Species name: Dioscorea opposita
Scientific name: Dioscorea opposita
Alias: yam, huai yam Huai yam
Family and medicinal partsThis product is the rhizome of yam of Dioscorea opposita, family Dioscoreaceae.
Flavors and Attributes Sweet, flat. It enters the lung and spleen meridians.
Effects Nourishing the spleen and stomach, benefiting the lungs and kidneys.
Clinical Applications
1. Used for weak spleen and stomach, poor appetite and body fatigue, diarrhea, and leucorrhea in women.
Yam is not dry and gentle, and is a medicine that nourishes the spleen and stomach, so it can be used regardless of spleen yang deficiency or stomach yin deficiency. Clinically used to treat less tired or spleen deficiency diarrhea, often with ginseng, atractylodes, lentils and other complementary spleen and stomach products; treatment of women's leucorrhoea, often with gorgonzola, atractylodes, poria, etc..
2, used for lung deficiency and chronic cough, kidney deficiency, dreaming, sperm slippage, frequent urination and so on.
The yam is beneficial to the lung qi, nourish the lung yin, so it can be used for lung deficiency phlegm cough cough symptoms, such as lung yin deficiency symptoms, can be used with sasanqua, maitake, etc.; this product can be beneficial to the kidney and astringent, such as kidney loss spermatorrhea, can be used with the ripened ground, cornelian cherry, dragon bone and so on; such as urination, can be used with the Zhi Ren, cuttlebone, etc..
In addition, this product is also suitable for thirst, can be used with the raw land, Huang Jie.
Prescribed with famous yam, Chinese yam, Chinese yam (remove the outer skin, wash, dry, and break for use).
General Dosage and UsageThree qian to one tael, decocted.
According to the original name of yam is Dioscorea opposita, it is tonic but not stagnant, not hot and not dry, it can tonify the spleen qi and benefit the stomach yin, so it is a medicine that cultivates and nourishes the spleen and stomach with a calm nature. As for its role in tonifying the lungs and benefiting the kidneys, it is weak and can only be used as an adjunct in general. Cure thirst.
Literature excerpts from Ben Jing: "Mainly injures the middle, replenishes deficiency, removes cold and heat, tonifies the middle and benefits qi strength, grows muscles, and strengthens yin."
Da Ming Materia Medica: "Mainly draining essence, forgetfulness."
Ben Cao Gang Mu (Compendium of Materia Medica): "Benefiting kidney qi, strengthening the spleen and stomach, stopping dysentery, dissolving phlegm and saliva, and moistening the skin and fur.
Origin and Distribution
It is distributed in North China, Northwest China and Yangtze River Basin provinces and regions.
Morphological features
Rootstock thick, straight, up to 1 meter long. Leaves alternate, to the middle above the opposite, rare or 3 whorls, often bead buds between the leaf axils (zero Yu Zi), the shape of the leaf blade varies, triangular-ovate to triangular broadly ovate, often 3-lobed to y cleft. Flowers dioecious, very small, greenish white, both in spikes, male inflorescences erect, female inflorescences decurrent. Capsule 3-winged.
Growth habit
Hardy, light-loving. It is suitable to grow in well-drained, loose and fertile loamy soil. Avoid waterlogging. Underground stems are cylindrical, fleshy and plump. Stem cylindrical, leaf axils bearing ovate bead buds. Leaf blade triangular-ovate to triangular-broadly ovate, base hastate-cordate. Male inflorescences spikelike, not pendulous, long axis mostly zigzag, male flowers subsessile, bracts triangular-ovate, shorter than perianth, tepals 6, ovate, stamens 6, developed; female inflorescences similar to male, ovary stigma-3-lobed. Capsule 3-winged, fruiting wings several times as long as wide, shortly stipitate, with 2 seeds per locule, inserted in center; seeds ovoid, surrounded by thin chestnut-shell-colored wings, wings ca. 6 mm wide, unequally wide all around. Flowering June-August, fruiting August-October.
Garden Use
Dioscorea can be used as vertical greening material for climbing fences in gardens. The tubers are often eaten as vegetables. The tubers (yam) and bead buds (zeroyuzi) are used medicinally to strengthen the spleen.
Propagation and cultivation
Breeding by sowing, planting bead buds or tubers (cut into small sections 4-7 cm long)
Cultivation techniques:
Cultivar selection
Currently, the main cultivated varieties of yam are the long yam with fine hair, the yam with two hairs, and the yam with Japanese "yam and taro", and other varieties. The main varieties of yam currently grown are the fine-haired long yam, the two-haired yam and the Japanese "Yamato" yam. The fine-haired long yam and the two-haired yam belong to the common yam long column varieties. Japanese yam is a strong adaptability, good quality, disease resistance, high yield, promising varieties. Peng Juntian is the choice of Japanese "Yamato" yam varieties.
Selected ditch and bed
Yam planting should try to avoid heavy cropping, generally every three years crop rotation, and avoid planting peanuts, taro stubble. To choose a deep, loose and fertile soil plots as well, the requirements of the upper and lower soil quality is consistent, such as the lower layer of clay soil layer and white sandy hillock soil layer, ditching should be thoroughly broken, at least 1 ~ 1.2 meters of soil layer can not be clay, soil sand particles and other interlayers. Otherwise, it will affect the appearance of the tubers and have an impact on the quality. The soil is preferable to neutral, and at present, the opening of furrows is generally used to mechanically open the furrow. Yam cultivation in the north-south direction is appropriate, can take two rows of planting or single row planting (according to individual plots need to be east-west planting when you can take the row spacing widening), two rows of planting, large row spacing of 1.7 ~ 1.8 meters, small row spacing (ditch spacing of two trips of the yam) 40 centimeters, the plant spacing in the 20 ~ 25 centimeters, the depth of the ditch 85 ~ 100 centimeters, the ditch width of 70 centimeters. When leveling the ground and making the beds, it should be leveled to prevent uneven watering when watering. In addition, it is necessary to do a good job of drainage design to ensure that there is no stagnant water in the field beds. Single row planting row spacing 80 ~ 100 cm, ditch width 30 cm, ditch depth 90 ~ 100 cm, plant spacing 20 ~ 25 cm.
The right time to sow
The greenhouse yam usually start planting around New Year's Day, generally require the surface 5 cm ground temperature stable more than 9 ~ 10 ℃. Before sowing the yam seedlings to dry a little, so that you can activate the seed potato, but also to play a role in sterilization, high germination rate. If you use yam stems cut off to make seed potato, you can use lime powder to dip well in time at the incision, which can play the role of sterilization. In the seed to do a piece of buds under, the size of the general large piece under, so that the buds will come out of the flush, in addition, but also with 500 times of carbendazim, 1000 times of powder rust Ning, 72% of Chlorothalonil 1000 times soaked seeds for 3 to 5 minutes, drying can be sown.
Yam to organic fertilizer (such as rotting cake fertilizer, chicken manure, duck manure or human and animal manure, etc.) as the main, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, the amount of general per acre can be applied to 2,000 to 4,000 kilograms, plus high-potassium composite fertilizer 40 to 60 kilograms, or yam with special bio-organic fertilizers 200 to 300 kilograms, and the soil is fully mixed well to prevent seedling burning.
Field management
1, shallow fertilizer. If the base fertilizer is applied more, less fertilizer or no fertilizer, in order to ensure that the yam is high yield, generally 2 to 3 times, in the ground when the plant grows to about 1 m, a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and then every week or so after that, 3 times can be used. Yam expansion period to phosphorus and potassium content of high multi-element compound fertilizer (yam on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium demand ratio is 1.5: 2: 5), about 30 kg per mu, it is best to take the method of flushing. Late growth can be foliar sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea to prevent premature failure. In particular, it is important to note that the absorption of yam root system is shallow, occurring early, was horizontally stretched, fertilizer should be applied into the shallow soil layer for yam root absorption.
2, frame to be firm. Shelf and weeding yam after sowing covered with 6 to 10 cm of floating soil, watering with "yam herbicide" 150 to 200 grams of 100 kg of water evenly sprayed, and then cover the film, the emergence of seedlings in a timely manner after the erection of shelves, frame height of about 2 meters, the front of the "people" Zigzag, side diagonal cross, every 7 to 8 meters with a thick bamboo pole or stick reinforcement, in short, must be firmly built to prevent crooked.
3, clever watering. Yam afraid of flooding should not be too drought, if too drought will seriously affect the expansion of yam, especially in the tuber expansion period, time about mid-April to late May, this period is generally about 10 days to water a thorough watering, watering in late May after watering to be appropriate according to soil moisture.
4, pest control to follow. Pests and diseases in the heavy crop plots heavier, the first year of planting plots lighter, in the yam vine on the shelf, start spraying control.
The main disease of yam is anthracnose, a fungal disease, the old people say leaf drop disease, the performance of the early leaf yellowing, leaf blade appeared small spots, and finally the stem withered and leaf drop, this disease in order to prevent the main, do a good job rotating crops and changing stubble, choose disease-free seed potatoes, before sowing, use 25% polymyxin powder 500 times to dip the seed for 25-30 minutes for the disinfection of seed potatoes, cultivation and strengthen the field management, to strengthen the plant's resistance to disease.
Generally in the early stage of the disease with 70% Dyson Manganese Zinc 500 ~ 600 times liquid, 50% Metribuzin 700 ~ 800 times liquid spray alternately, the onset of the disease can be used in Japan, "Yamato taro" yam special formulation of pesticides, the early stage of the disease every 7 ~ 10 days for spraying, generally spraying 2 ~ 3 times can be continuous.
Harvest
Normal open-ground yam harvest is very long, from August 20 to the next year in April, May, yam in the ground does not rot, does not deteriorate, generally before and after the frost for the centralized harvesting period for the Spring Festival market. But greenhouse yam is different, due to the harvest time in June 20 or so, the yam itself has less starch content, high moisture content, so intolerant of long storage, greenhouse yam should be harvested in a timely manner after the sale. In addition, due to the scale of planting and other factors, greenhouse yam is now more manual digging, because the skin of the yam is very thin, when digging yam to prevent mechanical damage, yam with mud wrapped skin stacked for sale.
Name: yam, earth yam, yam, yam, yam, yuyen.
Odor: (root) sweet, warm, flat, non-toxic.
Attacks: 1, heart and abdominal distension, hands and feet syncope, do not think of food. Use Dioscorea spp. half raw and half fried as minced. Each serving two money, rice soup off Ding. The day to take two.
2, forbidden mouth dysentery. The treatment is the same as the above.
3, urination. Dioscorea (alum boiled in water), white poria, equal parts of the end. Each serving two coins, water to send down.
4, phlegm wind asthma. Use the raw Dioscorea (pounded) half a bowl, add sugar cane juice half a bowl, and well, a drink.
5, weak spleen and stomach, do not want to eat. Dioscorea, Atractylodes macrocephala each one or two, ginseng seven and a half, *** research for the end, add water and paste made into pills, such as small beans. Each serving forty to fifty pills, rice soup sent down.
6, dampness and heat deficiency. With Dioscorea, Cangzhu and other points, add rice to make pills rice soup to take.
7, the first swelling poison. With the mud of Dioscorea, castor beans, glutinous rice and other points, soaked in water, research and apply a fine coating that is dispersed.
8, hands and feet frostbite. Dioscorea a cut, grinding mud on.
Roots and stems into medicine, nourishing and strong, treating deficiency of the spleen and stomach, etc., can also be used as a side food and raw materials for winemaking.
Shield-leaf Dioscorea, Dioscoreaceae, rhizome horizontal, similar to ginger, also known as yellow ginger. The root is used as medicine.
The rhizome of Dioscorea peltata is mainly used for the extraction of diosgenin, which is a good raw material for the synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone drugs. Now the international and domestic use of Diosgenin as raw material to produce 60 to 70 kinds of steroid hormone drugs, widely used in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, contraceptives and other aspects.
Nutritional Analysis
1. Strengthening the spleen, stomach and digestion:
Yam contains amylase, polyphenol oxidase and other substances, which is conducive to the spleen and stomach digestion and absorption function, is a flat tonic for the spleen and stomach of the dual-use of medicine and food products. Whether the spleen Yang deficiency or stomach Yin deficiency, can be eaten. Clinically, it is often used to treat weak spleen and stomach, eating less body tiredness, diarrhea and other diseases;
2. Nourish the kidney and benefit the essence:
The yam contains a variety of nutrients, there is a strong body, nourish the kidney and benefit the role of the essence. All kidney loss sperm, women's leukorrhea, urination, etc., can be served;
3. beneficial lung cough:
Yam contains saponins, mucus, lubrication, moisturizing effect, so it can be beneficial to the lungs, nourish the lungs, lung yin, lung deficiency phlegm cough cough of the disease;
4. lowering blood glucose:
Yam contains mucus proteins, has a lowering of glucose, can be used for the treatment of diabetes, is diabetic diet. Treatment of diabetes, diabetic dietary therapy good;
5. prolong life:
Yam contains a large number of mucus protein, vitamins and trace elements, can effectively prevent the precipitation of blood lipids in the blood vessel wall, to prevent cardiovascular disease, and to obtain the benefit of tranquillity and prolong life;
6. anti-hepatic coma
Research has found that yam has a sedative effect, can come to the anti-hepatic coma. The study found that yam has a sedative effect, which can be used to fight against hepatic coma.
Related People
The general public can eat.
1. suitable for diabetics, bloating, weak after illness, chronic nephritis patients, long-term diarrhea;
2. yam has astringent effect, so dry stools should not be eaten; in addition to solid evil people avoid eating yam.
Food Compatibility
Don't eat yam and Gan Sui together; also should not be taken with alkaline drugs.
Preparation guide
1. Yam needs to be soaked in salt water immediately after slicing to prevent oxidization and blackening.
2. When fresh yam is cut, there will be mucus, it is very easy to slip the knife and hurt your hand, you can wash it with water and a little vinegar first, which can reduce the mucus.
3. Yam has a delicate texture and sweet flavor, however, the skin of the yam can easily lead to skin allergies, so it's best to use the peeling method, and after peeling the yam hands do not touch, wash your hands a few times right away, otherwise you will scratch wherever itchy.
4. Good yam skin without injury, with mucus, fault snow white, mucus more, less water. The skin can be freshly fried, or dried and fried soup, porridge. Remove the skin to eat, so as not to produce numbness, prickly and other abnormal taste.
5. Fresh yam is mostly used for coughing and thirst disease, fried and eaten to treat the spleen and stomach, kidney qi deficiency.
The therapeutic effect
Yam taste sweet, nature flat, into the lung, spleen, kidney meridian; not dry and not greasy;
Spleen and lung, stomach, kidney, kidney, kidney essence, bright ears and eyes, help the five organs, strong bones and bones, the long Zhi Anshen, prolonging the life of the efficacy;
The main treatment of the spleen and stomach weakness, tiredness, lack of appetite, long-term diarrhea, lung qi, phlegm and coughing, kidney qi deficiency, weakness and weakness, the waist and knees. deficiency, lumbar and knee weakness, lower limb impotence, thirst and frequent urination, spermatorrhea and premature ejaculation, leucorrhea, skin redness and swelling, obesity and other diseases.
Other related
"Compendium of Materia Medica" summarizes the five functions "benefit kidney qi, strengthen the spleen and stomach, stop dysentery, phlegm and saliva, moisten the skin," yam porridge or simmering with rock sugar and take, poor health, intestinal inflammation, renal deficiencies, and other chronic diseases have therapeutic effects.
1. tonifying the spleen and stomach: treating weakness of the spleen and stomach, diarrhea, body fatigue, low food, sweat.
2. Benefiting the lungs and nourishing the kidneys: this product is not cold and not dry, with a sweet taste and moist texture, it can treat thirst, spermatorrhea and dyspareunia, which are caused by the deficiency of the lungs and kidneys.