Preparation of barley worm breeding
1, environmental conditions of barley worm: the adaptation range of barley worm to environmental conditions is wide, but there is an optimum range. Among all environmental factors, temperature has the greatest influence on its growth and development. Therefore, controlling the barley worm at the optimum temperature for growth and development is a favorable guarantee for realizing high yield and stability of barley worm breeding and production. Requirements of the growth and development of barley worm on environmental conditions. Every month, lime should be used in the corner of the site, and the walkway should be disinfected for 2 days before removal.
2. Barley worm feeding equipment: The following basic feeding equipment is required for barley worm breeding.
① Barley insect breeding site: Barley insect breeding can make full use of idle vacant rooms to form a certain output scale. The room used must block the holes and gaps in the corner, cement the ground and paint it new, so as to prevent rats, ants, geckos and keep it clean. Use potassium permanganate to soak in water before using the site. 100-0.002 disinfection
(2) Standard feeding tray for barley worms: industrialized scale production requires the same specifications of feeding instruments, so as to determine the technological process and technical parameters. Based on many years' experience in breeding, our company preliminarily defines the feeding box of barley worms as: the outer diameter is 80cm, the width is 40cm, the height is from 10 to12cm, the inner diameter is 78.5cm, the width is 38.5cm and the height is12cm, and the bottom of the feeding tray can be made of three or five rubber plates. It can ensure that the larvae and adults of the barley worm will not climb out along the wall.
③ Barley worm feeding rack: In order to improve the utilization rate of production site, our company suggested that the feeding rack should be 4 meters in length, 2 meters in height and 40 minutes in width. In order to be practical and reduce the cost, we can design it ourselves in rural areas according to specific conditions and local conditions, while ensuring the standard size.
④ Barley worm separation screen: prepare 20 mesh, 40 mesh and 50 mesh barbed wire or nylon wire mesh respectively, and make a separation screen with wooden boards with a thickness of 1 cm around it for separating larvae and insect droppings.
⑤ Spawning tray of barley worm: The specifications of spawning tray and standard feeding tray are unified.
⑥ Others: In addition, you need to prepare thermometers, hygrometers, old newspapers or rough paper and cleaning tools.
3. Barley worm feed
① the concentrate formula of barley worm: barley worm is an omnivorous insect, and the concentrate can be made of wheat bran 70%, corn flour 10%, flour 5%, bean dregs 3%, fine rice bran 10% and white Tang 2%. Green feed can be vegetable leaves, melon skin, radish, potato, pumpkin, sweet potato and so on.
② Feed-detritus (industrial and agricultural organic waste resources)
Both the larvae and adults of barley worm like to eat dry feed, and the water content of feed should be controlled at about15%. The reserved population is fed fermented wheat bran or other mixed concentrate throughout the whole process. Feeding fermented wheat bran (0.2 kg) within 0/0 day after hatching, then feeding fermented bran powder for 30-40 days (2.5-3.0 kg), and then feeding fermented wheat bran 10 day (0.3-0.5 kg).
4. Breeding of superior varieties of barley worm: In any aquaculture or planting industry, the effect of varieties on production is enormous. Variety effect is also very important in the production of barley worm. Without good provenance, it is impossible to carry out barley worm breeding or barley worm industrial breeding.
5. Epidemic prevention of barley pests: ① Natural enemies such as ants, flies, cockroaches, mice and geckos must be strictly prevented from entering the breeding room. (2) utensils should be disinfected every month. ③ It is forbidden to place pesticides indoors. (4) Remove dead worms in time to avoid mildew and deterioration leading to epidemic diseases. ⑤ It is forbidden to accumulate water in the feed or see water drops in the feeding tray. ⑥ Prevention of diseases.
Cultivation techniques of barley worm
1, barley worm larvae
The growth period of barley worm larvae is generally120 ~180 days, 90 ~120 days under the optimum temperature and humidity, and the average growth period is 100 days, generally/kloc-0 ~15.
The habit of barley worm larvae is the same as that of adults, but different feeds directly affect the growth and development of larvae. Reasonable feed formula and good nutrition can promote the feeding of barley worm larvae, accelerate the growth rate and reduce the production cost of breeding. Larvae like the dark. Larval colony rearing is more beneficial to growth than scattered rearing. Because of the friction between social movements, it can promote the circulation and digestion of body fluids and enhance vitality. The feed for larvae is relatively simple. The newly hatched larvae are about 2 to 3 mm, and the body wall is soft and the color is white. The newly hatched larvae of barley worms have difficulty in eating, so it is necessary to add some fine feed, such as wheat flour and barley flour.
Barley worm larvae often crawl and float on the surface of the colony when molting. The newly molted barley larva is milky white, which is very fragile and the most vulnerable period. After about two hours, it gradually turned dark brown and the body wall hardened. Under normal temperature and humidity, it takes 3 to 5 minutes for the old larvae of the barley worm to molt, and it takes 2 to 3 minutes for the old larvae of the barley worm to molt into pupae. The most suitable growth temperature for barley worm larvae is 30 degrees above zero and the humidity is about 60%. The larvae should be fed with green feed every day. The growth speed of the barley worm larvae is directly related to the green feed. The main feed (wheat bran) is indispensable, but if the barley worm larvae want to grow at the fastest speed, they must not interrupt the green feed. Without green feed, the barley worm larvae will eat the main feed (wheat bran) slowly, and if they eat the main feed slowly, they will be slow. How do you know that the barley worm larvae are short of green feed or fed? The easiest way is to turn the feed and worms in the feeding box by hand. If you feel a little hot and dry, it means it's time to feed the green feed.
Feeding of barley worm larvae: before feeding, put bran and other feed screened by warp mesh in feeding boxes, boxes and other utensils, and then put barley worm larvae. The density of barley worm larvae shall be subject to the coverage of utensils, and the maximum thickness shall not exceed 3 ~ 5 cm. Finally, put vegetable leaves on it, so that insects can live between bran and vegetable leaves and eat freely. Once every week or so, screen out the insect droppings. The feed for harvesting barley worm larvae should be cooked on the basis of determining the formula, supplemented with additives and attractants to promote the larvae to eat and accelerate their growth. The feed for seed-preserved larvae and oviposition adults should aim at ensuring their nutritional abundance and oviposition nutritional needs (long oviposition period and high vitality). Generally, when the body length of barley worm larvae reaches 60 mm, the color changes from dark brown to light, and the food intake decreases. This is the late stage of mature larvae and will soon enter the pupation stage.
2, barley worm pupa
Generally, the barley worm larvae will not pupate in the feeding box or once they pupate, they will be swallowed by other larvae. When they first emerge, the barley worm pupae are milky white, and their body walls are soft and long. After a few minutes, their body shape will soon change from slender to short and thick, and they will pupate into pupae. After the next day, it gradually turned pale yellow, and the body wall became harder. The barley worm pupa can only twist its abdomen, but can't crawl. When selecting barley insect pupae, you can hold the tail of barley insect pupae with two fingers. Generally, healthy barley insect pupae will vibrate their pupae to resist foreign invasion. The bigger the vibration, the stronger the vitality. Adult barley insects and barley insect larvae can use pupae as feed at any time. 98% barley pupae can enter the emergence stage smoothly under the condition of proper temperature and humidity control. Only a few people will die during eclosion, and the temperature of barley worm in pupation period should not be high or low, otherwise the survival rate of pupation will be reduced. The pupae of barley worm should not be piled up or stacked when collecting, but should be evenly spread in the feeding box. The distance between pupae is best and the most appropriate. Precautions should be taken in the pupa stage to prevent the invasion of rats, geckos and birds.
Management of barley insect pupa stage: the first pupa of barley insect is milky white, and gradually becomes light yellow brown and dark yellow brown. The first pupae of barley worm should be sorted out from barley worm larvae in time for centralized management. It takes10 ~13 days to adjust the temperature and humidity to prevent the pupa of barley insect from mildewing, and then it emerges as an adult of barley insect. During this period, the temperature and humidity should be strictly controlled, and the adaptive temperature and humidity determine the emergence rate. The more adaptive the temperature and humidity control, the higher the proportion of adult adults of the emergence barley, and the highest emergence rate can reach 95%. In the pupal stage, we should pay attention to whether the temperature is high or low, so that many adult barley worms will be deformed. Once the adult barley worms are deformed, it means that they cannot mate and lay eggs normally.
3, barley eggs
The incubation period of barley worm changes greatly due to different temperature and humidity conditions. When the temperature is 25 ~ 30℃, the egg stage of barley is about 8 ~12 days. When the temperature is19 ~ 22℃, the egg stage of barley is15 ~ 20 days. When the temperature is below 15℃, barley eggs rarely hatch. Under normal temperature and humidity (25 -30 degrees), the incubation period of barley eggs is three to five days. The newly hatched larvae of barley worms are white in color and about two millimeters in length. They can crawl, but the speed is not fast. The newly hatched larvae of barley worms can't eat wheat bran directly. We should put some concentrated feed, such as flour and corn flour, in the feed in the incubator. After two days, the body color will gradually turn pale yellow. At this time, the larvae of barley worms will gradually turn pale yellow. The life habits of the larvae of the barley worm are quite different from those of the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The larvae of the barley worm can't eat wheat bran when they just hatch, so a certain proportion of flour or corn flour should be added to the hatched feed. The larvae of the barley worm can survive normally without green feed within two days after hatching, but after five days, they must be fed with green feed or sprayed with water in the form of fog, and glucose or vitamins can be added to the water. The green feed should be cut into smaller pieces as possible, but there should be no visible vegetable juice or fruit juice, because the vegetable and fruit juice will harden the feed, which is not conducive to the feeding of the newly hatched barley worm larvae. If the humidity is too high and the temperature is too low, these juices will soon rot and deteriorate the feed in the feed, which is not conducive to the growth of the barley worm larvae.
Collection and incubation of barley eggs: a slightly thinner rough paper is attached to the bottom of the standard feeding tray, and 0.3-0.5 cm thick feed (or insect dung) is spread on it, and 600 adults (400 females and 200 males) are put in each box, that is, the eggs of barley worms are evenly distributed on the spawning paper, and each paper can produce10000 ~/kloc-in 2 days. Take out the spawning paper every two days, and make it into an egg card. Some eggs are scattered in the feed, which can be ignored and can also be used as a cover when hatching. Put the egg cardboard in another standard feeding tray to make an incubation tray. First, lay a layer of waste paper (newspaper, tissue paper, packaging paper, rough paper, etc.) on the bottom of the standard feeding tray, cover it with 0.5 cm thick bran, and place the first egg card on it. Cover the first egg card with 0.5 cm thick bran, put 3 ~ 4 short support sticks in the middle, and put the second egg card on it. Repeatedly, 4 egg cards are placed in each plate, which is about 400,000 ~ 600,000 eggs. Then put the incubation tray in an incubator (see the attached figure for the incubator), and take it out after 1 week.
4. Adult barley worm
The back wing of the adult barley worm degenerates, so it can't fly, and it has a fast crawling speed and strong grasping ability. I like darkness, I am afraid of light, and I have more activities at night. Under certain conditions, both adults and larvae have the habit of killing each other. The newly emerged adult is milky white, gradually hardens and turns yellow-brown, red-brown and black after 2 days, and begins to feed, mate and lay eggs. The life span of adults is generally between140 ~180 days, and the average life span is more than 120 days. The peak of female oviposition is10 ~ 30 days after emergence. The number of eggs laid by females is about 400 ~1600, with an average of 600 eggs per head. After mating once, the number of eggs laid is about 10 to 18. If management is strengthened, the spawning period can be prolonged and the number of eggs laid can be increased. If compound biological feed is used and proper temperature and humidity are provided, the average spawning amount can reach more than 1200. The most suitable temperature for adults to lay eggs is 30 degrees. When the humidity is 60%, adults should be provided with sufficient concentrated feed (such as flour, corn flour, fish meal, meat and bone meal) and green feed (such as pumpkin, cabbage, carrot, wax gourd, or all kinds of fruits, etc.) every day to ensure the normal spawning amount. The number of adults should be about 800 in a standard spawning box (80× 40 spawning box), and the ratio of male to female should be natural. Eggs laid on the first day after more than 5 days will hatch. If the plates are not changed in time, the newly hatched larvae will climb out of the screen surface. For example, adults will devour the young larvae when they lack green feed, which will waste eggs and reduce the yield. If adults lay eggs on oviposit paper, the oviposit paper should be collected together in time for incubation, but there will also be eggs in the feed and adult feces at the bottom of the screen, so they should be collected uniformly for incubation. The number of eggs in feed accounts for about one-eighth of the whole spawning box. The death rate of the adult barley worm is very small, and the death rate is about 2% each time when changing plates. It is not necessary to clean up the adult barley worm in time after death. Other healthy adult barley worms will devour its edible parts. The newly dead adult barley worm is also a good high-protein feed. After the barley worm devours its edible parts, the inedible parts (such as head, tentacles and feet) will be cleaned up when changing plates.
Feeding of the adult barley worm: put the emerged adult barley worm in a feeding container and feed it to bran and vegetables. At first, the worm body is gray, then gradually turns to light brown, and after 1 week, the body color gradually turns to dark brown, and then it begins to lay eggs. After1-2 months, it will enter the peak spawning period.