Here are the specific practices:
1. cold compress: it is to reduce the body temperature of the whole body or a certain part by using cold methods. Generally, cold compress on the head is the most commonly used. A hand-sized pocket is made of rubber blanket and plastic film, which is filled with well water or tiny ice cubes. The small bag is placed on the patient's forehead, neck blood vessels, armpits and thigh roots.
At the beginning of cold compress, local blood vessels contract, followed by blood vessels dilate, and heat is emitted through conduction, which can achieve the purpose of cooling down. If possible, sew a hat-shaped ice bag and put well water or fine ice cubes on the patient's head. It can also be made into an ice pillow, which can be placed on the patient's head and neck like a pillow, and can also play a role in cooling down.
When ice caps and pillows cannot be made, well water can be soaked with towels and squeezed dry instead of ice packs for cold compress. Pay attention to the local skin not to be frostbitten when ice is applied.
2. Warm water bath: Soak the towel with warm water of 32 C ~ 36 C and wipe the whole body skin, so that the blood vessels of the skin expand and the blood flow increases, and the heat in the body can be dissipated by conduction to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation.
After wiping the whole body once, you can wait for a while until the water on the skin evaporates and then wipe it again until the body temperature drops significantly. Be sure to dry the moisture on your skin after wiping, and then cover it with a thin quilt to prevent catching cold.
3. Alcohol bath: 25% ~ 50% alcohol can be used as a bath. When there is no alcohol, white wine can be mixed with half cold boiled water to wipe the bath. Because alcohol volatilizes quickly, it can quickly take away the heat on the skin and achieve the purpose of cooling down.
Wipe the patient's neck, armpit, groin, chest, limbs and other places with a towel when bathing, so that the skin blood vessels expand and accelerate heat dissipation. If the alcohol concentration is too high and volatilizes too fast, the skin blood vessels will contract and affect heat dissipation. The alcohol preparation method is as follows: 95% alcohol 100 ml, adding 200 ml of water, and it can be used.
You should always cover the patient with a quilt when taking an alcohol bath. About half an hour after the bath, you should use an anal meter to measure it. If your body temperature does not drop, you should be sent to the hospital for further treatment.
4. Cold water enema: For patients with body temperature as high as 40°C, 4 C saline 100- 150 ml enema can also cool down.
5. Electric fan blowing: Electric fan blowing can accelerate the body heat dissipation, but the wind direction can't be aimed at a certain part of the patient, otherwise it will catch cold locally, so you can blow a slant wind or blow with a shaking head electric fan. The wind should not be too strong and the time should not be too long, which is suitable for patients with good health and high body temperature. ?
6. Environmental cooling: In the hot season, when doing physical cooling, the environment should also be cooled, such as splashing cold water on the ground and mopping the floor with cold water to strengthen.
Extended data:
Fever, also known as fever, refers to the situation that pyrogen directly acts on the thermoregulatory center, the dysfunction of the thermoregulatory center, or the excessive heat production and reduced heat dissipation caused by various reasons, resulting in the increase of body temperature beyond the normal range.
Everyone's normal body temperature is slightly different, and it is influenced by time, season, environment, menstruation and other factors.
It is generally believed that when the oral temperature is higher than 37.5℃, the axillary temperature is higher than 37℃, or the temperature difference between days is above 1℃, it is a fever. Fever is the most common clinical symptom and an important clinical manifestation in the process of disease progression, which can be seen in many infectious and non-infectious diseases.
However, sometimes the increase of body temperature is not necessarily caused by diseases. In some cases, it can be caused by physiological increase of body temperature, such as strenuous exercise, premenstrual and pregnancy, entering a high-temperature environment or hot water bath, which can make the body temperature slightly higher than usual, and these can be restored to normal through self-regulation.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia with fever