First, the growth and development of Eupolyphaga sinensis can only be completed by oviposition, nymph and adult 1 generation. It takes about 3 months for males to mature; It takes about 9 ~11month for females. 6 ~ 1 0 month is1week after mating. The egg mass (called the egg sheath) is about 0.5 cm long. Under the condition of 30 ~ 35℃, white nymphs hatch after 40 ~ 60 days, and then molt every 20 ~ 50 times10 ~1time.
Second, the feeding equipment
1, toolbox: there are four kinds of sieves: 1 sieve with a square eye of 8.5 mm; The square eye of No.2 sieve is 3.5mm; No.3 screen is similar to chaff screen; No.4 sieve square eye1.2mm.
2. Feeding pit: The back of the feeding pit should be against the wall, and the area in front of the wall is 3.5 meters long and 0.5 meters wide. Five pits can be built, and the middle of each pit is divided into five layers with cement boards. There are 25 pits, each pit has an area of 0.33 square meters, and soil is put in the pit. The front of the pit is divided into two sections, the lower section is made of cement board and the upper section is made of wood. When necessary, the upper and lower sections can be removed. Feeding soil can be sand, clay or loam. After the soil is broken, the large pieces are removed with No.3 sieve and a small amount of plant ash is added to make the water content reach about 20%. 1~ 4-year-old nymph feeding soil is not more than 6.7 cm thick, and 10 cm thick is suitable for nymphs and adults over 5 years old. In winter and summer, the soil thickness is 20 cm.
3. Feeding management
1, density: the feeding density can be adjusted with the increase of insect age, and the limit can be 9 kg per square meter. Eupolyphaga sinensis has the habit of eating eggs, so the density of species should not be too high. When Eupolyphaga sinensis is reared in groups, there will be a difference of1~ 4 years old, so it will be graded when the feeding density is close to a certain number. 1~ 6 instar nymphs can be kept together, and when the density is too high, they will kill each other and eat the egg sheaths. The feeding pit should be dark, and only the upper left corner and the lower right corner are left with 3.3 cm in length and width as ventilation holes. When the temperature is above 38℃, the pit door should be opened for cooling, and the pit mud should be thickened to reduce the density.
2. Feed: The best concentrate of Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga is bran and rice bran, followed by corn flour and rapeseed cake powder; The roughage is best with Ailanthus altissima leaves and Elm leaves. Secondly, such as sunflower, all kinds of grass, melon and fruit skin, vegetable leaves, residue of livestock, poultry and fish, etc. When feeding, we should master the feeding methods flexibly according to different insect ages, seasons and different development stages. 1~ 4 instar nymph, you can put some dry soil on the surface of feeding soil and sprinkle concentrate on it. For nymphs and adults over 5 years old, rice husk with a thickness of 3.3 cm can be sprinkled on the surface of the feeding soil, and then fine and green materials can be sprinkled. In cold months, you can feed/kloc-0 every other day, and feed every day from June to September, preferably in the morning. During molting, the larvae of all ages should be fed with little or no concentrate, and then fed normally after molting is basically over.
3. Artificial incubation of egg sheaths: Artificial incubation began in the middle of February, with 1 large aluminum pot and 1 clay pot in the pot, which is slightly smaller than the pot. Fill the bowl with hatching mud and mix it evenly with the egg sheath. The pot is filled with water, the height of which is the same as that of the soil in the pot. The bottom of the pot is heated by kerosene lamp, which is 1.7 cm away from the bottom of the pot, so as to keep the water temperature at 32 ~ 35℃. Stir the mud eggs every few days 1 time. Around the clock, all hatched after 40 ~ 60 days.
4, keeping warm in winter: Eupolyphaga sinensis has hibernation habits. When the temperature drops below 8℃, it will dive into the soil, and when the temperature rises to 10℃ in April of the following year, it will be unearthed again. Artificial heating can be used in winter and spring in low temperature seasons, and commercial insects can be produced twice a year/kloc-0, so that 20 ~ 25 kilograms of fresh insects can be produced per square meter. It can be raised in greenhouses in winter, with different styles and sizes, and can be kept warm. For example, the east-west greenhouse is 6 ~12 meters long, 3 meters wide and 2.5 meters high. Brick-level double-layer hollow wall. The roof is high in the north and low in the south, with a slope height of1:25. The roof is covered with glass. Use sunlight to heat, when the temperature is too low, or artificially heat. Put two coal cake stoves in the greenhouse. The stove is equipped with a heat transfer iron pipe to discharge the gas outside. Put 1 kettle on the stove to adjust the indoor temperature and humidity to keep the temperature at 27 ~ 32℃.
Fourth, pest control
1, green mold: It mainly occurs in the rainy season. After being sick, the abdomen of Eupolyphaga sinensis is dark green with spots, the whole body is soft, the appetite decreases, and it soon crawls out of the mud and dies. Once the disease is found, the pests and diseases will be isolated and raised, and dry pit mud will be replaced to reduce the density. At the same time, the worms were sprayed with 0.5% formalin solution; Alternatively, 0.25g erythromycin can be mixed into 0.25kg wheat bran and fed for 2-3 times continuously until it is cured.
2. Egg aspergillosis: Due to the high temperature and humidity in the tank (bowl), aspergillus proliferates in large numbers, resulting in the death of eggs and nymphs. The prevention and control methods are as follows: keep the pit soil dry, the humidity does not exceed 20%, the egg pieces are harvested every 10 day/time, mixed with 3% bleaching powder 1 part and 9 parts of lime powder, and then sprinkled on the egg pieces for disinfection. After the insects are released, the larvae are screened out every three days and put into the larvae tank for feeding. No feeding during the incubation period.
3. acaroid mites: mites are one of the most dangerous parasites in the production of soft-shelled turtles. It is easy to happen when the temperature is above 25℃, the pit mud is wet and the feeding is too much. Young mites parasitize the membrane of the chest, abdomen and leg base of Eupolyphaga sinensis, which can kill Eupolyphaga sinensis larvae. Control method: Scrape the remaining feed on the pit surface together with the pit mud1.65 ~ 3.3cm, and expose it to the sun for drying, or screen out all the ground beetle and replace it with new pit mud. When replacing the pit mud, use 30% dicofol or 20% mite egg fat pesticide, and mix the dry pit mud with1:400 times solution. 0.037 cubic meters of pit mud with 4 grams of water 1.6 kg. Rats, ants, frogs and chickens are also enemies of Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, which should be seriously prevented.
V. Harvest and Processing In order to give full play to the feeding effect of Eupolyphaga sinensis, male nymphs should be soaked in the sun like female adults. The average mature male nymph is about 6000 per kilogram of dry worms; Full-term female adults, about 1200 per kilogram of dry worms. Male insects should be soaked in the sun except for seeds. Use 1 sieve to screen out 7-8 instar nymphs, pick out males and leave females to soak in the sun. The weight of female nymph is the highest when it is 9 ~11age, and the drying rate can reach 38 ~ 41%. The dry-breaking rate of male nymph at the 8th instar is 30 ~ 33%. At this time, harvesting can get better economic results. The specific time is from late August to before wintering. Fresh worms are washed and dried until they are dry after soaking. If the weather is bad, dry them slowly with firepower of 50℃ or so.
The yield per mu of blueberry is generally around 1500 kg. If carefully managed, the income will be higher.