When I was in beginning of autumn, the grain was ripe, and the fields were full of golden yellow, which was particularly beautiful. This period was also the happiest and most tiring time for farmers' uncles. I was glad that the sweat I paid finally paid off, and the farming process was also the most tiring time. Let's take a look at the date and time of 20021year. Is it beginning of autumn?
202 1 what time is it in beginning of autumn?
The solar term in beginning of autumn in 20021year is on August 7th1year in Gregorian calendar, and on Saturday, June 29th, in the lunar calendar. However, not all regions of the country will enter autumn on this day. Because of China's vast territory, some regions will be two or three solar terms late, and the average daily temperature is between10℃-22℃ for five consecutive days. Entering autumn means that the hot weather has passed and the weather will become very cool.
Beginning of autumn is the first 13 of the 24 solar terms, and it is the end of the last month of the dry calendar and the beginning of the application for the moon; The time is around the first day of July in the lunar calendar (between August 7 and 9 in the Gregorian calendar). "Autumn" means that the summer is cool, which means the beginning of autumn. When we arrived in beginning of autumn, the plane tree began to shed its leaves, so there is an idiom "You know autumn when you lose a leaf". From a literal point of view, the word "autumn" is composed of the words "grain" and "fire", which means the maturity of grain. Autumn is a transitional season in which the weather turns from hot to cold, and then from cold to cold. beginning of autumn is the first solar term in autumn.
First, the origin of solar terms in beginning of autumn
In ancient times, beginning of autumn was divided into three periods: "A cool breeze arrived at the beginning". After beginning of autumn, northerly winds began to blow in many areas of China, and southerly winds gradually decreased. The small north wind brought coolness to people. "White dew falls in the second hour", because the sunshine is still very strong during the day and the cool breeze blows at night to form a certain temperature difference between day and night, and the water vapor in the air condenses into crystal dew on outdoor plants in the morning. The cicada, with plenty of food and the right temperature, sings proudly on the branches blown by the breeze, as if to tell people that the hot summer has passed. The waiting period is 5 days, beginning of autumn 15 days, and it gradually gets cold. Cooling is a climate trend. According to the description of beginning of autumn Sanhou, this may happen when the climate is cold.
The solar terms in beginning of autumn indicate that the hot summer is coming and autumn is coming. When beginning of autumn arrived, many parts of our country were still in the hot summer. After beginning of autumn, although the summer heat is hard to disappear for a while, there is still the afterglow of "autumn tiger", but the general trend of the weather is that the weather is getting cooler. The temperature difference between morning and evening is gradually obvious. It is often very hot during the day, but it is cooler at night. Of course, due to the different climates in different parts of the country, the real start time of autumn is also inconsistent.
In reality, there are several kinds of divisions for the beginning of autumn: among the 24 solar terms, beginning of autumn, the fourth solar term, is the beginning of autumn; In astronomy, according to the earth's orbit around the sun, the "autumnal equinox" is regarded as the beginning of autumn; In climate statistics, because 1 month is generally the most Leng Yue and July is the hottest month, March-May is spring, June-August is summer, and September-1month is the beginning of autumn. On the daily average temperature, when the daily average temperature is ≤22℃~≥ 10℃ for five consecutive days, the first day is taken as the start date of autumn.
The earliest Heilongjiang and northern Xinjiang in Qiu Lai will also enter autumn in mid-August. In general, in the first half of September, the sky in North China (the capital Beijing in early September) began to be high and cloudy; Southwest and north, Qinhuai area in mid-September feel the autumn wind to send cool; /kloc-the autumn wind blows to Jiangnan in early October; 1In the second half of October, the Lingnan summer heat disappeared; 1 1 The information of autumn comes to Leizhou Peninsula and the northern part of Hainan Island; When the footsteps of autumn reached the "Tianya Haijiao" in Sanya, Hainan Province, it was almost New Year's Day.
Beginning of autumn Day is particularly important to farmers' friends. There is an agricultural proverb that says, "Autumn is harvested when thunder strikes" and "When it is sunny in beginning of autumn, farmers don't exert themselves". This means that if thunder is heard on beginning of autumn Day, crops will fail in winter; If the weather in beginning of autumn is fine, we can live in good weather, and we can wait for a bumper harvest without the worries of drought and flood. In addition, there are "everything is collected in July and autumn, and everything is lost in June and autumn", "the north wind before autumn and the rain after autumn; After autumn, the north wind dries the bottom of the river. In other words, in beginning of autumn in July of the lunar calendar, the grain harvest is expected. If beginning of autumn Day falls in June of the lunar calendar, you will apologize if the grain is not ripe. The north wind blows in front of beginning of autumn, and it will rain after beginning of autumn. If the north wind blows after beginning of autumn, there may be a drought this winter.
Second, beginning of autumn solar terms customs
In China's feudal society, there was also the custom of welcoming autumn in beginning of autumn. On this day, feudal emperors personally led civil and military officials to set up altars in the suburbs to welcome autumn. At this time, it is also the season when the sergeants begin to practice their fighting skills and prepare for battle.
1, beginning of autumn Festival
Beginning of autumn Festival, also known as July Festival, starts on August 7th or 8th every year in the Gregorian calendar. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was the Emperor of Japan who personally led the princes and doctors of the three counties and nine counties, went to the western suburbs to welcome the autumn, and held a ceremony of offering sacrifices to Shao Hao and Ru Shou (see "Ritual Sacrifice and Moon Order"). Han dynasty still inherited this custom. History of Sacrifice in the Later Han Dynasty: "On the day of beginning of autumn, autumn was welcomed in the western suburbs, and Ru Shou, the white emperor, was sacrificed. The car flag was dressed in white, and the song" Xihao "and Ba Shu dance" Yu Ming "were performed. And the son of heaven entered the nursery to shoot sacrifices, in order to recommend the ceremony of the ancestral temple, named Japanese body Liu. Killing animals as sacrifices shows Qiu Lai's intention to promote martial arts. " In the Tang Dynasty, every beginning of autumn Day, five emperors were also sacrificed. New Tang Book? Rites and Music Records: "beginning of autumn beginning of winter worships five emperors in the suburbs." In the Song Dynasty, on the day of beginning of autumn, both men and women wore catalpa leaves to match the time sequence. There is the custom of cutting and carving the petals with heather red leaves and inserting them into the temples, and there is also the custom of swallowing seven small red beans with autumn water (see "Lin 'an Years"), which clearly inherits the Song custom. In the Qing Dynasty, on the day of beginning of autumn Festival, people were weighed by hanging scales, and compared with the number of people weighed in the summer, to test their fatness in the summer. Since the Republic of China, in the vast rural areas, it has been a custom to predict the cold and hot weather in beginning of autumn during the day or night. There is also the custom of tasting new things with watermelons and green beans and offering sacrifices to ancestors. In beginning of autumn, the day before, Chen Bing melons, steamed preserved eggplant, fried fragrant incense and other customs.
2. Autumn Busy Meeting
The autumn busy meeting is usually held in July and August of the lunar calendar, which is a business and trade conference to prepare for the autumn busy. Some are held in combination with temple fairs, and some are held for the busy autumn. Its purpose is to exchange production tools, sell livestock, exchange food and daily necessities. Its scale is the same as that of summer busy meeting, with mule market, grain market, farm tools production market, cloth market, Beijing-Guangzhou grocery market and so on. Nowadays, such gatherings are called "economic and trade exchange conferences". During the meeting, there will be theatrical performances, horse racing, monkey tricks and other cultural programs to entertain.
3, paste autumn fat
It is popular in beginning of autumn to weigh people by hanging scales, and compare their weight with that of long summer to test their fatness. Weight loss is called "bitter summer". Because people have no appetite in summer, and their meals are light and simple. After two or three months, they will lose a little weight. At that time, people's judgment on health was often based only on fat and thin. Of course, if you are thin, you need to "make up". When the autumn wind comes together, when the appetite is big, we should eat something good, add some nutrition, and compensate for the loss in summer. The way to make up for it is to "paste the autumn fat": on this day in beginning of autumn, all kinds of meat, stew and barbecue braised pork, and so on, "paste the fat with meat".
"Sticking autumn fat" is popular among the people in Beijing and Hebei. On this day, ordinary people eat stewed meat, while those who pay attention to it eat boiled meat and braised pork, as well as jiaozi, stewed chicken, stewed duck and braised fish.
4, gnawing autumn
The city people bought a watermelon to go home in beginning of autumn that day, and the whole family gathered around to chew it, which was autumn. Farmers, on the other hand, chew autumn much more boldly. They sat on the floor in groups of three or five in the melon shed and under the shade, holding red watermelon, green melon, whisked sweet potato and golden corn cob. What is expressed in autumn is actually a kind of harvest joy.
5. Qiushe
The Autumn Society was originally a day for offering sacrifices to the land gods in autumn, which began in the Han Dynasty. Later generations set the Autumn Society on the fifth day after beginning of autumn. At this time, the harvest has been completed, and both the government and the people offer sacrifices to God to thank them. Song Shiqiu Society had the custom of eating cakes, drinking and women's mothering. Tang Han Wo's poem "No See": "I would like to be a royal swallow, and I will not return when the autumn society returns." In some places, there are still sayings of "doing cooperatives", "respecting the gods of cooperatives" and "cooking porridge for cooperatives".