Choose a good land, orchard mountain or flat land. First, make a good bed, and the bed width should be 1 m, which is good for management operation. The seeds should be germinated first, and the seeds should be sown when the buds are white. After sowing, cover with fine soil or fine sand for 0.8cm. Emerge after 7 days, about 28 days, when the seedlings have 3-4 leaves, they can be planted, with long rows, row spacing of 60-70 cm, plant spacing of 20-25 cm, and the fixed value of each hole is double.
If you want to have a high yield and premature delivery, plant seed roots and apply sufficient farmyard manure when preparing the soil, such as applying diammonium 15 kg per mu of chemical fertilizer and 5 kg of potassium fertilizer. After fertilization, ridging, then leveling the furrow, placing the roots of the girl, double-ridging and covering the soil, and flattening. After emergence, seedlings should be opened, and the spacing between plants is about 20cm. During the growth period, shovel weed and spray dwarf hormone twice to prevent overgrowth. Spraying secondary manganese before fruit harvest to prevent the spot disease of mother-in-law Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice can improve early maturity and yield.
In the middle and late August, the red fruit begins to be harvested, and a batch of ripe fruits can be harvested, and all of them can be harvested by mid-September.
Planting techniques of girl fruit:
1, the choice of the girl fruit plantation. Bottleneck fruit likes to grow in loose and fertile soil with more humus. When building a garden on a hillside, a gentle slope zone with a slope not exceeding 10 degree should be selected.
2. Planting. The row spacing of plants is 1 m×1m, the depth and width of planting holes are 40 cm each, and 5 kg of farm manure is applied to each hole. When planting, put the seedlings in the pit, one person lifts the seedlings, one person cultivates the soil, is practical, and is fully watered. After planting, the hole surface is required to be 8 8- 10/0cm lower than the ground, so as to keep moisture during the growing season.
3. Trim. In the second year after planting, the fruit begins to bear fruit, and 2-3 fruits grow on one ear. In the year when seedlings are planted, 4-5 healthy basal branches should be selected, and from the second year onwards, 4-5 healthy basal branches should be reserved each year, and a clump of 16-20 basal branches should be generally reserved. In 4-5 years, each tree can form a high yield of 5- 15 kg. However, the branches in the cluster are too dense, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, the lower parts of the backbone branches are easy to be bald, the inner cavity is fruitless, and the yield is low. Therefore, special attention should be paid to pruning when entering the fruiting period to keep ventilation and light transmission. The method is: thinning weak branches, retracting perennial branches and cutting off redundant basic branches for over-dense plants.
4. Field management. Special attention should be paid to strengthening soil management, eliminating weeds and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. Before flowering and in the growth period of new shoots, irrigation should be done in time in case of dry weather, and fertilization should be done 2-3 times a year. Every year, after defoliation in the middle and late days of 10, the soil should be buried to prevent cold, and the thickness of the soil should be such that no branches are exposed. The winter protection will be lifted in mid-April, which can ensure the normal growth and fruiting of the plants.
5. Seedling propagation. Horizontal layering method can be used. In spring, a radial longitudinal groove is formed outward from the plant cluster, and the depth is about 15 cm. Select the robust 1 year-old new branches, bend the branches downwards and lead them horizontally to the longitudinal ditch, so that the whole branches are close to the bottom of the ditch, and several branches can be placed in a ditch, but it should be noted that there should be a certain distance between them for the new roots to grow, and then fill the ditch with the top of the branches exposed from the ground. As the new shoots on the layering grow taller and taller, the soil shall be cultivated in stages to make the base of the new shoots take root. When the leaves fall in autumn, each new plant with roots is separated from the mother plant and becomes an independent plant. Horizontal layering is easy to operate, with high survival rate and strong seedlings.
6, pest control. The main pests and diseases of the fruit are powdery mildew and winged moth. Powdery mildew mainly harms leaves. At the initial stage, there is a layer of white powdery mildew on the surface or back of leaves, which turns from white to dark brown, with black particles scattered on it, and spreads to petioles, fruit stalks and branches. Prevention and control methods: We should pay attention to reasonable close planting (Chuangye Net www.Cyone.com.cn/) to ensure light transmission conditions. At the initial stage of the disease, we can choose 12.5% terbutazole to spray with 2000-2500 times solution, which can be sprayed continuously for 2-3 times. Generally, through-winged moths harm the branches, buds and leaves of the plant with larvae, causing the damaged branches and leaves to fall off and wither and dry up. Prevention and control methods: combined with pruning, the cut damaged branches are burned centrally; It can also be controlled with malathion 2000-3000 times solution.
7. harvesting. Bottleneck fruit usually ripens in June-July, and gloves should be worn when harvesting because the new tip has thorns. The harvested fruits can be directly listed. Mature fruit can also stay on the tree for more than 1 month, and still maintain its original flavor.
Matters needing attention in the planting of girl fruit:
1. Land selection: Physalis alkekengi has strong vitality, not strict requirements for soil conditions, wide adaptability and strong resistance, and loam or sandy loam with fertile soil and good drainage is the best soil. In the early spring, the whole land was leveled, the soil moisture was suppressed, and the agricultural fertilizer was applied in the ridge. Avoid sand, thinness and depressions. Although the requirements for the soil of Physalis alkekengi are not strict, it is better to use fertile soil, and more farmyard manure should be applied, with 3 ~ 4 m fertilizer per mu? High-quality farmyard manure is applied in the old ditch. If the quality of fertilizer is low and the amount is small, it will directly affect the output of sour pulp. In addition, ferrous sulfate can be applied to the fertilizer to eliminate the germs in the seedbed and farmyard manure. Too sticky soil or low-lying land often leads to root rot, so different land preparation methods should be chosen according to the land. Although the land selection is different, the soil in the planting area should be carefully cultivated as far as possible, and foot manure should be applied, mainly farmyard manure.
2. Propagation: vegetative propagation with rhizomes is a common method of artificial cultivation. Rhizome propagation has the advantages of fast propagation, easy mastering, easy seedling protection and robust plants. Rhizomes of Physalis alkekengi have many adventitious buds. In the north, rhizomes of wild Physalis alkekengi are planed before and after Qingming Festival, and the disease-free and pest-free rhizomes are selected as "seeds". The strong ones are the best, and they are cut into small sections of about 150 cm, with 2 ~ 3 adventitious buds left in each section. Plant spacing10 ~13cm, watering, covering 3 ~ 5cm thick soil after water infiltration to prevent ventilation and drainage, raking the soil evenly along the structure, watering after suppression, raking the ditch into a flat bed with an iron rake, and at the temperature of 18℃ or so,/kloc-0.
3. Seedling management: Based on the principle of "the fertile land should be thin and the thin land should be thick", one tree should be left every 20 ~ 30cm. Intertillage weeding, after planting10 ~15d, seedlings can emerge, and after emergence, three shovels and three trips should be carried out to eliminate weeds. When the seedling height is 7-8 cm, shovel the first time, then the second time, and complete the third time at the end of June or early July. The whole process should be completed with three shovels and three trips, and drainage should be paid attention to in rainy season. It is necessary to apply more farm manure, timely irrigation and drainage, keep the soil moist and increase the yield. When the seedling height is13-17 cm, the water and fertilizer requirements will increase gradually, and 20-25 kg phosphate fertilizer can be applied after the seedling. After water and fertilizer management, the seedlings should be watered properly according to soil moisture, and the water should be less and diligent, and then intertillage should be carried out to promote root development. Water more properly in flowering period to ensure the supply of water, reduce the number of watering properly in fruiting period, and pay attention to drainage in rainy season and low-lying areas to prevent root rot. When the first fruit is set, it can be combined with watering, and topdressing urea 1kg per mu. After the first fruit is fully grown and expanded, topdressing is carried out for the second time, and 400 ~ 500 kg of human excrement and urine is applied per mu. After the second fruit is ripe, the third topdressing can be carried out, and urea 15kg can be applied per mu, and foliar topdressing can be carried out, and1~ 2 times should be watered in the middle of topdressing.
Fruit harvesting, storage and processing
1. harvesting: the fruit of Physalis alkekengi falls off naturally after ripening, and it is harvested manually, and its quality is the best. Mature fruit has yellow calyx, light yellow fruit and rich fragrance. If the fruit is not mature enough and tastes bad, it should be ripened. The fruit can be sprayed with 2000 times ethephon and piled up until it is fully mature. For fruits stored or exported for transportation, it is advisable to keep calyx outside the fruit.
2. Storage and processing: the fruit of Physalis alkekengi is a berry, and the persistent calyx is easy to dry, but the fruit has a large water content and a lot of sugar, so it is difficult to dry, and it is even more difficult to store and preserve. After the fruit is harvested, it should be placed in a cool, dry and ventilated place, spread evenly with a thickness of 5 ~ 6 cm, and turned over in time to make the calyx outside dry. Under this condition, it can be stored for 3 ~ 5 weeks, but it must be turned over and ventilated frequently. If conditions permit, the fruit of Physalis alkekengi can be stored in cold storage for 3 months at 3-5℃ and 85-90% humidity. One method commonly used by the people is to thread the harvested sour berries into strings, each string can be determined according to the situation, and the string of sour pulp can be hung in a ventilated place for several months.