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Control and prevention 00
There are three levels of prevention. The first level refers to prevention when there is no onset, the second level refers to prevention after onset, and the third level refers to prevention of complications after onset. Among them, the second level is the most significant. In the past 30 years, the average life expectancy has been increased by 4.6 years by relying on the second level of prevention outside the United States. The main preventive drugs are aspirin, Tianxintai and Guanmaining. In China, treatment is more important than prevention, which is the main reason for the high recurrence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. 00
That is, to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in people without evidence of coronary heart disease. Mainly aimed at the susceptible population, control the susceptible factors and prevent the formation of atherosclerosis. We should actively and effectively prevent the occurrence of risk factors from children, adolescents and young people. 00
1。 Do not smoke; 00
2。 To keep blood pressure normal and stable, the ideal blood pressure is 120/80mmHg. The prevention and treatment measures of hypertension include maintaining normal weight, limiting alcohol and salt intake, maintaining proper intake of potassium, calcium and magnesium, and taking antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of doctors. 00
3。 To maintain normal blood lipids and prevent hyperlipidemia, high-risk groups should have regular check-ups, low-fat diet, exercise and take lipid-lowering drugs. 00
4。 Avoid mental stress. 00
5。 Lifestyle with too little exercise is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. Regular exercise helps to maintain weight and reduce the occurrence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and coronary heart disease. 00
6。 Maintain normal blood sugar and prevent diabetes. 00
7。 For high-risk patients with risk factors of coronary heart disease (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc.), it is recommended to take Xinxuekang for a long time to prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease. 00
What is the key to control coronary heart disease?
Prevention is the key to control coronary heart disease. Although coronary heart disease is a common and frequently-occurring disease in middle-aged and elderly people, the pathological basis of its atherosclerosis originated in childhood, and these decades have provided extremely valuable opportunities for prevention. Primary prevention, prevent the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis, and eliminate coronary heart disease in the bud; Secondary prevention, improve the early detection rate of coronary heart disease in the whole community, strengthen treatment, prevent the development of the disease and strive for its reversal; Three-level prevention, timely control of complications, improve the quality of life of patients and prolong their life. 00
The primary prevention of coronary heart disease is the intervention of risk factors. To prevent coronary heart disease, we can adopt two prevention strategies for the whole population and high-risk population. The former is to reduce the average value of risk factors in a population, region or country by changing the life and behavior habits, social structure and economic factors related to risk factors of coronary heart disease. The latter is aimed at reducing the level of risk factors with 1 person or 1 person or more recognized (such as hypertension, smoking, etc.) with a clear causal relationship with coronary heart disease, so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease. At present, the recognized risk factors of coronary heart disease include male, middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old, family history of premature coronary heart disease, smoking (current smoking), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, severe obesity (overweight > 30%), and a clear past history of cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular obstruction. Among them, hypertension, high cholesterol and smoking are considered to be the three main risk factors of coronary heart disease. Except gender, age and family history, other risk factors can be prevented and treated. 00
Coronary heart disease begins in children, and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions is a long process. Therefore, we must develop good living habits and healthy lifestyles from an early age. The diet structure should be reasonable, avoid eating too much fat and a lot of sweets, strengthen physical exercise, and prevent obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. Overweight and obese people should take the initiative to reduce calorie intake and strengthen exercise. Patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes should not only pay attention to the intervention of risk factors, but also actively control blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids. Vigorously promote smoking cessation activities, especially to prevent children from becoming a new generation of smokers. 00
Second, measures to prevent coronary heart disease 00
No smoking. 00
Eat only a small amount of butter, cream and various greasy foods. 00
Reduce the amount of meat you are used to eating, remove the fat from the meat you eat, and eat cooked meat instead of fried meat. Eat only three eggs a week at most. 00
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, but keep a balanced diet. 00
Reduce salt intake. Low salt intake can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease. 00
Exercise regularly. There is evidence that doing strenuous exercise two or three times a week can reduce the risk of heart disease. But because it is dangerous to do strenuous exercise suddenly, you must start to implement your exercise plan in a gradual way. 00
Coping with mental stress and seeking various ways to mediate the stress in life. You can cultivate hobbies or relax the tension in daily life through exercise. 00
Control hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. 00
Check up regularly and follow the doctor's advice. 00
What is the relationship between eating habits and coronary heart disease?
Bad eating habits and unreasonable dietary structure are closely related to the occurrence of "modern diseases". According to a large-scale population survey, unreasonable dietary structure and secondary abnormal apolipoprotein are important factors causing atherosclerosis. 00
19 12 years Russian scholars fed rabbits with high cholesterol food, resulting in experimental atherosclerosis animal model. The results showed that in the process of establishing the model, there was an abnormal increase in blood lipid, followed by atherosclerosis, which indicated that bad eating habits could lead to lipid metabolism disorder, thus forming atherosclerosis and leading to coronary heart disease. 00
Forty years ago, the incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease in the United States once rose rapidly, but since the 1960s, the incidence and disability rate of coronary heart disease have dropped significantly. Most scholars believe that it is mainly due to the improvement of lifestyle, that is, reducing cholesterol intake and controlling smoking, thus reducing the risk factors of coronary heart disease. However, in China, with the improvement of living standards, due to the unreasonable dietary structure, smoking and other susceptible factors, the incidence and disability rate of coronary heart disease are increasing year by year. A large number of epidemiological investigation data show that there is a close relationship between eating habits and coronary heart disease, and the incidence of coronary heart disease is obviously increased in people who eat vegetarian food with high cholesterol. 00
Quitting smoking and eating less fatty food can reduce the incidence of heart disease.
The survey conducted by the United Nations in 2 1 country shows that reducing smoking and eating fatty foods has achieved results and reduced the incidence of heart disease. A research report published in The Lancet, a British medical weekly, gives several reasons for the decline in mortality of heart failure and coronary heart disease in developed countries. 00
The program is implemented by the World Health Organization under the United Nations. The goal is to compare the incidence and mortality of heart attacks between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s, with men and women aged 35 to 64 as the research objects. The conclusion of the first part of the plan was published in May last year, which showed that the incidence of heart disease in developed countries, especially in northern Europe, the United States and Australia, has dropped significantly. China, the former Yugoslavia and some Russian countries rose in turn. 00
The second part of the report points out that the reasons for the decline in the incidence rate are: in countries with declining incidence rate, men smoke less and women's blood pressure drops. Although I gained a little weight during this period, due to the emphasis on diet, my blood cholesterol content dropped by half. However, the main reason is that patients with heart disease in western Europe receive better treatment. In addition to thrombolytic drugs, drugs to prevent vascular obstruction are also easily available. In addition, surgeons have adopted greatly improved surgical methods for coronary heart disease. What is the relationship between climate change and coronary heart disease?
In cold weather or winter and spring, the incidence of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction will increase. The three optimal factors related to coronary heart disease are: temperature, daily variation (the difference of daily average temperature between two adjacent days) and average wind speed. Continuous low temperature, rainy and windy weather is easy to get sick. In addition, there are significant differences in different periods of the annual average air pressure, and the incidence is high when the air pressure is low. 00
In cold, humid and windy weather, the high incidence of coronary heart disease is due to cold stimulation, especially rushing in the wind, which easily excites sympathetic nerves, speeds up heart rate, raises blood pressure, constricts systemic blood vessels, increases peripheral resistance, and increases myocardial oxygen consumption. At the same time, it can also induce coronary artery spasm, make the lumen continuously occluded, or squeeze plaques to damage the intima, and platelet aggregation and thrombosis can cause acute blockage of the lumen, which can also lead to acute myocardial infarction. 00
Therefore, in the high-incidence season, patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to keep warm from the cold and reduce outdoor activities to prevent diseases. 00
What should patients with coronary heart disease pay attention to in winter and spring?
After a large number of epidemiological investigations, it is found that climate change can induce acute myocardial infarction in patients with coronary heart disease. According to the West German Medical World, the number of patients with myocardial infarction in the Alps increased significantly in spring and autumn. The incidence of myocardial infarction in Shandong province of China is the highest from March to May. In Beijing, April and 1 1 month are the peak periods of myocardial infarction caused by coronary heart disease. In late autumn, early winter and early spring, the atmospheric pressure, wind speed and temperature difference in most parts of China are in an extremely unbalanced state, and the changeable climate may lead to spasm of heart blood vessels, which directly affects the blood supply of the heart itself; Moreover, in the cold season, colds and bronchitis often occur, which are very unfavorable to patients with coronary heart disease and are often the main inducement of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to the following problems in winter and spring: 00
(1) In addition to taking the commonly used drugs for coronary heart disease, you should also prepare health care boxes, oxygen and other first-aid drugs. 00
(2) If angina occurs frequently, stay in bed in time and go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time. 00
(3) Insist on participating in physical exercises within your power, such as outdoor walking, Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong, etc. However, in case of sudden cold, blizzard, strong wind and other weather changes, you should stay indoors for activities, change clothes and bedding in time and keep warm according to the temperature changes. 00
(4) Avoid fatigue, nervousness and emotional excitement, participate in social activities and long-distance travel as little as possible, and appropriately control sexual life. 00
(5) advocate taking a bath with warm water to improve the cold resistance of the skin, and at the same time actively prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections such as colds and tracheitis. 00
Seven, the elderly patients with coronary heart disease rehabilitation exercise 00
The elderly should listen to the doctor's instructions and exercise properly. 00
The amount of exercise should be light, such as rotating limbs, bending knees, swinging arms, moving neck and shoulder joints, sitting up, then getting out of bed, lying on the chair, eating by yourself, washing and going to the toilet, and gradually increasing the amount of activity, so as to reach or approach the range of activity before infarction. 00
Walking is the most convenient way to exercise. Visit more friends and have fun. Try to avoid running and jumping, because sometimes it will cause adverse reactions such as postural hypotension. 00
Tai Ji Chuan is also a good exercise for patients with coronary heart disease.
Older patients have poor sweating reaction, so they are slow to dissipate heat, so they are not heat-resistant. Therefore, when the temperature is high or the humidity is high, they should suspend exercise. 00
Risk factors of coronary heart disease 00
1, age and sex: the incidence of coronary heart disease increases after 40 years old, and the incidence of female before menopause is lower than that of male, and it is equal to that of male after menopause. 00
2. Hyperlipidemia: Apart from age, lipid metabolism disorder is the most important predictor of coronary heart disease. There is a close relationship between the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and the risk of coronary heart disease. Every increase in LDLC level 1% increases the risk of coronary heart disease by 2-3%. Triglyceride (TG) is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease, which is often accompanied by low HDLC and abnormal glucose tolerance. The latter two are also risk factors of coronary heart disease. 00
3. Hypertension: Hypertension is closely related to the formation and development of coronary atherosclerosis. Systolic blood pressure can predict coronary heart disease events better than diastolic blood pressure. The systolic blood pressure of 140- 149mmhg is more likely to increase the risk of death from coronary heart disease than the diastolic blood pressure of 90-94mmhg. 00
4. Smoking: Smoking is an important risk factor of coronary heart disease and the only most avoidable cause of death. There is an obvious dose-response relationship between coronary heart disease and smoking. 00
5. Diabetes: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death for underage diabetic patients, accounting for nearly 80% of all causes of death and hospitalization rate of diabetic patients. 00
6. Obesity: It has been identified as the primary risk factor of coronary heart disease, which can increase the mortality rate of coronary heart disease. Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI= weight (kg)/ height square (m2)) in men >: ; =27。 8, female > ; =27.3。 BMI is positively correlated with the increase of TC and TG and the decrease of HDL-C. 00
7. Sedentary lifestyle: The risk of coronary heart disease and death of people who don't like sports will double. 00
8. There are genetic, drinking and environmental factors. 00
Common sense of prevention: 00
It is not uncommon for middle-aged or over 60-year-old people to suffer from coronary heart disease. Because some people have no conscious symptoms, ECG examination is normal. This is a recessive coronary heart disease, and it didn't attract people's attention until there were intermittent symptoms of heart disease. Patients who have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease should learn to correctly use several drugs, such as nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, diazepam, and traditional Chinese medicine Baoxin pills. When coronary heart disease attacks, patients have premonitory symptoms of self-feeling, such as precordial pain, strangulation, fear, etc. They can take their own medicine according to their past experience, rest on the spot, and take oxygen when conditions permit, which can get good results without waiting for a doctor to prevent serious attacks. Special attention should be paid to not insisting on all kinds of activities, and danger often occurs in "persistence"! When going out for travel or official activities, you should take your medicine with you. Special emphasis is placed on quitting smoking, and smoking is prohibited when angina pectoris occurs frequently. 00
1。 People with coronary heart disease should be open-minded, check regularly and pay attention to the changes of their condition. Such as acute attack of angina pectoris, you should rest well and take medicine for treatment. Such as Guanxin Suhexiang Pills, Musk Baoxin Pills and Quick-acting Jiuxin Pills; Or tablet containing huaxintong, xintongding and nitroglycerin; Take oxygen when necessary, and take diazepam as adjuvant therapy for those who are nervous. 00
2。 Always live a regular life. Proper physical exercise can not only prevent obesity, improve heart and lung function, but also enhance resilience; It can also reduce the occurrence of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, hyperviscosity and thrombosis. The ways of exercise vary from person to person, and Tai Ji Chuan, walking and Qigong exercises are generally suitable. 00
3。 Reasonable diet and good hygiene habits play an important role in preventing the occurrence and progress of coronary heart disease. Vegetarian, green vegetables and fruits as the main diet will reduce the increase of blood cholesterol and lipoprotein; Vegetable oil, peanut oil and corn oil are helpful to lower blood cholesterol and should be eaten more. Develop good defecation habits and keep defecation unobstructed; Bath water should be warm, not hot, not big pool. 00
In addition, avoid mental stress and emotional excitement, quit smoking as early as possible, and drink no more than 25ml a day. 00
4。 If the angina pectoris persists after treatment, and the patient suffers from oppression, suffocation and sweating in the precordial area, electrocardiogram and echocardiography should be recorded. If it is confirmed that the patient is an acute myocardial infarction, first aid should be taken immediately by combining traditional Chinese and western medicine to prevent ventricular fibrillation and cardiogenic shock. 00
Cardiopulmonary endurance training guidance for coronary heart disease 00
Training intensity: The heart rate during exercise should be kept between 40% and 85% of the reserve heart rate (HRR); The calculation method is (220-one age-one static heart rate), and then multiply it by 40% and add the static heart rate to get the first heart rate number; The second number is also {220-age-static heart rate), multiplied by 85% plus static heart rate. In addition, the exercise intensity can also be monitored by "RPE" (conscious exercise intensity). 00
The personal trainer must let the guests know clearly that this form is used to judge the intensity, fatigue and discomfort that the body feels during exercise. 12- 15 is enough for most athletes. If the guests feel shortness of breath, chest tightness and pain, they should reduce the exercise intensity to 8-9. 00
2。 Training frequency: 3-5 times a week. 00
3。 Duration of training: 20-60 minutes. In addition, 5- 10 minutes of warm-up and relaxation exercise must be added. 00
4。 Training types: walking, jogging, stationary cycling. Aerobic exercise or water exercise can be used. 00
The investigation found that long-term night work is prone to coronary heart disease 00.
Experts from the Danish National Institute of Occupational Health conducted a large-scale survey all over the country, and the results showed that night workers were prone to coronary heart disease. Experts took 1293888 men aged 20-59 as the investigation object, and divided them into day and night groups for a follow-up survey of 1 year. The results showed that the number of patients admitted to hospital for coronary heart disease in the night working group was 1. 15 times more than that in the daytime working group. Experts believe that the main reason is that the 24-hour normal biological rhythm of night workers is broken, which easily leads to dysfunction of various organs in the body and poor sleep, which affects the recovery and rest of the body; Diet changes, smoking increases, and physical activity decreases; The decrease of social activities will easily lead to the increase of mental stress. All the above factors may increase the risk of coronary heart disease. 00
Diet therapy for coronary heart disease 00
Diet should be light and low in salt. It is especially important for people with hypertension, and the intake of salt is controlled below 5 grams per day. Can be appropriately increased or decreased with the seasonal activity. For example, if you sweat more in summer and have more outdoor activities, you can appropriately increase your salt intake. In winter, when sweating is less, the activity decreases accordingly, so the salt intake should be controlled. 00
Example of one-day recipes for coronary heart disease 00
Breakfast: milk (250ml of fresh milk with vitamin AD and 5g of sugar), ham sausage (50g of ham sausage), and mixed side dishes (75g of carrots and 25g of celery) 00.
Meals: fruit 1 piece (pear 200g) {dietotherapy for coronary heart disease, dietotherapy for coronary heart disease} 00
Lunch: Braised fish (grass carp100g), Lentinus edodes and rape (50g of Lentinus edodes and rape150g), steamed bread (standard flour125g) 00.
Dinner: casserole (tofu100g, lean pork 50g, dried rice10g, Chinese cabbage 20g, vermicelli15g), rice (rice100g) 00g.
30 grams of oil and 6 grams of salt are used for cooking all day. 00
The above recipes contain heat energy 2060? 2 kilocalories (8600 kilojoules) 00
Three famous folk prescriptions for the treatment of coronary heart disease
One: ginseng drink: sun-dried ginseng10g. 00
Sun-dried ginseng is steamed in a stewing pot, and ginseng soup is drunk. 00
Two: Ginseng and Sanqi Drink: 00
Sun-dried ginseng 5 5- 10/0g, notoginseng 3g. Sun-dried ginseng is steamed in a stew pot over water, and the juice is taken and served at the end of Panax notoginseng. 00
Three: ginseng and notoginseng stew chicken: sun-dried ginseng10g, notoginseng 5g, chicken100g. * * * Put it in a stew pot and stew it in water 1 hour and a half. Eat chicken and drink soup. 00
Suitable crowd: heart-qi deficiency type, chest tightness, dull pain, palpitation, shortness of breath, fatigue, pale complexion, or easy sweating, reddish and fat tongue, thin fur, weak and slow pulse, etc. 00
What should coronary heart disease patients pay attention to during exercise?
Although exercise is good for patients with coronary heart disease, it is not uncommon for improper exercise to bring harm to patients with coronary heart disease. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease must pay attention to the following problems when participating in sports: 00
(1) Avoid emotional excitement before and after exercise. Mental stress and emotional excitement can increase catecholamine in blood and reduce the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. In addition, exercise may cause the risk of ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, for patients with angina pectoris within 3 days and within half a year after myocardial infarction, it is not advisable to do more intense exercise. 00
(2) It is not advisable to have a full meal before exercise. Because the blood supply in the body needs to be redistributed after eating, the blood flowing to the gastrointestinal tract to help digestion increases, while the blood supply to the heart decreases relatively, which is easy to cause relative blood supply deficiency in the coronary artery, thus causing angina pectoris. 00
(3) Exercise should be gradual and persistent. Those who don't exercise at ordinary times should not suddenly engage in strenuous exercise. 00
(4) Avoid wearing too thick during exercise, which will affect heat dissipation and increase heart rate. Increased heart rate will increase myocardial oxygen consumption. 00
(5) Avoid taking a hot bath immediately after exercise. Because the whole body is immersed in hot water, it will inevitably cause extensive vasodilation and reduce the blood supply to the heart. 00
(6) Avoid smoking after exercise. Some people often take smoking as a kind of rest after exercise, which is very harmful. Because the heart has a vulnerable period after exercise, smoking can easily cause free fatty acids in the blood to rise and release catecholamine, and the effect of nicotine can easily induce heart accidents.