Jackfruit likes warm and humid tropical climate. Not cold-tolerant, it is required that the annual average temperature in the planting area is _2 1℃, the average temperature in Leng Yue is _ 13℃, and the absolute minimum temperature is _0℃. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it can grow normally in acidic soil with deep, fertile and loose soil layer and good drainage, or in slightly alkaline clay or sandy loam. It is best to plant in low hills or flat land below 600 meters above sea level.
2. jackfruit garden construction
The row spacing of jackfruit plants is 5~6 m× 6 ~ 7 m, the pit is dug 80 cm× 80 cm× 80 cm for planting, weeds are placed at the bottom of the pit, 0.5 kg of lime is mixed with branches and leaves, and the surface soil is returned to the field 1 layer, and 30 kg of pond mud and livestock manure and 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer are placed.
Jackfruit can be planted all year round, but spring planting (March-April) and autumn planting (9-165438+1October) are the best. When planting, the soil in the planting hole should be refined to straighten out the root system of the seedlings, and then the fine soil should be leveled by layers, and it is advisable to level the ground with the root neck. Immediately after planting, water the roots and cover the tree tray with plastic film.
3. Rational fertilization of jackfruit
Fertilization of young trees: The distribution of young tree roots is shallow and narrow, so it is advisable to apply thin fertilizer frequently, and it is better to spray water and fertilizer. Generally, it is more reasonable to use two fertilizers for one branch, namely, shoot-promoting fertilizer and strong shoot fertilizer. Before a few buds germinate, 20 grams of urea is applied to plants at 1 year to promote buds. When most of the shoots grow to 6 cm and reach the new leaves at the base of the branches, compound fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied to make the shoots change from light green to dark green. Apply it to the plant at 1 year (20g compound fertilizer+15g potassium sulfate)/time, and then increase it year by year.
Fertilization of fruit trees: Generally, fruit trees are fertilized three times a year. Flower-promoting fertilizer: apply flower-promoting fertilizer before heading, mainly compound fertilizer. Compound fertilizer 1 kg, potassium sulfate 0.5 kg and manure water 5 kg were applied to each plant. Strong fruit fertilizer: applied in young fruit stage, mainly nitrogen and potassium, aiming at promoting rapid fruit expansion. Each plant is applied with 5 kg of pig manure water, 0.5 kg of urea, 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Fertilization after harvest: June 5438+10, with updating and pruning. Organic fertilizer should be applied again to promote adventitious bud germination and store nutrients for crown regeneration. Chicken manure 15 kg, urea 0.5 kg, compound fertilizer 1 kg and calcium superphosphate 0.5 kg can be applied to each plant.
4, jackfruit shaping and pruning
Jackfruit bears fruit on the trunk, main branches and branchlets. It is necessary to control the crown height and cultivate a good round crown in production. Young trees should give priority to cultivating crown and cooperate with shaping. When the height of the trunk reaches 1 m, the trunk should be cut short to promote branching, and if necessary, cross branches, dense branches and overlapping branches should be cut off. Generally, it is necessary to cultivate 3-4 first-class branches with a crown height of 3.5 meters. How to prevent rotten grapes from forming a reasonable tree structure? Results Trees were pruned mainly in winter, mainly by pruning dead branches, weak branches, over-dense branches, residual fruiting branches and male flower branches. In order to control the crown of the tree, some large branches and long branches should be properly cut short to keep the branches evenly distributed and protect the inner room from sun exposure.
5, jackfruit flower promotion
After planting, if excessive nutrient growth affects flowering and fruiting, the trunk and main branches can be girdled or girdled to accumulate more nutrients on the aboveground branches and promote flowering and fruiting of the flowering and fruiting branches; Or carving the main branches every 30 cm can also achieve the effect of promoting flowering and fruiting. In order to stab the cortex without hurting the xylem, it is not necessary to wipe off the spilled pulp.
6, jackfruit thinning and fruit protection
Fruit thinning should be carried out in March-April every year, and it is advisable to leave 3-5 crowns per square meter, and the distribution is even and reasonable. The principle of fruit thinning is to remove over-dense fruits and deformed fruits. Spraying insecticide+bactericide+foliar fertilizer 15 days in young fruit stage; When the fruit is basically shaped, spray 1 times of pesticides and fungicides every 30 days to control pests and diseases and promote fruit expansion.
7. Control of jackfruit pests and diseases
The pests of jackfruit, such as longicorn beetles and scarabs, are common and serious, which harm the branches, causing glue hanging, dead branches, weak trees, hollow trunks and even decay and death. It can kill adults, scrape eggs, or paint tree trunks and needle-irrigated wormholes with 600 times of chlorpyrifos. The main diseases are leaf spot, soot disease and soft rot of flowers and fruits. It can be controlled with 1000 times carbendazim or 1500 times chlorothalonil.
8. Timely harvesting of jackfruit
The maturity of jackfruit is concentrated in June-August. With the change of regional climate, the temperature is high, flowering and ripening are early. Low temperature, late flowering, late ripening. Because the same plant has a long flowering period and matures successively, jackfruit should be harvested in stages to ensure the quality, increase the yield and help the tree recover. When the skin is round and fleshy, the shape is plump, the skin is slightly soft when touched by hand, and the fragrance can be smelled, it can be harvested. It can be eaten after 2~3 days of ripening.