First, when can purple potatoes be planted
The planting time of purple potatoes is generally the same as that of ordinary planting time. China potatoes are generally planted from October to December, and can be harvested from January to March next year. However, if climatic conditions permit, potatoes can be planted all year round in theory, and the specific cultivation time must be decided according to the local climate.
second, which places are suitable for planting purple potatoes
it is advisable to choose sandy soil with flat terrain, dryness, convenient irrigation, loose soil texture, deep and fertile soil. Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hebei and so on. Purple potatoes can be planted in Shandong, Hebei, and the Central Plains. Purple potatoes like hot and cold, and the soil temperature should be controlled at 1-2℃ after sowing.
3. How to plant purple potatoes with high yield
1. Prepare for ploughing
(1) Site selection: purple potatoes are fibrous root crops. Tuber expansion needs a deep, loose and well-permeable soil layer, so choosing sandy soil with high and dry terrain, flat terrain, convenient drainage, loose soil quality, deep and fertile soil is the soil foundation to ensure high yield.
(2) stubble arrangement: purple potato should not be rotated with solanaceae crops such as tobacco, eggplant, pepper and sweet potato, and it is better to take wheat, corn, Chinese cabbage, radish and onion as the previous stubble.
(3) soil preparation: deep ploughing in purple potato planting area before winter, generally 25-3cm. Fine soil preparation in early spring, fine soil, no large clods, improve soil water retention capacity.
(4) applying base fertilizer: purple potato is high in yield and likes fertilizer. Every 1kg of fresh potato needs .5kg of nitrogen, .2kg of phosphorus and .95kg of potassium, and the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is generally 2:1:4. Mainly cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken manure, green manure and compost, supplemented by appropriate chemical fertilizers. Combined with the whole, decomposed organic fertilizer is applied for 3-5ms, calcium phosphate is 8-1kg, potassium sulfate is 15-2kg and urea is 15kg every 667m2.
2. Seed potato treatment
(1) Seed selection: 2-3 days before planting, seed potatoes with disease-free and wound-free, smooth skin, fresh skin color, many bud eyes, uniform size and conforming to variety characteristics are selected, and abnormal, cracked, necrotic bud eyes and diseased potato blocks are removed, about 12 kg per 667m2 seed potato
. Sunny beds, cellars and greenhouses can be used as places to accelerate germination. The screened seed potatoes were placed in a dark environment at 2℃ to warm seeds and accelerate germination. Cut into pieces when the buds are exposed about .5em, and arrange them in the order of bud eyes. Starting from the end of the potato block, spiral cutting is carried out in the order of bud eyes. Finally, divide the top into two parts. Ensure that each slice has 1-2 strong buds at the top, and the slices are even. Generally, the weight of each potato is about 25g, and the cutting tools used for slicing are strictly disinfected with 75% alcohol.
(3) medicament treatment: put the cut potato pieces into .1% boric acid or 5 times of 5% carbendazim solution for 5-1 minutes, take them out and drain them for drying. Move the dried potato pieces in the shade to warm sunshine for 3-5 days. Keep the temperature at about 15℃ to make the buds green and firm.
3. Sowing in time
Sowing time varies from region to region. In addition, attention should be paid to reasonable close planting and sparse planting, and double-row cultivation should be adopted, with row spacing of 4cm and plant spacing of 33cm, with about 4, seedlings per 667m2. When planting, drill 8-1 depth planting holes with a hole opener according to the size of plant row spacing, put potato sprouts on them, and seal tight membrane holes with fine soil.
4. Field management
(1) Check and replenish seedlings: after ploughing and planting, keep the soil moisture and stabilize the ground temperature. After the seedlings are unearthed, check the seedlings and replenish them in time, and carry out shallow intertillage between films for 3-4 times from sowing to ridge sealing to loosen the soil and raise the ground temperature. At the same time, weeds between ridges are eliminated and strong seedlings are cultivated in the field.
(2) topdressing: on the premise of applying sole fertilizer, after the seedlings are fully grown in the field, in order to promote the early occurrence of seedlings, .3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves for 2-3 times, and according to the growth of seedlings, 15-2kg of urea can be added every 667m2 from the group stage to the plant monopoly.
(3) Bud removal: The tuber begins to swell in bud stage, and the flowering stage enters a rapid expansion stage. At this time, the bud should be removed immediately to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the development of tuber.
(4) lodging prevention: spraying 3kg of water with 15g of 5% paclobutrazol has a good effect.
(5) Water management: Before budding, soil moisture should be mainly used to provide water for plants, so as to master the budding stage without watering. When purple potatoes enter the tuber swelling stage, they should be watered immediately to keep the soil moist. Generally, they should be watered every 15d. When watering, attention should be paid not to let water overflow the ridge back, so as to harden the soil and improve the yield and quality.
(6) pest control: purple potato is prone to late blight and virus diseases during its growth period. To prevent and control the late blight, we can spray it on the leaves for 3-4 times, such as DuPont Kelu, agricultural streptomycin or mancozeb: spray it with 5 times solution of 5% carbendazim or 4% fosfomite after flowering, and spray it for 2-3 times every 7-1 days. To prevent viral diseases, 2% liquid of virus A5 times or 1.5% liquid spray of phytosanitary 8 times can be used. The main pests are pests, pests, ground tigers, aphids and gourds, and pollution-free control techniques are implemented. Use frequency vibration to trap and kill adults, spray or irrigate with 1 times of 5% phoxim EC or 5 times of 25% trichlorfon EC, and spray with 1 times of 5% phoxim EC or 25 times of 1% pyridaben to control aphids and 28-star ladybug.
5. Harvest in time
(1) Most stems and leaves of purple potato plants turn from green to yellow and wither, and stolon contraction is easy to separate from tuber, which is a sign of maturity. At this time, timely harvest should be carried out to avoid the harm of underground pests.
(2) When harvesting, we should try to avoid rainy weather, choose sunny days and low soil humidity, try to avoid mechanical damage, improve commodity, and adopt field grading packaging to effectively improve economic benefits.