Steps of planting broad beans
To grow broad beans well, we must do the following work: (1) Select stubble and plot: continuous cropping of broad beans is forbidden. Continuous cropping makes plants sterile. The number of rhizobia is small, the activity is low, the pods are few, and it is easy to get sick, so the rotation of broad beans should be carried out for at least 3 years. Broad beans are adapted to slightly sticky and moist soil, but it is better to cultivate them on deep and fertile clay loam or sandy loam. (2) Sowing at suitable time: Broad beans are hardy and can be sowed from late February to mid-March. Before sowing, dig deep into the soil and apply base fertilizer properly to make a 1-meter-wide flat bed. Plant two rows in each border, dig holes in the border, the hole depth is 6-9 cm, and the hole distance is about 2 cm. Sow 2-3 seeds in each hole and flatten the border. (3) Topdressing and watering: Adequate water supply should be provided 1-2 days after sowing, which can promote early germination and early seedling. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, appropriate topdressing nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, and topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in stages during the growth period. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, magnesium and copper during flowering and pod setting can reduce flower and pod dropping, promote seed development and increase yield. Vicia faba is mainly cultivated in the early stage of growth, which increases the water retention and permeability of soil. The soil should be kept moist from the beginning of budding. Lack of water at flowering and pod-bearing stage is easy to drop flowers and pods, and the beans are not full. (4) intertillage and pruning: after the broad bean emerges, it should be checked to make up for the deficiency. At the seedling stage, intertillage and weeding should be carried out many times, and the soil should be cultivated to the roots of the plants in combination with loosening the soil to prevent lodging. Broad bean has a strong branching ability, with few branches and pods in the later stage, and it is easy to cause field closure. In production, it is necessary to cut off redundant side branches and remove growing points in time to reduce nutrient consumption, improve pod setting rate, and promote full and consistent maturity of beans. (5) Timely harvesting: young broad bean pods can be harvested in stages, from below once every 7-8 days, and mature seeds can be harvested when the broad bean leaves are withered and the middle and lower pods are fully mature, dried, threshed and stored.