First of all, the problem comes from vegetables.

We all want to eat vegetables, because vegetables are rich in nutrition, and some vegetables taste good, which is beneficial to our growth and development. However, we don't know the growth process of vegetables, nor do we. We want to grow our own vegetables. So, what do you grow? Study what? In hot weather, we sometimes drink mineral water and sometimes boiled water. Are vegetables the same as ours? Is it better to drink mineral water or tap water Most of us think it's good to water vegetables with tap water, a few people think it's good to water vegetables with mineral water, and some people think it's ok to water vegetables with any water. In order to prove which kind of irrigated vegetables is better, Teacher Wang chose me, Haan Lee, Miao Rui and Zhang Dongxu to study this problem.

Second, if you want to study, make a plan first.

Having made the decision to grow vegetables, we are eager to grow all kinds of vegetables at once, and see what they look like when they were young, growing up little by little, and whether they like drinking tap water or mineral water, or both. For those who have had several comprehensive practical activities, we must first discuss a plan and determine the activity plan.

First, we set up a plant research experimental group. Haan Lee, Miao Rui and Zhang Dongxu and I temporarily served as team leaders, each with three team members. I brought a group of Artemisia selengensis, a group of coriander from Haan Lee, a group of spinach from Miaorui and a group of Chinese cabbage from Zhang Dongxu. First of all, each group searched for detailed information about vegetables on the internet to understand the living habits and cultivation techniques of vegetables to be planted; Then Miao Rui prepares a flowerpot; Yang Fan is responsible for preparing loam rich in humus; Haan Lee and Zhang Dongxu are responsible for preparing farmyard manure as base fertilizer; Various subgroups are solved by themselves. Then we decided to grow our own vegetables and conducted a comparative experiment. Each group planted two pots of the same vegetables, using the same soil, pots, vegetables, watering amount, etc. However, one pot should be watered with mineral water and the other with tap water. It is required to water the same amount each time, and then observe and record the growth of vegetables to see what will happen.

Teacher Wang also asked us to work together, not only to complete the tasks of our group, but also to take advantage of various opportunities to pay attention to learning vegetable planting techniques.

Third, have a purpose, query information.

We read the most basic cultivation methods of these vegetables on the Internet. It's very simple: on the basis of leveling and raking the ground, first grab a handful of seeds and spread them evenly on the soil, then push them out about 5 mm and water them every two or three days.

I also read some vegetable information:

Artemisia selengensis (also known as Artemisia selengensis, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Artemisia selengensis) is an annual or biennial herb of Compositae, which is native to China and the Mediterranean region. Chromosome number 2n=2x= 18. It has a special smell and rich nutrition. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that chrysanthemum has the effects of clearing blood, nourishing heart, lowering blood pressure, moistening lung and resolving phlegm. Europe is often used as a flower bed. According to the size of leaves, chrysanthemums can be divided into chrysanthemums and chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemum morifolium, also known as Chrysanthemum morifolium or Chrysanthemum morifolium, has wide leaves, few notched leaves, thick leaves, short and thick shoots, less fiber, good quality and high yield, but it grows slowly and matures a little later, so it is widely cultivated. Chrysanthemum, also known as Chrysanthemum morifolium or Chrysanthemum morifolium, has narrow leaves, many and deep chromosomes, thin leaves, strong fragrance, thin branches and fast growth. Poor quality, low yield, cold tolerance, early maturity and less cultivation. This type has been cultivated into a young stem variety-Artemisia stem in Beijing. Chrysanthemum likes cold and cool, and is not resistant to high temperature. The optimum growth temperature is about 20℃. Growth is slow below 65438 02℃, and poor above 29℃. Sowing can be done in both spring and autumn, and autumn sowing has a long growth period and high yield. Chrysanthemum plants are small and the growth period is short, so it can be interplanted with other vegetables. There are many direct seeding, yielding 3-4 kilograms of seeds per mu (autumn sowing). Seedling raising and transplanting are also carried out in a few places such as Guangzhou. After autumn sowing, chrysanthemum needs to be watered every day before it is unearthed to keep the soil moist. When sowing in spring, chrysanthemum should be covered with plastic film to prevent cold. About 35 days after the chrysanthemum is unearthed, the height of the seedlings is 14- 16cm, and the large plants can be harvested in stages. Chrysanthemum is easy to bolting, so it should be harvested in time before bolting. However, in Beijing, high-density planting is adopted, and the harvest is late, and it is harvested after bolting and before germination. When collecting seeds, Chrysanthemum morifolium mostly selects and keeps strong plants with the characteristics of this variety in spring sowing fields. The row spacing is 30cm square, which blooms in April-May and matures in early June. Also, in autumn, we should choose a place that is sheltered from the wind and sunny, and choose excellent varieties to keep seeds. This method is effective for improving the quality, cold tolerance and late bolting of Artemisia selengensis.

Spinach (also known as spinach, Persian grass and red root vegetable) is an annual and biennial herb with green leaves as the main product. Spinach can be cold, fried or made into soup. Some countries in Europe and America use it as canned food, which is the main green leafy vegetable. Spinach likes cold and cold, and is not resistant to high temperature and strong light. When the temperature exceeds 25 degrees Celsius, it is difficult for ordinary varieties of spinach to grow normally. When the temperature of "soaking seeds to accelerate germination" reaches 30 degrees Celsius, spinach seeds are difficult to germinate.

Coriander (another name of coriander, also known as coriander, coriander) is a biennial herb in Umbelliferae, and its seedlings are mainly used as vegetables. Whether it is summer or autumn, before sowing, coriander seeds must be treated well on the basis of leveling and harrowing. You can put coriander seeds in a dustpan and rub them with soles, which not only increases the number of plants, but also improves the emergence rate. After rubbing, soak it in warm water for two days, then plant it on the ground, bury it tightly, water it, and cover it with plastic film or straw curtain. If water is often used during drought, that is, heat preservation and moisture retention, it will germinate early and germinate early. Practice has proved that this method can germinate 15 days earlier than the old method.

Chinese cabbage can't plant the seeds too deep, otherwise it is difficult for the seeds to break through the ground and grow.

So much knowledge on the internet! I see things in a blur, and I have a lot of knowledge about chromosomes, bolting, leveling and harrowing, and soaking seeds to accelerate germination. We went to ask Mr. Dong in the science class. Mr. Dong told us, "We are middle school. Can we understand a little?" In fact, we can't wait for real experimental research!

Fourth, do it yourself and grow up by yourself.

Finally looking forward to the weekend, everyone is very busy. I came to school on Monday morning and found two plastic bags of soil and two plastic bags of feces on the ground. We are really excited to think that we will start planting soon.

September 14, everything is ready to start. It's a sunny day. Teacher Dong, let's talk about how to plant it first. We already know that we just put soil in the pot, bury the seeds, then water them and wait for the seedlings to appear. It's not that simple. Although we only planted eight pots, we went through the following steps:

(1) Dump the manure, that is, pour the fermented manure out of the plastic bag (the manure after high temperature has no smell of soil), turn it over several times with a root-digging shovel, break all the large manure and pick out the stones. It's easy to watch the teacher demonstrate, but we feel clumsy when we move our hands, and the excrement poured out is really uniform. The seeds will be very comfortable in it.

(2) mixing soil, needless to say, the soil has to be treated like this. Before the teacher taught me, I got a shovel first: turning the soil, patting the clods and picking out the sundries.

3. Mix evenly: The teacher gave us a question: How to mix manure and soil evenly quickly and simply? We discussed it, first put the manure and soil together layer by layer, and then turn it up and down. The effect is good, and the teacher also praised us for "thinking about things."

(4) Pot filling: first, block the hole at the bottom of the flowerpot with stones (this is what we have encountered, and excess water can seep out without washing away the soil), and then fill the pot with soil. Because of the low water content in the soil, you can pat each layer (5- 10 cm) by hand (it feels like patting a child). Each jar contains the same amount of soil, about 2 cm from the edge of the jar.

5. Planting: Take out the seeds that we and Mr. Wang bought from the seed company. All the seeds have a special fragrance when they are taken out, and the seeds of coriander are the most fragrant. Coriander seeds are hemispherical and covered with a thin peel; The seeds of chrysanthemum are very long, two or three millimeters long; Spinach seeds are small round grains with black skin; The seeds of Chinese cabbage are similar to those of coriander. Carefully spread the seeds evenly in the basin. Teacher Wang specifically said to crush the fragrant rapeseed, but after several rubs, it turned into a hemisphere. Then, each of our four groups grabbed a handful of their own two pots and sprinkled them evenly on the soil.

6. Watering: We all water one basin with mineral water and the other with tap water. In order to pour the same amount of water, we use measuring cylinders and beakers. Teacher Dong told us, "We should water it for the first time, and then water it while watching the lack of water, and make records." We poured 500 ml, but we didn't drink enough at first, and then we poured 1000 ml. Before we poured it completely, we poured 1500 ml per pot.

⑦ Cover the soil and evenly spread a layer of fine soil on the seeds. Small seeds cover less soil, while large seeds cover more soil.

⑧ Cover with plastic film, and put a layer of colorless and transparent plastic film on the pot cover, which can not only prevent water evaporation, but also increase the soil temperature, which is beneficial to seed germination and emergence.

Pet-name ruby, labeling, we use eight identical flowerpots and cover them with the same plastic film. Only by labeling can we know which is what.

We are really a little busy and tired now. But when we saw the neatly arranged flowerpots on the windowsill, thought of the seeds sleeping comfortably in the soil and looked forward to the appearance of the unearthed seedlings, our hearts were filled with joy.

Fifth, concentrate on observing vegetable seedlings.

Observe the unearthed seedlings:

September 15, when we were together in the morning, we thought, I wonder if my baby plant has come out. Zhang Dongxu even said to himself while eating: "This seed is delicious!" Zhang Dongxu's mother said strangely, "What seed?" "No, it's vegetables." Zhang Dongxu said. Zhang Dongxu's mother said, "What are you thinking?" Zhang Dongxu said that the "seed baby" finished carrying the schoolbag and went to school. When we came to school early, the first thing we did was look at our own vegetables. To our disappointment, all the vegetables didn't sprout. On September 16, we went to see our seed baby again, but nothing changed. Miao Rui went home and asked her grandmother, "How many days does it take for spinach to grow small teeth?" Her grandmother said, "It will take more than 20 days." "It will take more than 20 days, so long!" . On September 17, Chinese cabbage sprouted in Zhang Dongxu, and green seedlings were struggling to grow. The students in their group cheered. Zhang Dongxu speaks louder than before, and our classmates in other groups are so envious! On September 18, we thought that Zhang Dongxu's group had all sprouted, and it was time for our group to raise seedlings. We prayed that I walked blindfolded to the flowerpot and suddenly opened my hand. Miracle appeared, and the seedlings grew! It is light green, like a cute little doll. They looked up at us. I touched the soil and some of it was dry, so I poured half a bottle of water on it. They really make me happy! Look at Haan Lee's coriander and Miaorui's spinach. They are all sprouting, and green heads and brains are growing out one by one. These seedlings are so cute that we jump for joy.

Observe vegetable seedlings following the sun.

In today's science class, we learned about the phototaxis of plants. In other words, every plant faces the sun. I am going to observe the vegetables we grow. Today, after class, I secretly turned all the pots 180 degrees, waiting for a miracle to happen. The next morning, I came to school and looked at the flowerpot. Miracle really appeared, and the direction of plants changed. Nature really has beautiful stories everywhere!

The vegetable seedlings are much longer, so they should be thinned.

On September 28th, when the vegetables were 2-3 cm high, the teacher asked us to pull out some of the squeezed vegetables. We feel it a pity to ask why. The teacher said: "plants should receive sunlight and make nutrition during their growth." That is to say, plants are as crowded as people and can't breathe. If it is too crowded, it will not grow or even die, so it is necessary to interplant and fix seedlings. In the future, we will learn the photosynthesis of plants, and then you should study hard! " According to the teacher's instruction, we interplanted and fixed the seedlings of coriander. I should keep a chrysanthemum of about 3cm, a Zhang Dongxu cabbage of 1 0cm, a Haan Lee parsley of1cm and a Miaorui spinach of 3cm. We use the time before computer class to plant saplings together. With the help of Mr. Wang, I left a relative number of seedlings in each pot, and now it is much more tidy. I ate the cut seedlings. Hmm! It smells delicious, much better than what I bought. I tasted the other three students' respectively, and they were also delicious. In short, they are better than those bought in the vegetable market. At this time, I thought of a sentence: "It is sweet to eat bitterness." In other words, although we are tired of growing this, we still get something from eating delicious vegetables. At first glance, the vegetables planted with thinning seedlings are very loose, and we can see the soil in the pot. But after a day, there was no soil in the pot, and it looked much neater. A few days later, we found that all kinds of vegetable seedlings grew taller, their stems became thicker and their leaves were black and oily. We are ecstatic.

There is a difference between these two pots.

On September 30th, I connected our chrysanthemums with a ruler, and found that the plants in the pot watered with tap water grew very short, while the plants watered with mineral water grew very tall and strong, indicating that the nutrition of mineral water gave chrysanthemum strength. Moreover, not only chrysanthemum likes mineral water, but also my classmates who study with me find that the pot poured with mineral water is obviously higher than that poured with tap water. This shows that it is better to water the flowers with mineral water. So we asked Mr. Dong with this question, and Mr. Dong asked us to check the information about the ingredients in mineral water. So, we checked the information again and found: "Generally speaking, natural mineral water can only be called natural mineral water if it flows out of the ground without artificial processing and filtration. If it is artificially extracted clean groundwater and properly sterilized, it is called' ordinary mineral water'. " "Tap water contains less minerals than mineral water, but tap water contains chlorine and fluorine. Chlorine has a bactericidal effect, and fluorine prevents people from decaying teeth. " And we wrote "pure water, magnesium carbonate, potassium chloride" from the trademark components of the poured "Master Kong mineral water bottle", and we found that "potassium chloride has the effect of lowering blood pressure on the human body; It is a kind of quick-acting potassium fertilizer that plants can easily dissolve in water, containing about 60% K2O and showing white, light yellow or purplish red crystals. It has good physical properties and can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing. The application of potassium chloride on acidic soil should be combined with lime and organic fertilizer. " It is also found that: "The nutrient elements needed by plants, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc., are the elements that constitute protein and then protoplasm. In addition to these six elements, there are 14 elements necessary for one or more plants, namely: calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, boron, zinc, chlorine, sodium, cobalt, vanadium and silicon. Not all plants need all these elements, but people find that all these elements are necessary for some plants. These mineral elements, together with phosphorus and sulfur, form the so-called plant ash, that is, other minerals left after carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are burned out. These 20 elements play an important role in plant growth and development. If its quantity is insufficient, it will limit the growth of plants and reduce the yield. The carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contained in plants are obtained from carbon dioxide and water, and then converted into simple carbohydrates through photosynthesis, and finally amino acids and protein are formed, and then protoplasm is formed. It is generally believed that these elements are not mineral nutrients. Apart from controlling water or, to a lesser extent, carbon dioxide, human beings can hardly change the supply of these elements to plants. The content of plant mineral elements is influenced by many factors, so its content in crops varies greatly. If you use the data of various elements in plants as a reference, you must remember this. " According to the information we met, we found Teacher Dong and said, "The vegetables we watered with mineral water grow tall because we inadvertently added useful elements such as potash fertilizer and magnesium carbonate to them. Right? " Teacher Dong encouraged us to say, "You are exploring science." We have gained a lot of knowledge again, and we are really happy!

The disaster caused by the 11 th holiday

How time flies! In a blink of an eye, it is the eleventh holiday. At this time, our four groups began to worry. Let me tell you why I am worried! The vegetables we grow are all grown up, grow well and are very green. Maybe everyone wants to say, "Isn't this great?" Good is good, but it will be bad. Who will water them after the National Day in seven days? However, it turned cloudy and sunny again, because the school asked the head teacher of each class to water it on Thursday, but Miss Wang asked another teacher to water it instead of her on Friday. I'm a little nervous. Before I left, I filled both jars with water. 10 year 10 8, the 11th holiday finally ended. When I came to school, the first thing I did was to see my "little baby", but I was disappointed. Six or seven "little babies" died, and the best one died at most five. I think, mine are all dead, others may not be alive. I found that Chinese cabbages in Zhang Dongxu are more fragile. There are almost no two alive in Miaorui, and several are dead. But when I saw the coriander in Haan Lee, I was shocked. None of the coriander in Haan Lee was dead. We come to the conclusion that coriander, second spinach, third chrysanthemum and fourth Chinese cabbage are the most drought-tolerant. We were puzzled and reported this matter to Teacher Dong. We said, "Why aren't they all dead?" Why do people who drink mineral water best die the most? Teacher Dong told us, "This is because there are many invisible holes in the leaves of plants. Plants will turn the water absorbed by roots into steam and run into the air through small holes, so that the indoor air is moist but not dry, which is beneficial to people's health. This is called transpiration of plants. Grow well, transpiration is fast, the soil in the basin dries quickly and dies much. Please check if there are other reasons. "We suddenly realized that it turned out to be the way it is, and we will be more concerned about plants in the future. After returning, I found "fertilizers containing harmful ions: ammonium chloride and potassium chloride fertilizers contain a lot of harmful chloride ions, which will produce water-soluble compounds and burn seeds and seedlings after being applied to the soil;" Ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and other fertilizers contain nitrate ions, which have a serious impact on seed germination and are not suitable for seed fertilizers. "This shows that the mineral water we poured contains potassium chloride, which also has a bad influence on our vegetables. We told this story to Teacher Dong again. Teacher Dong asked us to do a comparative experiment of seed germination, soaking the seeds with water containing potassium chloride and tap water to see if it had any effect. We just want to see how the seeds germinate!

Sixth, do experiments and observe germination.

10 10/0/2 1 day, we did a comparative experiment on seed germination with Teacher Dong. We use water containing potassium chloride and tap water for comparative experiments. Under the guidance of the teacher, we carefully observed the shape, color, size, fullness and damage of each seed, and then selected 20 seeds of chrysanthemum, coriander, spinach and cabbage from the seed company, put them into 8 identical culture vessels respectively, marked Z and K on the Petri dishes respectively, and used potassium chloride to distinguish tap water from tap water. First, they are completely immersed in tap water, and then I drop two drops of potassium chloride solution into an evaporating dish with K under the guidance of my teacher. Both of them were placed on the windowsill of the science office, and we began to wait.

10 year122 October, we went to the science group to visit the seeds in the experiment. I find that students are the ones who look at themselves first. After a night of soaking, the seeds drank enough water, became full and the seed coat was much thinner. The teacher said that the seeds are full of water, so it's time to breathe. We suck out the same amount of water with a straw, so that the seeds are half soaked in water and half exposed to the air. Keep the seeds not dry, but also in contact with the air at a suitable temperature (at this time, try to put them in a sunny place). What we are most concerned about is, when will they sprout? Is germination the same?

10 year1On October 24th, the seeds of two Chinese cabbage evaporating dishes germinated, and there was no difference. Teacher Dong asked us, "Where is Bud? Which is the bud? " We all pointed to the small white tip on the seed and showed it to Teacher Dong. Teacher Dong said, "Guess which organ it will grow into in the future?" I don't know who answered without thinking: "It must have grown into a bud." "In which direction does the bud grow?" "Of course it has gone up." The teacher doesn't make a conclusion, let us observe for ourselves. First of all, Han Li had a new idea. He said, "This seems to be a root, not a bud." We look for a magnifying glass to observe, and everyone looks at it several times, because the "bud" of Chinese cabbage is the longest, and everyone mainly observes Chinese cabbage. It turns out that this little guy has tiny fluff on the top. I don't know if I didn't see it, but I was shocked. Is it really a root? I looked it up online, and it was said that the seeds germinated first, and there were many hairs on the roots, which absorbed water and nutrients. At night, chrysanthemum and coriander both stick out a small white tip, which is tender and white, except spinach, which has not yet grown roots (so-called buds). We think that the seed coat of spinach is thick and the water entering it grows slowly. I want to open one, and the teacher told me not to hurt the radicle and cotyledon inside. I opened one and saw white radicle and green cotyledon. 10 year125 October, I found that the seeds I opened were open, and other spinach seeds had not germinated yet. The roots of Chinese cabbage, chrysanthemum and coriander grow longer and longer. By this time, the water in the evaporating dish had dried up, so we decided to add ten drops of tap water and one drop of potassium chloride liquid to them every day.

1June 18 spinach also grew white roots, but the plants in pot k were stronger in pot z, so we decided that potassium chloride did play a role as fertilizer.

10 year123 October, all plants in k pots withered and died at night. Potassium chloride is indeed right to burn seedlings and should not be used as seed fertilizer. So what concentration will affect the roots and stems and leaves? We want to continue our research in the future.

Through experiments, it was determined that the germination rate of corn was 45%, millet was 70%, millet was 40%, wheat was 95% and sorghum was 65%. Because the seeds of rice will never germinate, we wait anxiously and patiently. So that after May Day, we changed rice seeds and tested the germination rate again.

The following is the seed observation and comparison table of rice, sorghum, corn, wheat, millet and millet.

Crown daisy

pak choi

coriander

spinach

shape

extend

Round; circular

hemisphere

Round; circular

size

big

small

small

middle

colour

K

Z

K

Z

K

Z

K

Z

Seed soaking germination time (days)

2

2

1

1

2

2

five

five

Length of Young Roots of Month and Day

(cm)

germination percentage

death time

Seven, a hard work, a harvest.

We benefited a lot from this activity.

A) We have improved our practical ability. Through planting, we have experienced the joy, harvest and joy of labor. Let us personally feel that no pains, no gains. We also learned a lot of interesting scientific knowledge.

B) We encountered many difficulties in the experiment, which made us really understand the meaning of "hard-won" and thought of the hardships of farmers' uncles. The students unanimously said that they must cherish food and cherish the fruits of others' labor in the future.

This experiment is really fun! You are welcome to try it.