There are 2640 known species of shrimp in the world, which belong to 39 families and are closely related to crabs, crabs and lobsters. Shrimp is characterized by translucent body, soft and elastic abdomen and fan-shaped tail. The appendage has evolved to be suitable for swimming. With long tentacles.
Freshwater shrimp culture includes freshwater shrimp culture and seawater shrimp desalination culture. The main species of freshwater shrimp in China are Macrobrachium nipponense, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and freshwater lobster.
Macrobrachium nipponense, also known as Macrobrachium nipponense, belongs to soft armor subclass, Decapoda, Marching subclass, Gymnospermaceae. Macrobrachium nipponense is mainly distributed in Japan and China, and it is also an important target of freshwater fishing in China. Except the western plateau, it is widely distributed in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds and ditches all over the country. It has the characteristics of fast growth, high fertility and strong disease resistance. The water temperature of shrimp survival is 0-34℃, and the water temperature drops below 8℃ to enter the wintering period. The spawning period is from May to September, when the water temperature is 18 to 20℃. After three to four months of careful cultivation, most of the propagated shrimp seedlings can reach the market specifications of four to five centimeters. Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai are the main concentrated areas of shrimp culture and consumption.
The origin of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is the Indian Pacific Ocean. Macrobrachium rosenbergii has different habitat habits at different growth stages. Larvae must live in salty fresh water with salinity of 8‰-22‰ during its development. Young and adult shrimps live in fresh water. The survival temperature is 15 ~ 35℃, and the suitable growth temperature is 22 ~ 32℃. Adult shrimp has no limit on salinity and can live in low salinity fresh water or brackish water. And I like to live in the lower reaches of rivers affected by tides and the waters connected with them, such as lakes, canals and rice fields. Pond culture is about five months, with a body length of eight to nine centimeters and a weight of twenty to twenty-five grams. Young and adult shrimps live alone, mostly near the water, like to cling to aquatic plants, branches and other things, and sometimes move in the water.
At present, the main species of freshwater lobsters cultured in China are red crab shrimp, Abi shrimp and crab shrimp.
Crabs and shrimps are native to Central and South America and northeastern Mexico. It was introduced into China from Japan in 1930s, and now it has spread to Anhui, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hongkong, Taiwan Province and other places, forming a large number of natural populations. Crabs and shrimps are similar to shrimps and have a hard shell. The adult is about 5.6- 1 1.9cm long, dark red, with nearly black carapace and oblique stripes on the ventral back. Young shrimps are evenly gray, sometimes with black ripples. Crab, long and narrow. The middle part of the carapace is not separated by a mesh gap, and there are obvious particles on the carapace. Can grow in salinity of 3‰ to 9‰; High temperature resistance 40℃, low temperature resistance-15℃. Strong fertility.
Red crab and shrimp, also known as Australian lobster, freshwater lobster and crayfish. Originally a wild species in Australia, it was not until 197 1 that Australia began to cultivate artificially, which looks like lobster and is one of the excellent freshwater cultured shrimps in the world. This kind of shrimp can live in rivers, lakes and ponds, and can also live in salt water. Omnivorous, eating organic debris, aquatic plants, aquatic insects, small benthos, fermented cow dung and artificial compound feed. The optimum water temperature is 22-32℃. The limit water temperature is 4℃ and 37℃. When the water quality deteriorates, you can climb out of the water to save yourself. The larger individual in nature is 500 grams, the fry can grow to 60- 100 grams in the year of artificial culture, and the second-year-old male shrimp can grow to 280 grams. It can reproduce naturally and spawn 1-2 times a year in the northern region. Abi shrimp, with strong drought resistance, can survive for a long time in a humid (waterless) environment. Abi shrimp is not good at swimming, but mostly crawls on the bottom of the pool and likes to hide in the cracks of masonry. Under the grass, I like group activities, and I don't like strong light when I go out at night. The survival temperature range of China shrimp is 5-35℃, and the suitable growth temperature is 13-28℃. When the water temperature exceeds 13℃, it begins to eat, grow and reproduce. When the water temperature exceeds 30℃, it will inhibit growth and even lead to death. It has strong hypoxia tolerance. Adult shrimp can live in water with a certain salinity (17%‰). Penaeus monodon is omnivorous and can eat plant food, such as vegetables, grains and plant debris. And animal foods, such as earthworms, insect larvae, snails, small fish and shrimp, tadpoles or other meat.
Penaeus vannamei is the species of shrimp desalination culture.
Penaeus vannamei is native to the coastal waters of the central and south Pacific from northern Peru to Sanora, Mexico. It is recognized as one of the three excellent shrimp species with the highest aquaculture yield in the world. It has the advantages of strong stress resistance, wide salt tolerance, low nutritional requirements, high meat yield, delicious meat taste and long survival time out of water. The growth water temperature of Penaeus vannamei is 15-38℃, and the optimum water temperature is 22-35℃, which is lower than 18℃. When Litopenaeus vannamei lay on its side below 9℃, its feeding activities were affected and it died. It can also be grown in water with salinity of 0.5‰~ 35‰, domesticated by desalination, or cultured in pure fresh water ponds.