Planting conditions of Chinese kale
1. Temperature conditions: Chinese kale likes mild climate and has strong heat resistance, which is the strongest among cabbage vegetables. The optimum temperature for seed germination and seedling growth is 25 ~ 3℃, and the growth is slow below 2℃, and the optimum temperature for leaf cluster growth and cabbage moss formation is 15 ~ 25℃, which is like a large temperature difference between day and night. The high temperature above 3℃ is unfavorable to the development of cabbage moss, and the growth is slow below 15℃. The heat resistance and flower bud differentiation of varieties with different maturity have different requirements for temperature.
2. Sunshine requirements: Chinese kale is a long-sunshine crop, but the existing varieties are not strict about the length of sunshine time, and their whole growth and development process requires good light and is not tolerant to shade.
3. Water condition: Chinese kale likes moist soil environment, and the maximum water holding capacity of soil is 8 ~ 9%. Drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance are slightly stronger than other cabbage vegetables, but excessive soil humidity or field water accumulation will affect root growth.
4. Soil nutrition: Chinese kale has wide adaptability to soil, and loam and sandy loam are suitable. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the most, and phosphorus is the least, and the ratio of N, P and K is 5.2:1:5.4. The amount of fertilizer absorbed in seedling stage is less, and the growth is slower, and the amount of fertilizer absorbed in cauliflower formation stage is the most. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different growth stages is different, so we should focus on the application of organic fertilizer and appropriate topdressing.
seedling raising technology of Chinese kale
1. sowing time: planting in Beijing can basically be supplied all year round. Early-maturing varieties such as willow leaf Chinese kale are cultivated in the open field to ensure the supply from June to October. Sowing from September to March of the following year can be carried out with medium and late-maturing varieties such as Zhonghua and Zhongchimustard for protected cultivation, so as to ensure the supply from November to May of the following year. It should be noted that July to September is a hot and rainy season in Beijing, and it is appropriate to plant in a cold place.
2. Sowing method: Chinese kale can be transplanted by direct seeding or seedling raising, and seedling raising and transplanting are mostly used in Beijing area, with 75-1g seeds per mu. The nursery site should be sandy loam or loam with convenient irrigation and drainage, and it is best to use the land where the previous crop is not cruciferous vegetables. When preparing the soil, we should apply more decomposed organic fertilizer and sow by sowing.
3. seedling management: always keep the seedling bed moist, apply quick-acting fertilizer for 2 ~ 3 times at seedling stage, sow properly, and pay attention to thinning seedlings to avoid the seedlings from growing into thin and weak seedlings. The seedling age can reach 5 true leaves in 25 ~ 35 days. Generally, the interval between seedlings is carried out after two true leaves appear. Choose tender and strong seedlings with good growth, stout stems and large leaf area, and it is not suitable to use small and old seedlings.
planting techniques of Chinese kale
1. Soil preparation and fertilization: Chinese kale is planted in loam with fertilizer and water conservation, and the soil is finely prepared, and 3-4 kg of decomposed pig manure and compost and 25 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied per mu, then the soil is turned in and mixed evenly, cultivated and leveled, and the soil particles are finely ground. Flat beds are generally used, but small high beds should be used in summer cultivation.
2. Planting method: Chinese kale should be cultivated in the open field in the afternoon and in the protected field in the morning. After the date of planting seedlings is determined, water the seedbed the afternoon before planting seedlings to facilitate digging seedlings the next day. On the day of planting, the seedlings are dug, and then transported to the planting plot, and the seedlings are planted according to a certain row spacing.
3. Planting density: The spacing between rows and plants of early-maturing Chinese kale is 25cm? 2 cm, and the spacing between rows and plants of medium-mature seeds is 3 cm? 22 cm, and the row spacing of late-maturing seeds is 3 cm? 3 centimeters. Seedlings should not be planted deep, and the soil surface and border surface of seedlings should be planted flat or slightly lower by 1 cm. After the seedlings are planted, water them immediately to restore their growth.
4. watering and fertilizing: water the seedlings in time according to the temperature and humidity at that time, properly control the watering during the leaf cluster growth period after the seedlings are slowed down, and increase the watering times and keep the soil moist frequently when entering the cabbage moss formation period and the harvest period. Pay equal attention to base fertilizer and topdressing, and topdressing should be applied with water. Generally, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer or chicken manure should be topdressing 3-4 days after seedling delay, and appropriate quick-acting fertilizer or human excrement should be topdressing when bolting. After harvesting the main moss, topdressing should be applied 2 ~ 3 times to promote the growth of the lateral moss.
5. intertillage and soil cultivation: Chinese kale grows slowly in the early stage, and weeds are easy to grow between plants, so intertillage and weeding should be carried out in time. With the growth of the plant, the stem becomes thicker from thin, the base is thinner, and the upper part is larger, forming top-heavy. It is best to combine intertillage to cultivate soil and fertilize, and it is best to apply 1 ~ 2 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu.
6. Pest control: There are few diseases of Chinese kale, and black rot is common, which is a bacterial disease and prone to high temperature and high humidity. The control method is to choose disease-resistant varieties, avoid continuous cropping with cruciferous vegetables, pull out diseased seedlings in time when they are found, and spray fungicides such as chlorothalonil when the diseased spots are first found. In addition, leaves, stems and pedicels are prone to downy mildew in greenhouse cultivation when the temperature is low and the humidity is high.
7. timely harvesting: when the cauliflower grows to be flush with or close to the top of the leaf (commonly known as qikouhua), it is suitable for harvesting, and the harvesting height is 15 ~ 25cm. In order to maintain good commodity, it is advisable to harvest in the early morning and arrange and package.
difference between mustard and Chinese kale
difference between families and genera
1. Mustard: Mustard is an annual or biennial herb in the plant kingdom, Angiosperma, Dicotyledonous, Acanthopoda, Cruciferae, Brassica and Brassica.
2. Chinese kale: Chinese kale belongs to the plant kingdom, Angiosperm, Dicotyledonous, Acanthopoda, Cruciferae, Brassica and panicum miliaceum.
Morphological differences
1. Mustard: Mustard plants are 3 ~ 15 cm high, often hairless, sometimes young stems and leaves have prickly hairs, with frosting and spicy taste, the stems are erect and branched, the basal leaves are broadly ovoid to obovate, the lower leaves of the stems are small, the upper leaves of the stems are narrowly lanceolate, the racemes are terminal, the flowers are extended after flowering, and the flowers are yellow, with sepals.
2. Chinese kale: The Chinese kale plant is .5 ~ 1m high, often 3 ~ 4cm, hairless, with frosting, erect stems, branched, oval basal leaves, ovoid or ovoid cauline leaves, oblong upper leaves on the stems, long erect racemes, white or yellowish flowers, lanceolate sepals, oblong petals, silique linear, and red convex seeds.
difference of producing areas
1. Mustard: There is no distribution boundary in China. Except in cold and arid areas, mustard is cultivated in coastal provinces in the east, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the west, Sanya City in Hainan Province in the south and Mohe City in Heilongjiang Province in the north.
2. Chinese kale: Chinese kale is a kind of vegetable with rich nutrition. It has a long history of cultivation in China. The main producing areas are Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other provinces, with a small amount of cultivation in coastal and northern suburbs.
efficacy difference
1. Mustard: Mustard contains a lot of ascorbic acid, which has the function of refreshing the brain and relieving fatigue. Mustard has the function of detoxification and swelling reduction, can resist infection and prevent diseases, inhibit the toxicity of bacterial toxins and promote wound healing. Mustard also has the function of appetizing and promoting digestion, which can promote the digestive function of stomach and intestine and increase appetite. It can be used to stimulate appetite and help digestion. Finally, it can improve eyesight, promote diaphragmatic function, relax bowels and relieve constipation.
2. Chinese kale: Chinese kale is a kind of vegetable with rich nutrition. It can be fried, eaten in soup or served as a side dish. It has the effects of inducing diuresis, resolving phlegm, detoxifying and expelling wind, eliminating pathogenic heat, relieving fatigue, clearing the heart and improving eyesight, etc. However, eating Chinese kale for a long time has the side effect of exhausting people's qi and inhibiting the secretion of sex hormones.
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