1
Select the seed white lotus variety with strong bidding advantage. Three strains can be fully utilized in lotus root production. One is the wild red lotus strain, which generally grows naturally in lakes and harbors, with strong wildness, many branches, strong ability to run the standard, long lotus harvesting time and high yield. However, the yield of wild red lotus seeds and underground lotus roots is low, and the utilization rate of artificial cultivation is low. Generally, it is not used for large-scale production and cultivation of lotus roots. Using this feature, lotus roots can be fully harvested in June and July, regardless of the output of seed lotus roots and stem lotus roots in the later period. Produce more lotus roots by easy harvesting before harvest. Second, ornamental Hualien strain, Hualien is mainly ornamental flowers, and the commodity utilization value of seeds and underground stems is also low. Lotus roots can be produced in spring and watched in summer, which is pleasing to the eye. Lotus root is produced in lotus (pond) field, which can play the role of combining density and density, and is conducive to reducing the density of flower buds in lotus field, ventilation and light transmission, and strong flowers. The third is the lotus seed strain. Generally, the strain of seed lotus cultivated in human soil grows vigorously, has strong bolting and transportation ability, many branches, large flowers, full seeds and high seed yield. Therefore, the main purpose of seed white lotus strain is to produce seed yield. However, the underground lotus root is small in size, low in starch content, small and hard in stem lotus root, poor in edibility and low in commodity utilization rate, so it is rarely excavated and utilized manually. In this way, we can make full use of the characteristics of dense underground stems, many lotus branches and dense shower heads in the perennial root field of lotus seeds, and produce lotus roots in the early spring and lotus seeds in summer and autumn, killing two birds with one stone, and achieving the function of combining dense and sparse, which is also conducive to increasing the yield and income of lotus seeds in the next crop. High-yielding cultivated varieties of artificial seeds in An Baili include E 'an 1, Xianglian, Furong, Jin Furong 1, Taikonglian No.3, No.36, Jianxuan 17, No.35 and other excellent varieties. These varieties have wide adaptability and are easy to cultivate, which are not only suitable for lotus field cultivation, but also suitable for barren lakes, fish ponds, lake fields, shallow lake beaches, ditches, canals, ports, branches and other places. Lotus root is not suitable for producing lotus root band, the main purpose is to harvest underground lotus root, otherwise the yield of lotus root will be reduced, which is not worth the candle.
2
The choice of the sky. Lotus field should choose fertile soil, high organic matter content, loose soil and sufficient water resources, which is conducive to the operation of lotus whip. The yield of lotus root in the previous crop of this lotus field is higher, and the yield of lotus seed in the following crop is higher. The fish pond (pond) and lake field have sufficient fertility and high yield. You can also make use of shallow lakes, ditches, canals and fertile places in Hong Kong to plant seed white lotus and produce lotus roots, with better results.
three
Grow in the lotus field with perennial roots (roots). In the lotus field of a new kind of lotus root, the transplanting density of lotus root is low, generally about 667㎡200 plants, with few buds, slow growth and no lotus root. Otherwise, after the lotus root is harvested, because the bud head is limited, the seed lotus root plant will die headless, the lotus root will not be produced, and the seed lotus root will not be harvested. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to use perennial lotus fields to produce lotus roots in the second or third year. Without lotus root, there are many lotus plants and dense buds in the perennial lotus field, which is more than 10 times of that in the newly planted lotus field. Lotus root labels are issued early and grow fast, so they can be listed early. The market price difference is large, and it can be sold to 8- 10 yuan per kilogram. Lotus can generally be harvested from mid-April to mid-May, with a long harvest period and high yield. In the first ten days of July, the output of 667㎡ lotus root can reach more than 80 kilograms, with an output value of 640-800 yuan, which is equivalent to the income of 667㎡ rice. Specializing in the production of lotus roots saves seeds, fertilizer, medicine, labor and investment, and the lotus field can be harvested every year. For a long time after mid-May, fields producing lotus seeds should not be harvested. If fertilizer input and management are increased in the harvested lotus root field, the lotus root can be harvested.
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Management of lotus farm. Don't cut off the lotus root field in winter, otherwise the field will crack and the silt layer will harden in the sun, which will not only hinder the lotus root pulling up in the next year, but also affect the operation speed and growth speed of the lotus root, and more importantly, it will not be harvested. In addition, it is also necessary to prevent the harm of people and animals from going to the fields, let the poles dry naturally, and prohibit cutting the pull rods to avoid water pouring into the underground stems and causing seeds to rot. After the spring of the following year, before the lotus root is unearthed, that is, in the middle and late March, the big weeds 1-2 times were manually removed, or the accumulated water in the field was drained, and weeds were sprayed with 95% glyphosate powder100g, 60% no-tillage100g and 30 kg of water, which not only weeding but also loosening the soil. Some fields cannot be drained, or the water source conditions are inconvenient, so it is difficult to store water after being released. The whole field can be cut down with wooden rollers, which not only eliminates weeds in the field, but also loosens the soil, and then uses 20% mu.
50 g of benzyl wettable powder mixed with 20 kg of fine soil or 5 kg of urea is spread all over the field, but the water layer of 3-5 cm must be kept in the field, which has good control effect on weeds in lotus field. Experienced Dutch farmers first use 95% glyphosate to get rid of malignant weeds in the lotus field, and then use 20% glyphosate.
Benzyl wettable powder closed weeding, the effect is better. Combined with weeding, 50 kg of 12% calcium superphosphate, 50 kg of 17% ammonium bicarbonate and 60% potassium chloride 10 kg were applied before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day (4th and 5th) to make the lotus grow vigorously, sturdily and tender. Conditional Dutch farmers had better apply a large amount of organic fertilizer in winter and spring.
five
Timely and moderate harvesting of lotus roots. Shallow water irrigation in lotus field is beneficial to improve mud temperature, and lotus whip runs early, grows fast and can be harvested early. A small amount of lotus roots can be harvested in early April, and a large amount can be harvested in mid-April, usually 4-5 days 1 time, and in the first half of May 1 time. The harvesting standard of lotus root is to whip the leaves of lotus root (also called lotus root or lotus canopy) before unfolding, so that the top of the harvested lotus root is round and sharp, the leaf buds do not germinate and the scales do not crack. Pumped lotus root is fresh and tender, and the price is good. The harvesting method is to find out the target lotus root (pen leaf is not unfolded), extend the right hand down the lotus root until it touches the lotus root node, find out the front of the lotus root node, pull the lotus root band before the lotus root node out of the water with the index finger and the middle finger, and then break the band on the side of the lotus root node with the mother finger and the index finger.
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Hierarchical binding. After harvesting, lotus roots are bundled in stages. The head without lobes at the top is Grade I, the scales are broken and bifurcated, and those with leaf buds are Grade II. Lotus root with long and pointed back should be picked and sold. When selling in the market, some vegetable vendors will wash Bai Jie with sanitary balls or straws, and then soak it in clear water, which is white and tender and easy to sell. However, it only applies to retailers, large wholesale producers and long-distance transporters. Otherwise, the lotus root skin will deteriorate and turn black after being brushed for a long time, which will reduce the umami value of the goods.
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Field management of lotus root after harvest. After harvesting lotus root, the lotus root field should be gently kneaded and rolled, and the fertilization amount should be increased in the next lotus seed production. Every 667㎡, 45% (15-15-15) NPK compound fertilizer is 35 kg, decomposed cake fertilizer is 50 kg, and zinc and boron are 1.5 kg or 65438 respectively.