1 Main production process of laying hens

The production process of laying hens is generally two-stage feeding or three-stage feeding. The two-stage feeding includes brooding and raising of adult chickens (0~140 days old), Laying hens are raised (141~532 days old); the three stages of raising include brooding (0~49 days old), rearing (50~140 days old) and laying (141~532 days old). Generally, brooding umbrellas are used to raise chicks flatly, and heating lamps are evenly distributed on the inside of the umbrella to ensure the ambient temperature required by the chicks. In newly built farms with good conditions, a complete set of equipment consisting of temperature and environment control can be used. The chicken turnover process lasts for 30 to 40 days, with hatching, rearing, and culling carried out one after another.

What are the automated laying hen breeding equipment?

In order to ensure the integrity of the eggs and facilitate the collection of eggs, adult laying hens are generally raised in cages. Cages can be divided into two methods: cascading type or ladder type. The cascading breeding method is: from the brooding stage to the adult chicken stage, four-layer overlapping cages are generally used. Each building has about 10 groups, and each building can raise 7500 to 8500 chickens. The cascading chicken cages use large four-layer overlapping cages or three-layer breeding cages. The four-layer cages are arranged in double rows, and each building can hold 7,000 chickens; the laying hens use large two-story full-step laying hen cages, with two full racks, two half racks and three arranged side by side to form an aisle. Each building can hold chickens. About 5,500. The lighting is mainly natural lighting, supplemented by artificial lighting. Generally, artificial feeding, manure cleaning, and egg picking are used. V-shaped water tanks provide water and are cleaned once a day. The chicken houses are all open structures, using "eaves, ground windows, and double-layer roller shutters" to adjust the environment inside the house under different climate conditions. In terms of site layout and epidemic prevention, the measures taken are:

1.1 Adjust measures to local conditions. The breeding area is located downwind of the living area and away from water sources.

1.2 Strictly separate clean and dirty channels, establish closed drainage ditches, and disinfect and clean them regularly to ensure their smoothness.

1.3 Strictly control the circulation of transportation and equipment within the venue.

1.4 Strictly control the number of people entering and exiting vehicles, and carry out disinfection and isolation when entering and exiting the venue.

1.5 Vehicles inside and outside the venue go their own way and do not enter each other's venue.

1.6 There is a gap between the level of the manure field and the level of the chicken house.

1.7 A boundary ditch is set up in the middle of the egg bank to prevent the mixing of on-site and off-site egg trays.

2 General equipment for the production of laying hens

2.1 Incubation equipment

Currently, box-type incubators still account for the largest share of the market. How many eggs can each machine hold? specifications. China's incubation equipment has gone through the process of starting from scratch, from existing to fully equipped, from imitation to improvement to independent innovation, making China rank second in total chicken production and first in poultry eggs.

2.2 Brooding equipment

Common brooding equipment includes the following types: electric brooding umbrella, underground flue method, and a host machine, heating system, insulation system, temperature control system, hot air A new complete set of brooding insulation equipment consisting of a circulating deodorization system and other components. In this regard, my country's brooding equipment has achieved localization in core equipment such as heating, heating and heating, reducing labor costs and chick mortality.

2.3 Cage equipment

The chicken cage is the main body of chicken raising equipment. Traditional laying hen cages have been widely promoted in China due to their huge advantages in improving labor productivity and economic benefits. However, there is still a certain gap between domestic cage design and foreign cage design in terms of welfare level and cage material selection. The design size of traditional domestic cages can only allow each chicken to stand upright and squat down, and the material selected is galvanized low-carbon steel cold-drawn wire as the bottom mesh material, which has a certain impact on the growth performance of the chickens; but in the West The country has designed cages that allow each chicken to rotate in the cage without being restricted by the cage. It complies with the European Union’s minimum standard directive for the protection of laying hens and animal welfare. The bottom net made of plastic material can be divided into two parts from the middle of the cage. The two sections are opened, and the bottom net can be opened in an inverted shape when looking for chickens. The chickens will fall and be sent to the outside of the chicken house along with the conveyor belt, which solves the problem of difficulty in looking for chickens.

2.4 Mechanized feeding equipment

The mechanized feeding equipment for laying hens generally includes storage towers, conveyors, buffer tanks, feeders, feeding troughs, and electrical control equipment. Automatic feeding equipment has been widely used at home and abroad and is one of the main equipment in mechanized chicken farms. Commonly used feeding equipment in large-scale chicken farms in my country include chain type, cable tray type, cross-cage type, and driving type.

The disc feeder has been developed a long time ago and has been popular in international farms for more than 20 years. However, several new products are now launched on the market almost every year, indicating that there is still a lot of room for technological improvement in disc feeders. ; In the feeding system of caged chickens, the traveling feeding method is called the most ideal feeding method. It ensures that each chicken eats the same quality of fresh feed while feeding evenly, so that the chickens and The chickens can easily reach a balance, increase egg production rate, have the lowest energy consumption, and easily realize the automation process.

2.5 Automatic drinking equipment

Chicks generally use vacuum waterers and pendant-type automatic waterers for flat rearing, and these two types have been commonly used, while nipple type and cup type Although automatic drinking fountains have been developed as early as the middle of the last century, and there are many products on the market, they have not been popularized because of their high manufacturing precision, otherwise they are prone to leakage. In recent years, some manufacturers have improved products that can better solve the above problems, but further testing is needed. Since the quality problem of drinking fountains in my country has not yet been completely solved, and the drinking water system is not perfect, it further restricts the development of poultry mechanization and aggravates the environmental pollution of poultry farms.

2.6 Mechanical egg collecting equipment

Mechanical egg collecting equipment is divided into semi-automatic and fully automated. Semi-automatic mainly means that the eggs are placed in the vertical integrated trough outside the chicken cage, and the staff carry out Sorting is still used in most small and medium-sized laying hen factories in my country. This egg collection method is less efficient, but it can accurately distinguish dirty eggs and soft-shell eggs and can reduce manual breaking of eggs.

The eggs mainly transported by the fully automatic mechanical egg collection are transferred from the longitudinal conveyor belt to the rod conveyor, and then transferred to the elevator conveyor chain, and are distributed along the entire width of the conveyor chain, and are transported through the guide device Function. Since mechanical egg collection requires extremely high precision for the equipment, it can correctly separate eggs of different sizes, colors, and hardnesses. The egg flow speed and the maximum collision force that each egg can withstand are considered in the assembly line docking device and the relevant parameters are designed.

2.7 Manure cleaning equipment

There are two types of mechanical manure cleaning equipment for caged laying hens in laying hen houses: scraper type or conveyor belt type manure cleaning machines. Scraper type manure cleaners are mostly used in ladder cages and online flat chicken cages, while conveyor belt type manure cleaners are mostly used in stacked chicken cages.

The commonly used scraper type manure cleaners are divided into two types: full-cycle and step-by-step. It consists of a traction motor (motor, reducer, sheave), wire rope, corner pulley, manure scraper and electronic control device.

The full-scale scraper manure cleaner is suitable for short manure trenches. The stepping scraper manure cleaner is suitable for long poultry houses, and its working principle is exactly the same as that of the whole model. The scraper-type manure cleaner uses friction and tension to make the scraper rise and fall on its own. It has a simple structure, but the steel wire rope is easily corroded and broken when it comes into contact with feces and urine. Using high-pressure polyethylene plastic to coat the steel wire can enhance its corrosion resistance, but it is easily worn and broken by sharp objects, so the transmission device should be kept smooth and burr-free.

The existing manure processing methods are anaerobic biogas treatment and direct drying treatment. The former has not been widely promoted due to the unresolved solid-liquid separation technology of biogas residue. At present, the most widely used method abroad is to use drying methods to process chicken manure. There are many types of manure drying equipment, such as solar greenhouse fermentation drying, coal-fired drum high-temperature drying, etc. The loss of nitrogen in artificially dried chicken manure is greatly reduced compared with natural accumulation. , at the same time, dry chicken manure contains a large amount of undigested crude protein and other digestible nutrients, which can be used as feed for fish.

2.8 Environmental control equipment

2.8.1 Lighting control equipment

Lighting equipment is mainly a lighting controller and a light source. The lighting controller can turn on and off the lights on time. lamp. There are two types of light controllers: quartz clock mechanical control and electronic control. Electronic light control equipment generally consists of light-shielding guide plates and programmable controllers. The use of light-shielding guide plates can reduce the entry of external light, but has a great impact on air flow. Less, it is also suitable for closed chicken houses. It can arbitrarily set the switching time, light intensity and automatically supplement the light when the light is insufficient.

2.8.2 Ventilation equipment

The function of ventilation equipment is to discharge dirty air, moisture and excess heat in the poultry house and to supplement fresh air. At present, poultry houses generally use axial flow fans with large radius and low rotation speed. Axial flow fans whose rotation speed can be automatically adjusted have been widely used in China. They save electric energy and have extremely high efficiency.

The positive pressure ventilation system used in large-scale chicken farms ensures that there is enough pressure in the chicken farm to purify, heat, and cool the incoming air, and will form an air pressure in the chicken house that is appropriately higher than the outside world, which can prevent External air enters through small gaps, thus preventing the intrusion of dirt and pathogens.

2.8.3 Wet pad evaporative cooling equipment

The main function of the wet pad fan cooling system is to allow air to enter the poultry house through the wet pad in summer, thereby lowering and controlling the temperature of the poultry house. Effect of humidity. Since American researchers invented the wet curtain-fan cooling system in the 1950s, the technology has been basically mature and has been widely used. At the beginning of reform and opening up, my country introduced the wet curtain cooling device from the United States, and developed a wet curtain-fan device in line with my country's national conditions based on my country's material development, environmental climate, and livestock and poultry house structures.

2.8.4 Heating equipment

Heating equipment is mainly used for newborn chicks and winter chickens. Heating generally uses light bulbs or hot air stoves. Light bulb heating is mainly in the form of an umbrella cover; hot air stove heating is mainly composed of hot air stoves, blowers, perforated pipes, dampers and other equipment. The hot blast stove uses coal as fuel and air as the medium to provide clean and pollution-free hot air for heating the poultry house. The device has high thermal efficiency, simple structure and low cost.

3 Summary

When my country's poultry industry was discussed in the past, the degree of mechanization was low and a large amount of manpower was used. The poultry house itself is not conducive to disease prevention and control. This is also related to my country's low labor costs and farmers' reluctance to invest heavily in equipment in the early stage. Nowadays, market competition is becoming increasingly fierce. In addition, under the guidance of national supply-side reform, mechanization and automation are inevitable. The future development trend of breeding industry.

What are the automated laying hen breeding equipment? Today, automated laying hen breeding equipment has been introduced and independently developed in my country. There are many categories, different standards, and the automation structure is relatively scattered and serialization is low. Therefore, in the future, our country needs to reposition large-scale laying hen breeding and formulate a series of standard breeding systems and standard equipment to create a new situation in my country's layer hen breeding and poultry breeding equipment.