statement
This entry introduces the plant species named lavender. Lavender can also refer to all species under the taxonomy "Lavender". For the introduction of the latter, please refer to the entry "Lavender".
Lavender (Latin scientific name: lavender. ) Also known as perfume plants, Lingxiang, Vanilla, Yellow Vanilla, Lavender. Belonging to Lavender of Labiatae,
A small shrub. Stems erect, stellate tomentose, old branches grayish brown, with strip-like peeling cortex. The leaves are strip-shaped or lanceolate, covered with sparse or dense gray stellate villi, grayish white or olive green when dry, and curled all over. wheel
Umbellies gather into discontinuous or almost continuous spikes at the top of branches; Bracts rhomboid-ovate, bracteoles inconspicuous; Calyx ovoid tubular or nearly tubular; The corolla is about twice as long as Cao's, with a straight tube and glandular hairs in the throat. pyrene
Oval, smooth. Native to the Mediterranean coast, Europe and Oceania islands, it is widely cultivated in Britain and Yugoslavia. Its leaves are beautiful and elegant, and its blue-purple inflorescences are tall and beautiful. It is a new perennial cold-resistant flower in the courtyard, suitable for cluster planting or strip planting, and can also be potted for viewing. [ 1]
gingkgo
light purple
Latin scientific name
Lavender.
Another name
Perfume plants, vanilla, vanilla, yellow vanilla
Binomial nomenclature/system
Lavender angustifolia
boundary
plant kingdom
door
Vascular endothelial cell
summary
Magnolia
subclass
synaptosome
eye
Tubular inflorescence
The branch of academic or vocational research.
labiatae
Yako
Lavender subfamily
belong to
light purple
grow
light purple
Distribution area
Mediterranean coast, Europe, Oceania Islands, China, Xinjiang, Tennessee, Hokkaido.
catalogue
Morphological characteristics of 1
2 growth habits
3 geographical distribution
4 cultivation techniques
Breeding mode
Tiantuan management
control of insect
5 main value
Medicinal value
Edible
Beauty value
Landscape application
6 plant culture
Name source
Arima
One legend is that ...
1 morphological feature editing
Beautiful lavender (7 photos)
Lavender is a semi-shrub or
Dwarf shrubs, branched, stellate tomentose, dense in young parts; The old branches are grayish brown or dark brown, the cortex is stripped in strips, the flower branches are long and the regenerated branches are short. The leaves are linear or lanceolate, and the leaves on the flowering branches are large and sparse.
Free, 3-5 cm long, 0.3-0.5 cm wide, densely or sparsely covered with gray stellate villi, grayish white or olive green when dry, and leaves on regenerated branches are small and tufted, with the length not exceeding 1.7 cm and the width about 0.2 cm.
M, densely covered with gray-white stellate villi, gray-white when dry, blunt at the apex, tapering at the base to a very short stalk, entire, with the edge rolled outwards, protruding below the midvein, and the lateral veins and reticular veins are not obvious. [2]
A verticillate plant usually has 6- 10 flowers, most of which are clustered into discontinuous or nearly continuous spikes at the top of branches. The spike is about 3(5) cm long, the peduncle is about 3 times as long as the inflorescence itself, and it is densely covered with stellate villi. Bracts rhombic-ovoid, apex acuminate into subulate, with 5-7 veins, usually rusty when dry, stellate tomentose, bracteoles inconspicuous; Flowers with short peduncle, blue, densely covered with gray, branched or unbranched villi. Calyx egg
Tubular or nearly tubular, 4-5 mm long, 13 pulse, hairless inside, 2-lipped, wide and long upper lip 1 teeth, short lower lip 4 teeth, equal and obvious. Corolla is about twice as long as calyx, with 13 veins, outside
It has the same indumentum as the calyx, but the base is nearly hairless, with glandular hairs on the throat and edge of the inner surface, hairy in the middle, lip-shaped at the edge, straight upper lip, 2-lobed, large and round lobes, slightly overlapping each other, and abduction of the lower lip, 3.
Split, smaller lobes. Stamens 4, inserted on trichomes, not prominent, long front pair, flat filaments, glabrous, anthers hairy. Style hairy, apex compressed, ovoid. Disk 4-lobed, lobes opposite to ovary lobes. [2]
Nutlets 4, elliptic, smooth and shiny, with a basal surface. Flowers bloom in June. The whole plant has a faint aroma with a slight woody sweetness. Because the villi on flowers, leaves and stems contain oil glands, they will burst when touched lightly and release fragrance. [2]
2 growth habit editor
temperature
Lavender is very adaptable. The adult plant is resistant to both low temperature and high temperature, and can withstand high temperature of about 40℃ in harvest season. Huanglong area, Shaanxi,
Lavender garden photos (9 photos)
An aromatic herb.
Clover plants overwinter safely in the open field at-265438 0℃; In Xinjiang, it is buried in the soil and covered with snow, which can withstand the low temperature of -37℃. The seedlings can tolerate the low temperature of-10℃. During the growth and development of lavender in the second year, the average temperature is in
At about 8℃, the germination needs10 ~15d; The average temperature is 12~ 15℃, which takes 20 days for plant branches to turn green and grow longer. The average temperature is 16~ 18℃, and it takes 25 ~ 30 days to start budding. average temperature
Flowering begins at 20~22℃; The average temperature is 26~32℃, which is the fruiting period. [3]
moisture
Lavender is a plant that likes to be dry and needs less water, with an annual rainfall of 600 ~ 800 mm During the green turning period and budding period, plants grow faster and need more water. The water requirement at flowering stage is low; The amount of water should be appropriate during the fruiting period; Winter dormancy should be irrigated or covered with snow in winter. Therefore, the ideal rainfall distribution in a year is more in spring, moderate in summer and more in winter. [3]
sunlight
Lavender is a kind of long-day plant, which needs sufficient sunshine during its growth and development, and the annual sunshine hours are required to be above 2000h h. If a plant is in a humid environment, it will develop poorly and age faster. [3]
land
Lavender has a well-developed root system, and likes deep, loose, breathable fertile soil rich in silicon and calcium. Soil with strong acidity or alkalinity and plots with high viscosity, poor drainage or high groundwater level are not suitable for planting. [3]
3 geographical distribution editing
Foreign distribution
Lavender was originally wild in southern France and the southern foothills of the Alps along the Mediterranean coast of Italy.
Lavender (2 sheets)
along with
And Spain, North Africa and other places. In13rd century, it was the main plant in the gardens of European medical monasteries. 15th century, planted in Haier Xia District. /kloc-at the end of 0/6, farming began in southern France; 18 generation
In 2000, Mickey in Surrey, Smoked Mountain in South London, Provence in France and the mountainous areas near Grasse were all famous for planting lavender and became world-famous tourist attractions. 19th century, Britain, Australia, America, Hungary, Bulgaria,
Russia, Japan and other countries have introduced and cultivated them one after another, and now they have spread all over the Mediterranean and Black Sea countries. [3]
Domestic distribution
After thousands of years 10 years of careful cultivation in Yili, Xinjiang, lavender has formed a scale on the Ili River at the foot of Tianshan Mountain. Lavender is a precious and important natural perfume plant, and its fragrance is refreshing, rich and pleasant. Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture in the hinterland of Tianshan Mountain is the main base of lavender cultivation and processing in China, and also the largest spice production base in Asia. [3]
4 cultivation technology editor
Breeding mode
sexual reproduction
Lavender is in full bloom from May to 10 every year.
Seeding and seedling raising, rapid propagation, developed roots, Miao Zhuang, is a good material for seed selection. The seeds should be uniform in size, full and brown in luster. Before sowing, the seeds should be dried in the sun, soaked in warm water at 30℃ 12~24h, soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid for 5min, washed with water, dried and then sown. It can be sown and propagated in April. The lowest temperature of seed germination is 8 ~ 65438 02℃, and the optimum temperature is 20 ~ 25℃. It can be planted in May, but the seeds of lavender have great reproductive variation and high seed price. [4]
asexual reproduction
Lavender is propagated mainly by cutting, which can maintain the excellent quality of the female parent. Cutting has strong adaptability and can be carried out in spring and autumn. Generally, healthy plant terminal buds (about 5 ~ 10 cm) or lignified shoots are selected for cutting. When cutting, remove the leaves from the bottom two nodes, and then soak them with rooting agent 100 times. After treatment, they will take root in the soil for about 2 ~ 3 weeks. The cutting substrate can be evenly mixed with river sand and oval chaff according to the ratio of 2∶ 1, and put into a 5× 10 plug for cutting. After planting seedlings, put them in a ventilated and cool environment, keep the soil moist for the first three days, and then ensure that the branches are not wrinkled and dry according to the weather conditions to improve the survival rate. Cutting seedlings are easy to manage and do not need fertilization during the whole seedling stage, so they are widely used in production. [5]
Tiantuan management
Pruning and pruning
The new species of lavender grows slowly in the early stage. With the temperature rising in spring, lavender entered the turning green period in mid-April, which added points for the promotion of lavender.
Beautiful lavender
For the development of branches and roots, artificial pruning should be carried out from the end of April to the beginning of May, that is, the top branches above the ground 15cm should be trimmed flat, the middle part of the plant should be pruned again, and the periphery should be lightly trimmed. [6]
Bud emergence and flowering management
In the local area, the 1 crop lavender entered the budding stage in late May and the blooming stage in late June. In the planting year of 1, in order to promote the branch growth of lavender seedlings and reduce nutrient consumption, 1 bud can be knocked out in early June. The second crop of flowers enters bud stage in mid-August and blooms in mid-September. In the case of good weather conditions in autumn, the third crop of flowers bloomed in mid-June at 65438+ 10. [6]
Irrigation and intertillage weeding
For newly planted lavender, sufficient irrigation should be ensured in the first three years to promote plant growth. Every year in the middle and late April, lavender should be watered in time during the greening period. Water it 6-8 times a year according to the weather and soil humidity. Pay attention to the key watering of bud water and flowering water, and water should be poured evenly and thoroughly to ensure the watering quality. Combined with timely intertillage for each irrigation, the purpose of moisture conservation, temperature increase and weeding is achieved, and intertillage weeding is generally carried out for 5~7 times throughout the year. 165438+1winter water irrigation in the first half of October. [6]
Superficial application
Although lavender has strong barren and drought tolerance, it needs to provide relatively more water and fertilizer to promote its rapid growth and increase its yield after planting. Duixin
Lavender should be fertilized early and frequently within 3 years after planting. Combined with 1 fertilization, 1 budding stage of crops, combined with watering mu, urea 15kg, diammonium phosphate10 kg; Be applied; The second topdressing of urea per mu
10kg, artificial point application beside plants. [6]
Management before overwintering
Winter is long and the temperature is low. Field experiments show that in order to ensure the safe wintering of lavender in this area, artificial mulching must be carried out before wintering. That is 1 1 month.
After watering the wintering water in the early stage, the branches of lavender above the ground 15~20cm should be pruned, and then surrounded by soil, and the buried soil thickness is about 15cm, so as to ensure that the base of the tree will not suffer from freezing injury. Note that the buried soil should not be too thick or too thin. In the next spring, before watering the green water, the soil should be scraped off in time to release the seedlings, that is, the soil covering the plants should be scraped off to prevent the branches and leaves from rotting in the soil. [6]
harvest
The suitable harvesting time is the full flowering period, that is, when 70% of the florets in the ear are in bloom, harvesting too early or too late will affect the yield. The first flowers are usually from late June to mid-July.
Two-crop flowers in ten days1late September to1early October. Forecast yield before harvest. Weeds and excessive stems and leaves should not be entrained during harvesting, so as not to affect the quality of oil. Sunny days after 10: 00, such as morning dew, should be selected after harvesting.
It is not suitable for harvesting in big days or cloudy days. The stronger the light, the hotter the day, and the higher the oil yield. When transporting and drying flowers, they should not be piled too thick to prevent fever and self-steaming, and must be treated on the day of harvesting. [6]
control of insect
disease
Control of leaf spot;
When the annual sowing seedlings or cuttings are damaged, the plants wilt, lose water, the leaves are dull, and the top of leaves and branches bend downward and droop.
Provence lavender pictures daquan
The performance of the period is the most obvious. Light can recover at night, and heavy will die in two or three days, with rotten roots and brown shiny stems. In addition to pathological manifestations, seedlings over three years old have wilting symptoms at the center or edge of the plant, which gradually develop inward and outward, and the branches wilt and die, and finally the whole plant dies. Generally, it starts in May and reaches its peak in July and August. Spray bordeaux solution 1∶200 2 ~ 3 times or zineb solution 500~800 times. Root rot and Fusarium wilt: 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim or 400-fold solution of 50% thiophanate-methyl is used for root irrigation or foliar spraying. [3]
control of insect
Starscream: diluted 600~ 1000 times with 1.8% avermectin, or sprayed with dicofol.
Cicada and flea beetle: control with pyrethroids, such as 50% phoxim EC, 50% cartap EC and 12% pesticide. [3]
5 main value editor
Medicinal value
Pharmacological activity
According to reports, foreign countries have been mainly used in the clinical and cosmetic industries in the form of dried products or essential oils for centuries. The whole plant contains volatile oil 1%~3%, lavender.
Lavender scenery
Used to treat diseases can be traced back to ancient Rome and ancient Greece. Lavender oil is still widely used as it has been for centuries. Lavender essential oil is a complex mixture of many different types of aromatic compounds, with more than 30 components, including linalool, linalyl acetate, cineole, B- roene (including cis and trans), lavender acetate, lavender alcohol, terpenoid -4- alcohol and camphor. 122 182.[7]
Sedative hypnotic effect
Lavender essential oil is mainly used for aromatherapy or massage. Abroad, 1993, Tullamore in Ireland put it in Genoral Hospital.
Volatile oils extracted from Qin Luo, juniper, lavender and sweet oregano are mixed together to improve the sleep of the elderly. In 1995, Graham also made an attempt to reduce patients' sleep dryness.
Excuse me, let it fall asleep quickly. After two weeks of combined application with volatile oil atomization therapy, the number of patients who reported good sleep at night increased significantly, and the number of patients who needed special quiet environment at night decreased significantly. In Xinjiang, this is very
Lavender whole herb preparation is used to treat neurasthenia and insomnia in many Uighur hospitals. [7]
Spastic effect
In addition to the central nervous system, animal experiments show that lavender essential oil also has spasmolytic effect on ileum and uterine smooth muscle. Its spasmolytic effect is neither through
Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors do not act on calcium channels, but act by increasing the level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Lavender essential oil also has some applications in obstetrics, such as adding to bath water, which can reduce
Pain and discomfort after delivery. [7]
Antibiotic action
Lis-Balchin found that lavender essential oil has antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria. Linalool is the main antibacterial component of lavender essential oil, which can inhibit 17 species.
Bacteria (including gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria),
10 growth of fungi. It has been proved that lavender essential oil and essential oil vapor have certain antifungal activity. 1% and 10% lavender extracts can inhibit conidia germination and spore growth of botrytis cinerea, and are sensitive to spores.
The long inhibitory effect is more effective than mycelium. Lavender essential oil vapor can also inhibit the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, and the required dosage is equivalent to that of tea tree oil, but higher than the fragrance of lemon.
Grass oil, cinnamon oil and thyme oil. The effective concentrations of lavender essential oil to Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton rubrum are as follows
When the concentration of 10~20Lg/ml is 150Lg/ml, 60 conidia can be killed. [7]
Neuroprotective effect
The aqueous extract of lavender flower inhibits glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. 100mg/ml and 1mg/ml extracts obviously blocked glutamate-induced neurotoxicity of cultured rat cerebellar granule cells, and the most effective dose was 1mg/ml. [7]
Hypolipidemic effect
Some scholars cut human adipose tissue into small pieces, cultured it in 0.05% collagenase solution, and added the extract to the culture tube. Fat degradation rate: add lavender extract.
The tube was (1.12+0.10) mg fat/tube, lavender and fennel extracts were (2.37+0. 18) mg fat/tube, and the control tube without extract was (0.35+0.09).
Fat grams/tube. [7]
Treat cardiovascular insufficiency
Some people use several herbal extracts containing lavender to treat cardiovascular insufficiency, which can relieve headache and dizziness, reduce blood cholesterol index and arterial hypotension. [7]
Treat neurosis
Li Shusheng et al. treated 50 neurosis patients with lavender scented incense for 8 weeks 1. It was found that the sleep disorder, emotional disorder, somatization symptom SCL-90 (symptom checklist 90), STAI (self-rating scale of state and personality anxiety), electroencephalogram (EEG) and rheoencephalogram (rheoencephalogram) of neurosis were all improved, and no adverse reactions were found. [7]
Edible
Lavender Tea
Lavender tea is brewed with dried flower buds. Take a tablespoon and put it in the pot, then pour in boiling water. Stew for 5 minutes and enjoy, without honey and sugar, sweet and delicious. This kind of tea has no side effects, and has many benefits, such as calming, relieving gastrointestinal spasm, refreshing, eliminating flatulence, helping digestion, preventing nausea and dizziness, relieving anxiety and nervous migraine, and preventing colds. Drinking it when you are hoarse will also help you recover, so it has the reputation of "the best companion for office workers".
Diet should be taboo: most people can eat it, 2 ~ 3 grams each time. Please use it in moderation for patients with low blood pressure to avoid being slow-witted and sleepy. Lavender powder is also used in menstrual period, which should be avoided by women in the early stage of pregnancy.
Beauty value
Lavender can inhibit bacteria, balance oil secretion and soothe skin, so it can also be used in cleansing products, adding lavender extract.
light purple
Among soap and facial cleanser products, lavender soap and facial cleanser and other high-end facial cleanser products are made by cold sterilization and the application of Isofre's advanced technology. [8]
Mask: Take 10g lavender powder, and add water, egg white or milk to make a paste. Apply evenly to face and wash off after 20 minutes. [8]
Steam your face: before making a mask, steam your face to open your pores and absorb the mask better. At this time, about 10g lavender powder can be sprinkled in the container for steaming face. The fragrance of flowers is fragrant, refreshing, calming and soothing, and moisturizing the skin. [8]
Bubble bath: Sprinkle about 5g lavender powder in the bathtub. It can shrink the whole body skin, supplement nutrition, fragrance the body and relieve stress. [8]
Landscape application
There are many kinds of lavender plants with high ecological ornamental value. Its plant is low, the whole plant is grayish purple all the year round, with vigorous growth, pruning resistance, beautiful leaf shape and color, noble and elegant. It can be used to build lavender characteristic aromatic botanical garden and realize greening, beautification, colorization and aromatization. It can not only be viewed, but also purify the air, treat diseases and play a role in medical care. [3]
6 plant culture editor
Name source
In ancient Greece, lavender was called Nardus, which came from a Syrian city called Nalda. An aromatic herb.
A pound of clothes and grass can be sold for 100 dinar, which is about equivalent to the salary of a farm worker at that time, or the reward of a barber cutting 50 people's hair. The Romans put lavender and various herbs in the bath water, and they spread this bathing method to England.
Lavender is grown and sold all over the world. Lavender was always called "espic" in18th century, while in Provence, lavender was nicknamed "epi". Lavender comes from the Latin word Lavare, which means washing. According to ancient folklore, lavender has always been a good medicine for treating skin diseases.
Arima
exist
In European tradition, lavender seems to have a natural connection with love, and a large number of love legends or folk customs are related to lavender. Lavender Represents True Love is the most representative lyric poem in the Elizabethan era. The flower language of lavender is
Waiting for Love, just like the TV series Lavender, lavender means an implicit show of love, a firm commitment, and finally you can hold your child's hand after suffering. [9]
One legend is that ...
Lavender is a fragrant purple-blue flower. It's as romantic as its location. This flower grows in Provence, France,
There is a beautiful love legend. [ 10]
In Provence, France, one of the hometown of lavender, there is a love story about lavender. ...
It is said that there is a girl in the village of Provence. She was alone in the cold mountain picking budding flowers, but she met an injured traveler from far away. When the girl saw the young man, her whole heart was captured by his elegant smile! [ 10]
So the girl invited him home, regardless of family opposition, and insisted on taking care of him until he recovered. After a few days, the traveler's injury has healed, but their love affair has spread rapidly and has reached the point of inseparable. [ 10]
One day soon, the young traveler said goodbye to the girl, but the girl who was in love insisted on leaving with the youth. Although her relatives tried their best to keep her, she still insisted on going to her hometown full of roses with her youth! [ 10]
Just before the girl left, the old lady in the village gave her a bunch of lavender to test the sincerity of young travelers, because it is said that the fragrance of lavender can make unclean things appear.
Just as the traveler was holding her hand and preparing for a long trip, the girl threw lavender hidden in her coat on the young man. Unexpectedly, the young man's body gave off a purple light smoke and disappeared with the wind! And the girl in the valley seems to vaguely hear the young people's hearty laughter. In this way, the girl was left alone. [ 10]
Before long, the girl disappeared. Some people think that she turned into a light smoke and disappeared into the valley like that young man. Some people say that she followed the scent of lavender to find youth ... Anyway, the legend of lavender has been handed down. So until now, lavender is still regarded as one of the important tools to drive away unclean things and incense. [ 10]
Getting Started Atlas More Atlas
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reference data
1. Atlas of higher plants in China. Lavender [reference date 20 14- 1 1].
2. lavender. Flora of China [citation date 2014-04-11].
3. Liu Qinling is from Wang Haitao. Cultivation, Management and Landscape Application of Lavender [J]. China Horticultural Abstracts, 20 12, (2): 132.
4. Lavender planting. New rural commercial network [reference date 2013-12-12].
5. How to breed and cultivate lavender? New rural commercial network [reference date 2013-12-12].
6. Li Hong. Study on Lavender Cultivation in Bozhou, Xinjiang [J]. special economic animal and plant, 2009, (08):34.
7. Little Clay. Introduction to the application of lavender in Uygur medicine at home and abroad [J]. China Journal of Ethnic Medicine, 2006, (04):3 1-32.
8. Teach you how to make lavender recipes to calm your nerves and beautify your skin. Zhuzhou News Network [reference date 2013-12-12].
9. Lavender in Yunfeng Mountain is in full bloom. Miyun County Government of Beijing [citation date: 2014-04-11].
10. Beautiful and elegant "lavender". China Forestry Network [reference date 2014-04-11].
Entry label:
Labiatae flowers, sunny plants, aromatic plants
Lavender atlas
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