Toona sinensis, also known as Toona sinensis flower, Toona sinensis head and Toona sinensis bud, belongs to Toona sinensis family. Originated in China, it is a perennial woody vegetable. It is mainly distributed in Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, northwestern Guangxi, southern Hunan and Sichuan provinces, among which Taihe Toona sinensis in Anhui, Ximou Toona sinensis in Shandong and Jiaozuo Toona sinensis in Henan are the most famous. For example, Taihe Toona sinensis was sent to Chang 'an as a tribute as early as the Tang Dynasty. Recently, Toona sinensis bud is not only a traditional vegetable loved by urban and rural people, but also has entered hotels and guesthouses. At the same time, it is also exported to Southeast Asian countries and is very popular in the international market.

Besides being edible, the leaves, skins, roots and fruits of Toona sinensis have certain medical functions. Add a little salt to fresh Toona sinensis head and the same amount of garlic, mash it and apply it to the affected area to cure sores and carbuncles. The young leaves of Toona sinensis, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Maple are divided into equal parts, decocted in water, and taken with dregs, which can cure filariasis; Toona sinensis skin is cool and has the functions of removing heat, drying dampness and stopping bleeding. Xianglingzi pair is used to treat wind-cold common cold, gastrointestinal stagnation, abdominal distension, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Toona sinensis grows rapidly, with straight trunk, no knots and few scars, ruddy wood color, clear texture, bright and beautiful plane and fragrant smell, and enjoys the reputation of "China mahogany" in the international market.

Characteristics Toona sinensis is a perennial deciduous tree, and the trees can be as high as 10 meters. Leaves alternate, with odd-numbered pinnate compound leaves, 6-10 pairs of leaflets, large leaf scars, 40 cm long and 24 cm wide, oblong leaflets, sharp tips,10-/2 cm long and 4 cm wide, purplish red young leaves, green adult leaves and reddish brown back. Panicle terminal, pendulous, bisexual, white, fragrant, small, bell-shaped, ovary conical, 5-loculed, with 3 ovules in each locule. The style is shorter than the ovary, new fruit, narrow oval or nearly oval, about 2 cm long, reddish brown when mature, leathery and bell-shaped. Flowering in June, 10— 1 1 month fruit ripening. It is oval, with long wooden wings, small seeds, low germination rate, high oil content and edible oil.

Toona sinensis likes temperature, which is suitable for cultivation in areas with average temperature of 8-10℃, and its cold resistance increases with the age of seedlings. One-year-old seedlings directly seeded with seeds may be frozen at about 1 10℃. Toona sinensis likes light and is more resistant to humidity. It is suitable for growing in fertile and humid soil around rivers and houses, and sandy loam is generally better. The suitable soil pH is pH 5.5-8.0.

There are many varieties of Toona sinensis in China, which can be basically divided into two categories: purple Toona sinensis and green Toona sinensis according to the different colors of budding buds and cotyledons. There are varieties of purple Toona sinensis such as black Toona sinensis, red Toona sinensis, Jiaozuo red Toona sinensis and Ximou Toona sinensis. There are varieties of green Toona sinensis, such as green Toona sinensis and yellow umbrella. Different varieties of Toona sinensis have different characteristics. The crown of Toona sinensis is generally open, the bark is grayish brown, the spores are purplish brown, the first buds are purplish red, shiny, fragrant, less fiber and more oil; Toona sinensis, with erect crown, blue or green-brown bark, slightly light fragrance and less oil.

Key points of cultivation

(1) Cultivation mode:

① Common cultivation. The propagation of Toona sinensis can be divided into two types: sowing and seedling raising and ramet propagation (also called root tillering propagation).

Because the germination rate of Toona sinensis seeds is low, the seeds should be soaked in warm water at 30-35℃ for 24 hours before sowing, and then put at 25℃ to accelerate germination. Sow when radicle is exposed to the size of rice grain (the lowest ground temperature during sowing is about 5℃). Generally, Shanghai is in the first half of March. After emergence, 2-3 seedlings with real leaves, 4-5 seedlings with real leaves, and the row spacing is 25x15cm.

For propagation by dividing plants, root seedlings of adult plants can be dug up in early spring and planted in Miao Di, and then planted when the seedlings grow to about 2 meters in the following year. You can also use the method of cutting roots and tillering. In late winter and early spring, dig a circular ditch with a depth of 60 cm around the adult tree, cut off some lateral roots, and then fill the ditch. Because the roots of Toona sinensis are prone to adventitious roots, new seedlings germinate at the tip of the cut roots and can be transplanted the next year.

After the seedlings of Toona sinensis are bred, they are all planted before germination in early spring. A large area of Toona sinensis forest is planted, and the row spacing is 7x5m. Plants planted behind canals and houses are all single-row, with a spacing of about 5 meters. Water 2-3 times after planting to improve the survival rate.

② Dwarfing and close planting. This is a cultivation method developed in recent years. Its seedling raising method is the same as that of common cutting, but it is different in planting density and tree pruning. Generally, about 6000 plants are planted every 666.7 square meters. Tree types can be divided into two types: multi-layer type, in which the top tip is removed when the seedling is 2 meters high, and the lateral buds are germinated to form three layers of backbone branches. The 1 layer is 70 cm away from the ground, the second layer is 60 cm away from the 1 layer, and the third layer is 40 cm away from the second layer. This kind of multi-layer trunk is tall, fully lignified and stable in yield. The cluster type is that the top tip is removed when the seedling height is about 1 m, and Liu Xinfa only picks the young leaves without removing the top buds, and then wipes his head when the branch length is 20-30 cm. It is characterized by short trunk and more main branches.

③ Protected cultivation. It can also be divided into two types: one is to cover the dwarfed and densely planted Toona sinensis planted in greenhouse (or pipe shed) in the middle of 1 1 month (referring to the southern part of North China). The other is to heel in the 23-year-old seedlings that have passed dormancy in the greenhouse (or pipe shed). The temperature in the room (shed) should be kept at18-24℃ during the day and not lower than 12℃ at night. After 40-45 days, young leaves can be eaten.

(2) Management: Although the field management of Toona sinensis is extensive, in order to make it grow fast and yield high, we should also pay attention to fertilizer and water and pest control. If the weather is dry, water it in time; Every year, intertillage and loosen the soil, and it is best to interplant green manure between rows, and turn it into the soil or pour human and animal manure in May.

Insect pests include Toona sinensis caterpillar, Anoplophora punctata, grass-shoe scale insects, etc., which can be controlled by pesticides such as Bacillus borealis; Diseases include leaf rust, powdery mildew, etc., which can be controlled by bordeaux mixture and sulfur mixture.

(3) Picking: Toona sinensis, which is cultivated by common cultivation and dwarfing and close planting, generally germinates before Qingming Festival, and the terminal buds can be picked around Grain Rain. This kind of first-time picking, called the first stubble Toona sinensis bud, is not only fat and tender, but also rich in fragrance and high in quality; After that, according to the growth situation, pick it for the second time every15-20 days. The newly planted Toona sinensis can be harvested twice at most, and it can be harvested 2-3 times a year after 3 years, and the output will increase accordingly. As for the protected cultivation, it can also be picked in winter by heating, and if it is not heated, it can supply tree buds in advance in early spring.

Nutrition and Edible Toona sinensis head contains extremely rich nutrition. According to the analysis, every100g of Toona sinensis head contains 9.8g of protein, 0.43mg of calcium and 0.5mg of vitamin C115mg, all of which are among the best in vegetable thinning. In addition, it also contains phosphorus 135 mg, carotene1.36 mg, and nutrients such as iron and B vitamins.

Toona sinensis can be eaten fresh or processed:

(1) Fresh food:

① Toona sinensis mixed with tofu. 50 grams of tender Toona sinensis and 500 grams of tofu. Seasoning: refined salt, monosodium glutamate and sesame oil.

② Toona sinensis scrambled eggs. Toona sinensis100g, 5 eggs. Seasoning: peanut oil (or soybean oil) and refined salt.

③ Tofu fried with Toona sinensis. 50 grams of Toona sinensis and 250 grams of tofu. Seasoning: peanut oil (or soybean oil), soy sauce, salt, sugar, monosodium glutamate, fresh soup and water starch.

① Fried Toona sinensis fish in oil. 50g of Toona sinensis, 4-5 marine fish (hairtail, yellow croaker, etc.) and 2 eggs. Seasoning: peanut oil (or soybean oil), pepper and salt.

(2) Processing: The traditional processing method of Toona sinensis in China is salting, which is called salty Toona sinensis head. However, due to the high salt content, the original flavor of Toona sinensis was affected. Therefore, in recent years, many processing units have improved their processing technology and developed various new products, such as:

① Dehydrated Toona sinensis buds. It is a kind of rehydration lai, which can be soaked in warm water for half an hour to restore the fresh bud state, and can be made into delicacies with chicken, meat and eggs.

② Sweet, sour and crisp Toona sinensis buds. This product is soft in texture, sweet, sour, crisp and delicious.

In addition, there are Toona sinensis sauce, Toona sinensis mud, Tofu Tofu and Toona sinensis in oil.

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