China's people in the customary call fine theater classes, troupes for the "Liyuan" opera performers for the "Liyuan children", several generations of people engaged in the art of opera family known as "Liyuan family", the theater world known as the "Liyuan sector" and so on. Theater industry is called "Liyuan community" and so on. Liyuan, originally a place name in Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, because of the Tang Dynasty Xuanzong Li Longji in this place to teach performers, and later linked to the art of opera, and become synonymous with artistic organizations and artists. The origin of "Liyuan" in the Qing Dynasty Qianlong scholar Sun Xingyan and Jiaqing nine years (1804) written in the "Wu County, the old Lang Temple of the record" in; "...... more than to and from the capital, to see there is the old Lang Temple (: refers to the Xuanzong) of the gods. Legend has it that when Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Geng Linggong's son named Light, elegant good (Nei Shang Yu Yi dance), given the surname Li, En Yang Palace to teach his children. Light nature of the pear, so all the value of pear trees, so the name is Pear Park. Later generations worshiped as the ancestor of music. ......" modern Li Youbai wrote the "Pear Garden Examination", testified the origin of the Pear Garden. Tang Zhongzong (705-710 years), the pear orchard is nothing more than the royal forbidden garden with jujube, mulberry, peach and cherry orchards coexist in a fruit garden. Fruit and wood in the garden with the Palace, wine pavilion pitch, etc., is for the emperor and queen, the emperor and the relatives, the noble ministers to feast and drink places of amusement. Later by Tang Xuanzong Li Longji's vigorous advocacy, the nature of the pear orchard has changed, there is a simple fruit and wood garden nursery, and gradually become the Tang Dynasty, a "pear orchard children" practicing songs and dances opera pear orchard, become China's history, the first set of music, dance, opera, a comprehensive "College of the Arts ". Li Longji himself served as the Liyuan Cui Gong (or Yagong), equivalent to the current principal (or dean). Under Cui Gong, there were two sets of editors and music camp generals (also known as Kui Ling). Li Longji for the pear orchard has engaged in creative writing, but also often instructed the then Hanlin scholar or famous literati to compile programs, such as the poet He Zhizhang, Li Bai and so on have been written for the pear orchard staged programs. Li Longji, Lei Haiqing, Gongsun Daniang and others all held the position of music camp general. They were not only famous entertainers of great talent, but also tireless instructors. The poet Du Fu, in his poem "Watching Gongsun Daniang's Disciples Dancing Sword and Instrument Line," marveled at Gongsun Daniang's bold and spirited dance, "like Yi She nine sunsets, as the group of emperors and horses of the dragon soar; come as thunder to collect the wrath of shock and fury, and leave as the river and the sea to condense the light of the blue." And in the preface to this poem, it is said that there is a calligrapher named Zhang Xu, since watching Gongsun Daniang's sword dance, his cursive has grown a lot. Tang Xuanzong Li Longji relied on these outstanding creators and directors to produce a large number of performing artists. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (712-756), also known as the "Kaiyuan Sheng Shi", the development of the feudal economy and culture reached an unprecedented high. Not only did it produce a number of famous Chinese and foreign writers and poets, but it also made outstanding achievements in the fields of dance and music. In the history of Chinese opera plays an important role in the "pear orchard", was produced in the Tang Dynasty this piece of fertile soil. The students of the Liyuan were divided into the sitting section, the standing section, the small section, the male section and the female section. Sitting part is generally excellent actors, musicians sitting in the hall playing, dancers are roughly 3 to 12 people, dancing elegantly, accompanied by fine music with silk bamboo; standing part of the general actors, musicians standing in the hall under the playing, dancers from 60 to 80 people, the dance is majestic, accompanied by drums and gongs (i.e., gongs) and other musical instruments, the volume of grand; small part of the children's performances team. In addition, there is also a dance department, he is divided into Wen dance and Jian dance. Like such a huge choreography, both men and women of the Royal Academy of music, dance, opera, appeared more than a thousand years ago, can not be said to be rare in the world. Liyuan exactly in what place? Because of the time is long, now can not find an exact address. Some people believe that the Pearland in the present Xi'an City, east of Lintong County Lishan Xiulingxia; some people believe that in the present city of Xi'an City, southeast corner of the Qujiang Pond, near the address of the Han Emperor made Yiyuan near the village of Spring Lin, where the planting of a hundred pear trees; some believe that the Pearland in the northeast of the present city of Xi'an City, near the east side of the Tang Dynasty Palace of the Great Hall, three Huari's Wumen Village; some people believe that in the "Forbidden Garden "in or near, today (Xi'an meandering north, south of the Wei River area); there are people in the present Xi'an city north of 5 miles Xu Weiyang District, Dabaiyang Village, west of the village, and so on, but no matter where the Pearland, he is indeed a place to cultivate and train artists. Cult workshop is similar to the pear orchard organization, to rehearsal songs and dances, a hundred plays. During the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan, the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty, set up a workshop within the forbidden area. Due to the economic prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, coupled with the Tang Xuanzong music, dance preferences, kept tens of thousands of musicians, the scale of which is now viewed, is also quite large, Kaiyuan two years (714 years) Xuanzong will be subordinate to the original advocate of the temple of the music talent out of the special establishment of the "left and right workshop, in order to teach the common music". The responsibilities of the left and right workshops were different, with more dancers on the right and more singers on the left. The performers in the workshops were both men and women, with most of them being women, such as the Yichun Yuan, which was full of female singers and dancers. Many of the performers in the Yichun Yuan were prostitutes, and some of the living conditions of the prostitutes can be understood from the Record of the Rectory. "prostitutes into the Yichunyuan, called 'insider', also said 'front' - often in the upper (according to; Tang Xuanzong) front also. His family is still in the Church, called the 'family within the family', four seasons to give rice. Its fortunate, called 'ten family', to the first house, give no different, etc.. Out, especially favored by ten families, after the successor to the edicts of the Secretary, to give pain ten families. With dozens of families, Judaism to ten said. On the 26th of each month, the mother of a woman to a woman, no mother is a sister aunt a person. Ten families on this fall, the rest of the insiders and sit within the Church on. If a woman has a birthday, she is allowed to have her mother, aunt, sister, and brother-in-law all come to the pair, and the pair she enters is the style." Prostitutes into the Yichunyuan, food and clothing have a certain guarantee, and some have a mansion, but life is not so free, just the 26th of each month and their birthday, in order to see their mothers, aunts, sisters and other relatives. Female excellence, the early Tang Dynasty also called "loose prostitutes". Tang Xuanzong Li Longji Zhenshun Empress biography said: "At the beginning, the emperor in Lu, Zhao Li Fei to advocate honor, have tolerance, good song and dance." In the biography of Wang Ju in the New Book of the Tang Dynasty, it is doubly recorded: "Zhao Yuanli, an advocate from Shandong, had a daughter who was good at singing and dancing, and was honored by the Crown Prince (referring to Emperor Xuanzong). The most famous actor in the workshop, Huang Huanchuo, was one of the best in the Tang Dynasty in terms of talent and character. Kaiyuan years, good at performing military theater, every apartment Kuang Jian, some people say: "Huang Huanchuo, Xuanzong a day do not see, the dragon's face for this uncomfortable." Treating the emperor on weekdays, also often fake banter, vigilance of its master, often to solve the dispute to save the disaster, the world called "funny male". Zhang Yehu and Huang Huanchuo is the same generation of people, good to get the military theater, but also good at zurna (ancient wind instrument, with bamboo tube, with reeds as the mouth, the Han Dynasty from the Western Regions) and konghou (ancient stringed instruments), An Lushan rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong into the Shu, with Emperor Xuanzong went to Sichuan, and returned to the capital together, on the way for the Emperor to make the "Raindrops Bells" and "return to the capital music" two songs. Li can and for the XianTong years (860-874 years) actor, good at playing the military theater, proficient in music, good singing, melodious and twisted cadence, the capital in the young people, scrambling to imitate, called "shoot bomb", and make up the "sigh a hundred years," and other songs and dances, feel the Tang YiZong's pleasure, had awarded to the DuChi, DuDuChi, General Weiwei and other civil and military official positions. Li Guinian, Li Mu, Ma Xian period, He Huaizhi and other famous musicians.