia Sai people has developed rapidly. They learned hunting and weaving from the Atayal people and farming from the Han people. The cloth and clothes woven by women in Xia Sai are no worse than those woven by women in Taiya. They like to match red, dark black and white. At the Song and Dance Festival, the national costumes worn by young men and women, either bright red with white flowers or dark black with red and white flowers, are very dazzling. Among the nine families of Gaoshan nationality, the costumes of Xia Sai people are the most distinctive. One of its characteristics is that both men and women should add a "coat" to the solid color coat, embroidered with shellfish beads, which is dazzling; The second feature is that both men and women wear beautiful "headbands", which are really beautiful headdresses, and some even have a few beautiful bird hairs inserted. During the festival, beautiful women in Xia Sai pay more attention to their own clothes. They wear "Pei Ling" on their backs and waists. Pei Ling is a beautiful brocade (or embroidered cotton) with dozens of tassels on it. A long cylindrical small silver bell is tied at the end of the tassel and a "copper bell" is tied on their backs. Waist, its tassel just covers the arm. When dancing, the bells jingle, crisp and pleasant.
Bunun and Cao boys like to put eagle feathers on the top of deerskin or sheepskin hat, then put on deerskin or leopard skin, holding shotguns, which is bold and bold. At festivals and dances, both men and women should wear the latest and most beautiful clothes. The man rolled two embroidered headscarves on his head, ground them into triangles with shiny shells and hung them on his ears. Beads made of shells and glass beads are hung around the neck or on the chest. Cao people also weave red, green and yellow cloth strips with the teeth of wild boar as armbands. Women wear beautifully carved antlers on their heads, and sometimes they insert colorful pheasant feathers on them, plus ring-shaped shell glass beads, which are very bright and dazzling. Girls also hang hook earrings made of silver or brass, and string black beads, pottery beads, fruits and fupugen into necklaces on their chests with silk thread, which is even more interesting.
Men of paiwan, Rukai, Beinan and other ethnic groups like to wear antlers, leopard-toothed crowns and fur hats, symbolizing honor and wealth. The shoulder strap hangs obliquely from the right shoulder to the left waist. This shoulder strap is made of silver coins, agate, glass beads and bronze bells on a piece of embroidered cloth, and a betel nut bag is hung at the end. They are wearing a necklace made of a dragon flying jade around their necks. Dragonfly jade is the most precious ornament in paiwan. It is a kind of glass beads, coral shells or glass beads as beautiful as dragonfly eyes, strung into a necklace with silk thread, and one of them is the largest and most valuable. People in paiwan wear this necklace around their necks or on their chests, which is regarded as a treasure handed down from generation to generation. Women pay special attention to headdress, and like to tie colorful silk on their heads with animal bones, or wrap a hat band made of cloth around their heads. The hat belt is sewn with various beads, and beautiful feathers and lilies are inserted to show status and wealth.
Ami men like to use shellfish as forehead ornaments, which are tied from the forehead to the back of the head. Use black beads and Bai Bei to make earlobes, or tie small bronze bells. They hung shells and beads on their chests, and a nickel belt with tassels hung obliquely on their shoulders. When attending a grand dance, you wear a bell belt around your waist, small bronze bells on your legs, a feather crown on your head, and hand in hand singing and dancing. The scene is particularly warm. Women like to weave flowers into garlands, wear them on their heads or around headscarves, decorate them with small nails or small copper bells, and insert silver-plated hairpins. There is a kenaf forehead belt with nickel stickers, earlobes and deer bone earrings on it, a string of shells, agate beads and a small bronze bell necklace around the neck, and a circle of flowers and wool ears on the legs, which is very vivid and touching.
Yamei men are decorated with hats, necklaces and earrings with silver pockets, the most prominent of which is the silver pocket, which is regarded as the treasure of the family. This kind of silver bag is made by heating silver coins and hammering them into thin slices, and then connecting them into a birdcage shape by winding. There is a square eye hole in front of it, which looks like a helmet. Women's decoration is unique. They like to string red shells and black beads together and wear them in their hair or on their foreheads. They made cocoon earrings from rainbow nautilus and hung them on their ears. They string together pieces of silver with hemp rope or colored glass beads, or make necklaces from fish spinal nerves and hang them on their chests. In addition, he wore a silver bracelet on his hand and a long string of black wooden beads and white buttons on his ankle.
In clothing and decoration, paiwan's hierarchical concept is the most prominent. Noble clothes are dark, such as black, dark blue and deep purple. Civilians often use white and blue, and rarely use black. Noble clothes are usually embroidered or woven, and civilians absolutely forbid embroidery or pick-weaving. There are several kinds of clothes that only nobles can wear, such as leopard coats, epaulettes coats and trousers for men, embroidered robes, long skirts and trousers for women. , civilians can't wear. Almost all decorations belong to the privilege of nobles, especially carved feather ornaments, leopard-toothed hat badges, mother-of-pearl shoulder straps, silver shoulder ornaments, glass bead necklaces, neck ornaments and so on. , is a symbol of aristocratic status, civilians have no right to use, also have no right to buy.
In addition to the differences between men and women, the British also pay special attention to the differences in age and class. Men only wear vests and tops when they are teenagers. During the youth service, the restrictions on clothing are the most stringent, and they can only wear seamless light blue cloth waistlines. After the service expires, the clothing restrictions can be relaxed. In addition to wearing a coat and waistline, there are headscarves and shorts. Adult men over the age of 30 often use bag-shaped hats, long skirts and shawls. Little girls mainly wear short coats and skirts./kloc-Long skirts, chest pockets and trunk clothes can be added after 0/6 years old. Because of different ages, the embroidery on clothes is different, usually cross-stitch. There is no age limit for wearing leather clothes.
Decoration of Folk Houses in Taiwan Province Province
The folk conventional housing in Taiwan Province Province, called "curtilage" or "old curtilage", still exists today, showing an antique national color.
The Han people among our compatriots in Taiwan Province Province have basically migrated from Fujian and Guangdong. In order to have a place to stay, their ancestors built "houses" according to the format of Minnan dwellings, or built brick houses according to Hakka dwellings in Guangdong. If the Minnan people who came to Taiwan Province Province before "settled down" in the mountainous countryside, they would look for the foothills of Shijiao Mountain, which bears pale cliffs and has a high terrain. In front of it, they face a stream, which can not only prevent wind and disaster, but also facilitate drinking water, so as to achieve the goal of "grass grows in the crevices and brick walls face the sunset".
The residential buildings in Taiwan Province Province are the most formal buildings, with three big houses and five big houses. The format is based on the principle of rectangular homestead, which is commensurate with the left and right, and strives to be beautiful. First, lay a good foundation. "If the foundation is firmly laid, it will flourish for thousands of years." First, dig a few feet deep, fill it with stones, mud and lime, and then cover it with tortoise shell-shaped bricks. The large shielding field uses rectangular slate. The wall is made of red bricks, and rich people will never use soil corners, that is, adobe.
The roof structure of the house has always been in the form of two sides falling into the water, and the house has no backboard. So the buckets, curtain handles, buckets and beams in the roof are exposed. Tiles are usually laid directly on children. Roofs are divided into straight lines and curved lines, which are called horse-riding and dovetail. On the front and back of the roof, tiles of various colors are built and carved into figures or flowers and birds. A red gourd was put in the house as a measure to ward off evil spirits. Because the bricks and tiles are red ochre, the roof, walls, doors and windows are full of decorative beauty, and the whole house is rich and thick in color, which is cleverly matched with the subtropical natural scenery.
There are shovel eyes on both sides of the entrance to the gate of the community to prevent theft and enemies. The timber used for the doors and windows of the main hall column beam is camphor wood produced in Taiwan Province Province, which is carved and painted, simple and beautiful. The red bricks in the interior wall and the front wall of the gallery are arranged in various patterns according to the original patterns of the bricks, which are integrated with the carving of doors and windows, which is particularly eye-catching.
There are dragons or guards on both sides of Taiwan Province provincial capital. Lanterns and sky furnaces are hung on the main hall door for sacrifice; On both sides of the main hall, there are pictures of temples praying on the walls. The Hall of the Great Hero is dedicated to Guanyin, the Holy King who opened the light, the Virgin in the sky (that is, Mazu God) and the Guanyin Bodhisattva. There are four kinds of incense burners on the table, wood burning table (or iron table).
Some houses also have "Ma Gong" hall, with portraits of door gods hanging on the front door of the hall, and various horizontal plaques such as "filial piety and honesty" hanging above the door of the hall. In the area of Dadushan in the southern district of Taichung City, there is a kind of "Tongan CuO". They are all made of earth corners, and only the doorframes are made of red bricks. Every household has a round lion tag hanging on the door to ward off evil spirits.
offer sacrifices to ancestors
Taiwan Province aborigines believe that the universe and the earth are dominated by countless supernatural and invisible "gods". Indigenous people in different regions have different views on "spirit". For example, the aborigines in the north believe that all living things have spirits, but only human spirits can have divine power; The aborigines in the south believe in animism, so there are ghosts and other gods. They all think that the human spirit is different from the living and the dead, and the dead have divine power. In addition to the concept of soul, Bunun people and Cao people also have the concept of creating and managing gods, but they have not yet reached the level of personalization. Paiwan people, Rukai people, Peinan people and Amei people all have polytheistic ideas. Paiwan has carved gods, which is a concrete manifestation of the personification of gods, but their ideas about gods and souls are often confused.
Pay attention to delivering things.
In addition to exchanging gifts between relatives and friends during the Spring Festival in Taiwan Province Province, people usually bring some gifts to socialize, commonly known as "bringing companions". As for what to bring, we should not only look at the object, entertainment purpose and our own economic conditions, but also pay attention to taboos. In Taiwan Province province, there are some things you can't do "with your partner":
Towels are no good. After the folk funeral in Taiwan Province Province, undertaker will be given a towel to make undertaker cut off contact with the deceased. There is a saying in Taiwan Province Province that "sending a towel is cutting off the roots" or "sending a towel is cutting off the roots", that is, sending a towel is saying goodbye. Therefore, you can't use a towel as a "companion" at ordinary times.
Fans can't Using a fan to cool down in summer will be "autumn waste" in autumn. There is a folk saying in Taiwan Province Province: "Send a fan and never meet." Based on this psychology, fans should not be "partners".
Knives and scissors can't. Knife scissors will hurt people, and it is easier for people to think of "make a clean break" and "make a clean break". You must never be a partner.
Sweet fruit can't. Sweet fruit is rice cake. Every year in Taiwan Province Province, sweet fruit is a necessary sacrifice, and only those who are filial are not allowed to steam sweet fruit. If you use sweet fruit as a "companion", it will remind people of funerals, which is natural. This custom has developed to this day. Some people don't make sweet fruit houses, and sometimes they accept other people's sweet fruits, but they have to pay money symbolically to show that they bought them to avoid taboos.
Zongzi is no good. It is customary for mourners to neither steam sweet fruits nor wrap zongzi, so zongzi can't be a "companion".
Ducks can't. This is for "people in the month". Women are called "people in the confinement" within one month after delivery. In Taiwan Province Province, people in the confinement usually eat sesame fried chicken, pork loin, pork liver and other "hot" foods, while ducks are "cold" and should not be eaten by people in the confinement. Besides, there are some folk sayings in Taiwan Province Province, such as "A dead duck keeps his mouth shut" and "I don't know when the duck will die in July and a half". You can't take a duck as a "companion" of a "man in the moon".
Umbrella can't. In Taiwanese, "umbrella" is homophonic with "umbrella". If you use an umbrella as a "companion", it will inevitably lead to misunderstanding.