Strawberry orchard should have sufficient sunlight, slightly higher terrain, flat ground, convenient irrigation and drainage, and fertile and loose soil.

Strawberry planting in greenhouse (2 pieces)

The previous crops should be beans or onions and garlic vegetables, and weeds and underground pests should be eliminated first in the garden. Spraying 1000 times of 50% phoxim EC (5-6 cm in wet soil layer) can control grubs, crickets and cutworms.

After 1 week, 5000 kg of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure, 0/00 kg of calcium superphosphate/kloc-0 and 50 kg of potassium chloride were applied to the mu base. Combined with deep ploughing, fine soil preparation was carried out to make the border surface 20 cm high, 50 cm wide and the border ditch 30 cm wide. The length of the greenhouse is limited to 20 meters, and there are 4 beds in it.

Transplanting technique

In order to market strawberries from the end of/kloc-0 to the beginning of February, the time for transplanting strawberry seedlings from breeding nursery to the edge of greenhouse should be at the beginning of September. Two rows should be planted in each border, the row spacing is 27 cm, the hole spacing is 20 cm, and each mu 12000 plants. When planting, the inflorescences of plants in the same row face in the same direction, so that the back of strawberry seedlings is arched towards the predetermined growth direction of inflorescences, the seedling center is exposed from the edge, the roots are spread out and buried in the loose soil layer, and planting water is poured in time, and the exposed roots are buried in the soil layer.

Planting management

1, intertillage fertilization. Tillering and loosening soil is beneficial to the decomposition of organic matter. From June 165438+ 10 to February 65438+February, shallow intertillage should be carried out for three times. Topdressing 1 time at the initial flowering stage and the initial fruit setting stage respectively. Apply urea 10 kg, phosphate fertilizer 20 kg, potassium chloride 10 kg or ternary compound fertilizer 35 kg per mu.

2. Management in the prophase of flower bud differentiation. Strawberry seedlings transplanted in early September should be covered with shading nets for shading besides timely supplementing water. The distance between the net and the ground is 1.2m, which is convenient for personnel to operate. Dead leaves, old leaves, axillary buds and stolons should be removed in time, and 5-6 leaves should be kept. Flower bud differentiation needs low temperature and short sunshine, and the sunshade net can be covered with grass (grass curtain). Through the operation process of uncovering grass, artificial short sunshine and low temperature conditions promoted the differentiation of terminal inflorescence and axillary inflorescence for more than a month.

3. Irrigation and drainage methods. At the early stage of flowering and berry growth, the irrigation amount was 65438 0 times respectively. Ditch irrigation should be adopted, and the water should be poured to 2/3 of the height of the ditch, so that the water can gradually penetrate into the border soil and the remaining water in the ditch can be discharged.

If it is dry, it should be irrigated 1 time within 5-7 days. Using the metal tube at the front of the rubber tube for hole irrigation can not only save water, but also keep the border soil loose. It rains in autumn, so it should be drained in time. Drainage ditches should be built around the strawberry orchard as soon as possible to drain the water from the side ditch in the shed.

4. Cover with plastic film. The period from June 65438+ 10 to the beginning of 165438+ 10 is the end of strawberry inflorescence differentiation, so the sunshade net can be removed. In Jiangzhun area, beginning of winter was covered with plastic film, and before heavy snow, the temperature in the shed was kept at 28-30℃. In the "warm winter" year, the "winter solstice" season is covered with plastic film in the shed. In the "cold winter" year, plastic film should cover large and medium-sized sheds at the same time. In short, during the period from "slight cold" to "severe cold", the temperature in the shed should be above 25℃, or at least above 23℃. Only when the above temperature is met can strawberries grow normally.

5. Ventilation operation. The soil moisture of strawberry seedlings should be 70%-80%. The air humidity in the shed should be 60%-70%. Therefore, when the temperature in the shed exceeds 30℃, it should be ventilated. From June 165438+ 10 to February 65438+2, and from June 10 to 3: 00 in the morning, the plastic film at both ends of the shed and the middle shed should be opened for ventilation. When the humidity in the shed exceeds 70%, ventilation is also needed to reduce the air humidity in the shed. In flowering period, bees are raised in the shed, and nylon nets can be made at both ends of the large and medium shed, which is convenient for ventilation. Another function of greenhouse ventilation is to prevent strawberry powdery mildew.

Step 6 harvest. It takes about 30 days for strawberry seedlings to bloom and set fruit until the berries are colored, softened and release special flavor. Strawberry berries should be harvested in batches when they are ripe. Average yield per mu of strawberries 1500 kg. [3]

disease control

1. Leaf spot: also known as snake eye disease, which mainly harms leaves, petioles, fruit stalks, tender stems and seeds. Dark purple spots are formed on the leaves, and after expansion, a nearly round or oval lesion is formed, with purple-red and brown edges, gray-white center and slightly thin wheels, which makes the whole lesion snake-eyed, and no small black particles are formed on the lesion.

Prevention and control measures: remove diseased leaves and old leaves in time. 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder was used 500 ~ 700 times at the beginning of the disease, and sprayed again ten days later. Or spray 75 kilograms of 70% mancozeb wettable powder with 200 grams per mu.

2. Powdery mildew: mainly harms leaves, but also flowers, fruits, fruit stalks and petioles. Leaves roll up like spoons. Buds and petals are purple, unable to bloom or fully bloom, and the fruit is not swollen and slender; The young fruit loses its luster and hardens. When strawberries are damaged near maturity, they will lose their commodity value.

Prevention and control measures: spray Bubomei 0.3 degree stone sulfur mixture on and around the diseased heart plant. After harvesting, cut leaves in the whole garden and spray 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times solution or 50% sterilization 800 times solution and 30% Teflon 5000 times solution.

3. Botrytis cinerea is the main disease after flowering, which can occur on flowers, petals, fruits and leaves. Brown spots are formed on the fruit during the fruit expansion period, and gradually expand. Dense gray mold softens and rots the fruit, which seriously affects the yield.

Control measures: Spraying 25% carbendazim wettable powder 300 times, 50% captan wettable powder 800 times and 50% chlorpheniramine 500-700 times from germination to flowering. Root rot: Starting from the lower leaves, the leaf edge turns reddish brown, gradually withers upward, and even dies. The middle of the column began to turn dark brown and rotten, and the middle column of the root was red. Prevention and control measures: before strawberry transplanting, use 600 times of 40% asparagus green powder, pour it on the border, then cover the soil and level it for transplanting, effectively killing germs in the soil, reducing the bacterial source base in the field and reducing the chance of infection.

4. Verticillium wilt: The disease is a soil disease, and its main symptoms are deformity of young leaves, yellowing of leaves and rough surface of leaves. Then the leaf edge turns brown and withers inward until it dies.

Prevention and control measures: strictly introduce disease-free plants; Shorten the update cycle; Disinfect the soil with chloropicrin 13.5 ~ 20 liters or solar film irrigation; Those who are already sick must be pulled out and burned.