Planting method of Dendrobium candidum in Yunnan 1 environmental conditions
Choose abundant rainfall, mild climate, altitude1200m ~ 2000m, annual average temperature12℃ ~16℃, absolute low temperature above 0℃ in winter, air relative humidity of 80%, good ventilation, light transmittance of 50% ~ 80%, and gentle slope of semi-cloudy and semi-sunny. Too much water can easily lead to rotten roots and buds. Under the premise of ensuring water permeability and air permeability, maintaining high humidity during the growth period is beneficial to the growth of Dendrobium, and there is no need for too much water during the dormancy period. It is observed that when the air temperature is 0℃, some leaves are frozen, stems are frozen at-1℃, and stems and roots are frozen at -2℃. Dendrobium nobile growing in high temperature environment has slender stems, low yield and poor processing quality.
2 wooden bed cultivation method
A wooden bed with a width of 1 m ~1.2 m and a length depending on the terrain was made from the corner fertilizer of a wood processing plant, and the substrate mixed with broken bark and sawdust was spread on it. 10cm plant spacing is planted on a wooden bed and fixed with bark or stones and rubble. On this basis, Hetou farmers created a stocking mode of wooden bed and fir logs, that is, on the prepared wooden bed, the small-diameter timber of tending and thinning Chinese fir was placed on the wooden bed with matrix at a certain distance, and then Dendrobium seedlings were planted on both sides of Chinese fir. This method is scientific, which not only solves the full absorption of water and fertilizer by Dendrobium, but also meets the air demand of Dendrobium, avoiding the phenomenon that root respiration is affected by excessive moisture in the matrix in rainy season.
3 Water and fertilizer management
Dendrobium nobile does not need big water and big fertilizer, but proper watering and fertilization is beneficial to improve the yield and quality. It can be sprayed with the clear solution of ternary compound fertilizer of N, P and K 100 times, and the effect is good. Dendrobium nobile doesn't have strict requirements on water in the initial stage of germination, but sufficient water in the growing period is beneficial to growth and development, so it should be watered in time in continuous sunny days, or combined with topdressing. 2. humidity. Dendrobium likes to be wet, but is afraid of too much water, too much water, poor ventilation and rotten roots, and too little water, and the substrate will dry up and die. Although Dendrobium has strong drought resistance and is short of water for a long time, the substrate surface temperature is too high, which will roast the base of Dendrobium, and if the substrate is too wet, the roots will rot and die. Fear of drought and water accumulation during the vigorous growth period. Especially in the germination and rooting period, sufficient water is needed. Therefore, in dry season, it is necessary to often use sprinkler irrigation, preferably automatic spray irrigation, to keep the substrate surface moist and not wet. In rainy season, the substrate is wet without water accumulation by adjusting the film. Water time: water in the morning in winter and spring, and water in the afternoon in summer. The law of watering is: when the temperature starts to rise in spring, watering should be started gradually; In summer, the temperature and light are strong, so it is necessary to water more to prevent the substrate from drying out; After autumn, the temperature begins to decrease, and watering gradually decreases. It is best to water in the morning when the temperature rises to 10℃. 4. Fertilize. The demand for fertilizer for the growth of Dendrobium nobile is to absorb it at low ion concentration, in other words, it only absorbs quite light fertilizer. If the concentration of fertilizer is too high, Dendrobium nobile not only can't absorb it, but also hurts its roots and leads to death. The growth and development of Dendrobium nobile requires not only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also trace elements such as calcium, iron, sulfur, zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum and copper. In the middle and late growth stage, the demand for fertilizer is relatively large, and the fertilizer needed by roots alone can not meet the growth needs, so foliar fertilization is needed. Jinlaitai, Olo fertilizer and Stanley fertilizer are OK.
4 Adjust the transmittance
In different growth stages, Dendrobium nobile has different requirements for light. Weak light in the early growth stage is beneficial to the elongation and growth of its stem, while strong light in the later growth stage is beneficial to the thickening and growth of its stem. Therefore, the yield and quality of Dendrobium nobile can be improved by appropriately increasing the shade to 50% before beginning of autumn Festival and adjusting the light transmittance to 80% after beginning of autumn.
5 pest control
There are few pests and diseases in the wild state of Dendrobium nobile. When cultivated intensively, the occurrence of pests and diseases is more common, and the yield will be reduced if it is light, and the harvest will be lost if it is heavy, which must be paid great attention to.
3.4. 1 disease
3.4. 1. 1 Dendrobium brown spot disease
It is a bacterial disease. At the onset, the young leaves show dark brown spots, and the spots are yellow around them, which gradually spread to other leaves. In severe cases, the black spots are connected to each other on the leaves, and finally the leaves wither and fall off, causing plant death. This disease often occurs in the rainy season.
Control method: use Bordeaux solution of1:150 or carbendazim 1000 times solution, or use agricultural streptomycin of100 mg/L.
3.4. 1.2 Dendrobium anthracnose
It is a fungal disease, and the damaged plants appear brown or black spots, sometimes forming several bands, which can lead to the death of the whole plant in severe cases.
Control method: spray with 50% carbendazim 1000 times or 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 times.
3.4.2 Insect pests
3.4.2. 1 aphid
There are many kinds of aphids that are harmful to Dendrobium. When harmful, the juice nutrients of tender leaves, buds and flower buds are sucked by sucking mouthparts, which results in the inhibition of plant growth, deformation and distortion of flowers and leaves, and sooty blotch induced by honey dew secreted by aphids during their growth.
Prevention and treatment methods: when the amount is small, it can be removed by hand or brush; When the quantity is large, trichlorfon can be sprayed.
3.4.2.2 scale insect
Scale insects are the main pests of Dendrobium, which are divided into two categories, namely, scale insects and mealybugs. Their reproductive ability is extremely strong, and they can be less than the whole plant within a few months. When they are harmful, they use piercing mouthparts to pierce leaves or stems to suck juice, which will hinder growth and destroy chlorophyll, and even lead to defoliation and even death of the whole plant. The honeydew secreted by it is easy to induce sooty blotch.
Control method: The late May is the peak incubation period of this pest, and the spraying effect of 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times or 1 0 ~ 2 degrees stone sulfur mixture is better.
3.4.2.3 snail
There are two kinds of this pest in Longling, one is called snail with shell, and the other is called slug without shell. It mainly harms the leaves, floral organs, fruits and young stems of Dendrobium, causing irregular scars and caves. This insect can occur many times a year, which is very harmful.
Planting steps of Dendrobium nobile 1, soak the bark (substrate) for several hours, and plant it after the bark is completely wet. Practice has proved that pine bark is the best substrate for Dendrobium candidum.
2, thick bark is placed at the bottom of the basin, and fine skin covers the surface, which is beneficial to maintaining ventilation and moisturizing.
3. When transplanting, dig a small hole 2~3cm deep in the substrate with your fingers, gently put the root of Dendrobium into the small hole, be careful not to break the fleshy root of Dendrobium, and then cover it with the substrate.
4. After planting, put some special sheep manure organic fertilizer on the bark surface, water it thoroughly, and then do not water it for the next 2-3 days.
5. In the early management process of planting, rooting powder solution can be sprayed to facilitate rooting.