What does the current prevalence rate mean?
The current prevalence rate, also known as the prevalence rate, refers to the proportion of the sum of new and old cases of a certain disease in the total population within a specific period of time. According to different observation times, it can be divided into period prevalence = the number of new and old cases of a certain disease in a certain population during a certain observation period / the average population in the same period Number of people under observation × K and time point prevalence = a certain population at a certain time point The number of new and old cases of a certain disease / the number of people under observation at that time point × K.K = 100, 1000/1000, or 10000/10000.
Period prevalence is actually equal to the prevalence at the beginning of a specific period plus the incidence rate during that period. Prevalence can be divided into period prevalence and time point prevalence according to different observation times. To investigate the current status of chronic diseases, the most suitable indicator to calculate is the prevalence rate.
The prevalence rate can provide a basis for health managers to arrange health care services. For some diseases, the prevalence rate may be the only disease rate that can be obtained, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The time of onset is difficult to determine because it takes many years from the onset of symptoms to a confirmed diagnosis.
The prevalence rate can be divided into period prevalence rate and time point prevalence rate according to the observation time. When the observation time is 1 day at a specific time point, generally not more than 1 month, it is called time point prevalence. Time point prevalence is more commonly used. Usually the prevalence time point is theoretically infinite and generally does not exceed 1 month. The period prevalence refers to a specific period of time, usually more than 1 month.
Reasons affecting the increase or decrease in the prevalence rate
1. Factors affecting the increase in the prevalence rate include: prolonged course of disease; prolonged life span of uncured people; increase in new cases. The incidence rate increases; cases move in; healthy people move out; susceptible people move in; diagnosis level improves; reporting rate increases.
2. Factors affecting the reduction of the prevalence include: shortened course of disease; high mortality rate; reduction of new cases and reduction of incidence rate; healthy people moving in; cases moving out; and improvement in cure rate.
Significance of prevalence survey
1. Understand the occurrence and distribution of hospital infections.
2. Explore the relationship between different risk factors and hospital infections to provide basis for key prevention.
3. Understand the epidemic trend of hospital infections.
4. Evaluate the effectiveness of hospital infection control measures.
5. Carry out publicity and education work.