main ingredients: saikosaponin, sapogenin a and volatile oil. Volatile oil has strong effect and low toxicity.

mechanism: acting on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center → inhibiting the production or release of cAMP → inhibiting the upward movement of the thermoregulatory point → decreasing the body temperature.

2. Anti-pathogenic microorganisms

In vitro experiment: inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus and Vibrio cholerae, collecting and sorting out Mycobacterium tuberculosis and leptospira through medical education website; Inhibit influenza virus, hepatitis virus and vaccinia virus.

Bupleurum injection → treating herpes simplex keratitis and inhibiting epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus.

3. Anti-inflammatory

Saponins and volatile oil have anti-inflammatory effects → reduce capillary permeability; Inhibit leukocyte migration; Inhibition of granulation tissue proliferation.

mechanism: ① saikosaponin → exciting hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex →ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) → enhancing the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoid; ② Saikosaponin→ inhibiting the release of inflammatory substances.

4. promote immune function

Bupleurum polysaccharide → increase the phagocytic function of kupffer cells, enhance the function of natural killer cells, increase the titer of virus-specific antibodies, improve lymphocyte transformation rate and skin delayed hypersensitivity.

5. Sedative, analgesic and antitussive

Saikosaponin.

6. protecting liver, promoting gallbladder function and reducing blood fat

protecting liver:

saikosaponin, saikosol and α-spinach sterol → protecting liver: ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) ↓, damaging liver cells ↓, promoting the recovery of liver function.

mechanism: ① saikosaponin → directly protects biofilm (such as mitochondrial membrane); ② saikosaponin → promoting pituitary secretion of ACTH→ plasma cortisol → body's resistance to nonspecific stimuli → ③ Saikosaponin→ DNA synthesis of hepatocytes ↑, synthesis of extracellular matrix ↓.

cholagogic:

Bupleurum chinense → bile output increases, and the contents of cholic acid, bile pigment and cholesterol in bile are reduced. (vinegar-roasted Bupleurum chinense has the strongest effect)

Lowering blood lipid:

① Saikosaponin → lowering the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids, with triglycerides being the most obvious. ② Bupleurum alcohol and α-spinach sterol → lower cholesterol level.

7. Effect on visceral smooth muscle

Bupleurum crude saponin→ isolated intestinal muscle → contraction; Compound preparation → Anti-intestinal muscle spasm.