Dandelion is a perennial herb. The conical surface of the root is brown and shriveled, the leaf margin is sometimes deeply split into wavy teeth or feathers, and the base gradually narrows into petioles. The petioles and main veins are often red and purple, and the scales are purple, which is densely covered with spider silk. Inflorescence head, bell-shaped involucral bracts, achenes dark brown, long crested hair white, fruiting from April to 10.
Dandelion is also known as Huanghuading, Mother-in-law Ding, Huahualang and other perennial compound herbs. Head-shaped inflorescence, seeds with white crown clusters, flowers float to new places with the wind after opening, giving birth to new life.
Perennial herbs. Roots slightly conical, curved, 4- 10 cm long, brown, wrinkled, brown or yellowish hairy.
The leaves are lanceolate, oblanceolate, elliptic or oblong, 4-20cm long and1-5cm wide, with blunt or acute apex, and sometimes the edges are fluted or pinnately parted, sometimes the backward feathers are deeply parted or the loose feathers are deeply parted, and the terminal leaves are large, triangular or triangular, whole or toothed, with 3-5 triangular or triangular lanceolate leaves on each side.
Scales 1- several pieces, leaves of equal length or slightly longer, height 10-25 cm, purple-red upper part, densely covered with silky white filaments; Inflorescence capitate ca. 30-40 mm in diameter. The involucral bracts are bell-shaped, 12- 14 mm long and light green; The involucral bracts are 2 ~ 3 layers, and the outer bracts are lanceolate to lanceolate, the ellipse is 8 ~ 10 mm long and 1 ~ 2 mm wide, the edge is membranous, the base is light green and purple, and the upper corners are small to medium or thickened. The inner involucral bract is linear-lanceolate, with a length of 10- 16 mm and a width of 2-3 mm, with a purplish red apex and a small horn protrusion; The hyoid bone is yellow, about 8 mm long and about 1.5 mm wide. The back of hyoid bone is purplish red with dark green anthers and stigma.
Achene is oval-lanceolate, dark brown, about 4 ~ 5 mm long and wide, about 1 ~ 1.5 mm, with a small thorn in the upper part and small tumors in the lower part arranged in rows, gradually shrinking, with a conical cylindrical beak at the top about 1 mm long, with a beak length of 6 ~ 10. Crown white, about 6 mm long. The flowering period is from April to September, and the fruit is from May to 10.
Raw dandelion is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and potassium, and also contains iron, calcium, vitamin B2, vitamin B 1, magnesium, vitamin B6, folic acid and copper. The specific element content is mainly water. Every 60g of raw dandelion leaves contains 86% water, protein1.6g, carbohydrate 5.3g, and the heat is about108.8kJ..
Dandelion plants contain many healthy nutrients such as dandelion alcohol, dandelion, choline, organic acids and inulin. Sweet, slightly bitter, cold. Liver and stomach meridians entered. It has diuretic, laxative, icteric and cholagogic effects. Treat toxic heat, carbuncle, sore, carbuncle, conjunctival congestion, damp-heat, jaundice, watery urine, furuncle, breast carbuncle, carbuncle, toothache, conjunctival congestion, sore throat, lung carbuncle and intestinal abscess. Treat acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, scrofula, furuncle, acute conjunctivitis, common cold and fever, acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, urinary tract infection, etc. Dandelion can be eaten raw, fried and made into soup. It is a plant with both medicine and food.
Fresh dandelion and dried dandelion have the same curative effect, and both have the effects of clearing away heat, detumescence and detoxification. The dosage of fresh dandelion should be large, and the dosage of dried dandelion should be small, generally 4 ~ 5 kg of fresh dandelion can be dried in one kg.
Dandelion tea drinking effect is still good, you can soak it in water with green tea, you can also soak it in water with black tea, and you can also put it in water to drink. You should start from a small amount and slowly find an amount that suits you. Soaking dandelion in water with green tea can increase the effects of clearing away heat, promoting fluid production, eliminating dampness and diuresis, and refreshing the brain. It is a very good drink for people with good body heat and gastrointestinal function, especially for those with excessive heart fire, rising liver fire, lung fire, stomach heat and excessive fire due to yin deficiency, which have therapeutic effects, and people with cold body and weak gastrointestinal function are not suitable.
Soaking in water with black tea dandelion, clearing away heat and nourishing the stomach, can alleviate dandelion's coldness, strengthen stomach and promote digestion, increase appetite, and have the influence of the brain. When you wake up, your body is empty and your gastrointestinal function is weak, heat does not hurt your stomach, but nourishing your stomach is not hot, such as gastritis and ulcer, which will take effect later. Black tea and green tea can also be drunk in bubbly water, which can strengthen the spleen to clear dampness, refresh the mind, refresh the brain and enhance stomach digestion.
If dandelion, green tea, black tea, and soaking in water make people drink in different constitutions, you need to change their dosage to adapt to different constitutions, male physique and internal calories, and you can drink more, or increase the amount of dandelion green tea to increase the calorie effect without hurting the spleen and stomach, and treat the effects on diabetes and thyroid diseases; The ratio of dandelion, green tea and black tea to people with weak constitution and cold stomach is 1:3, which does not hurt the spleen and stomach, warms the brain, tonifies the stomach and strengthens the spleen.
It is contraindicated for those with yang deficiency, external cold and spleen and stomach weakness.
Excessive dosage: After the conventional dosage is decocted, gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort and mild diarrhea, are occasionally seen. After a large dose (30g/kg) of decoction was taken for 3 days, the liver cells and renal tubular epithelial cells of the experimental rabbits were slightly turbid and swollen, and the renal tubules were narrowed, but other changes were not obvious. The subacute toxicity test in mice and rabbits showed that there were a few casts and turbid renal tubular epithelial cells in urine. Allergic reaction: after taking dandelion decoction and dandelion wine infusion, individuals will have allergic reactions such as urticaria and itching all over the body. After intravenous drip of dandelion injection, there are occasional chills, pallor, cyanosis or mental symptoms. Medicine is not right: it is mainly that dandelion is abused to treat various infections without differentiation of symptoms and signs. Most of the infections seen in clinic are heat syndrome, and dandelion generally has no adverse reactions. However, a small number of infections belong to Yin-cold syndrome, with no fever, long course of disease and weak constitution. The author generally sees that some people treat Yin-cold syndrome with large dose of dandelion, and as a result, the patient has anorexia, burnout, fatigue, sweating and pale face. There is no sign of improvement in the infected focus. If dandelion is simply regarded as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, it will have adverse reactions if it is abused.
Edible method
(1) Pickled dandelion buds, often eaten, have a refreshing effect.
The roots of dandelion can be eaten or used instead of coffee.
(3) Dandelion flowers can make wine.
(4) Dandelion leaves can be eaten raw, and its bitterness will produce a good taste when mixed with strong oil and vinegar.
Dandelion can be eaten not only raw, but also cooked. Stir-fried shredded pork with dandelion has the effect of tonifying the middle energizer, benefiting qi and detoxifying.
[6] Boiling dandelion1~ 2 minutes, and then cooking can reduce some bitterness.