(1) Bordeaux mixture.
It is a sky blue colloidal suspension, an excellent protective agent, with a wide bactericidal spectrum and a residual period of about 15 days. Bordeaux mixture is made of copper sulfate and lime milk, and the main component of sterilization is alkaline copper sulfate. ② Sulfur mixture.
Sulfur mixture is a reddish-brown liquid made of quicklime and sulfur powder, which is strongly alkaline, has a strong smell of rotten eggs and is easy to decompose when it meets acid. Calcium polysulfide is an effective component for sterilization. Soluble in water, unstable in nature.
(2) Organic bactericide
zineb。
The broad-spectrum protective agent has strong contact killing effect on a variety of downy mildew and anthracnose bacteria, and is safe for plants. Zineb has a short validity period and the remaining validity period is about 7 days, which is non-toxic to people and animals. However, it cannot be mixed with alkaline reagents or copper-containing preparations.
② Carbendazim.
Systemic fungicide with high efficiency, low toxicity and broad spectrum can be easily absorbed by plant roots and transported upward. The remaining period is 7 days. It can stimulate the growth of plants. Low toxicity and safety to warm-blooded animals, fish and bees.
③ thiophanate methyl.
Broad-spectrum systemic fungicide can prevent and control many plant diseases, and its lasting period is 5 ~ 7 days. Thiophanate-methyl is a low-toxic fungicide, which is safe for people, livestock and fish. 70% wettable powder is common.
4 powder xiuning.
High-efficiency systemic fungicide has the characteristics of broad spectrum, long duration and low dosage. It is absorbed by various parts of plants and can be conducted in plants. It can prevent and treat rust and powdery mildew. Safe for fish and birds, harmless to bees and natural enemies.
⑤ Dixon.
It has certain internal absorption and permeability, and is a good seed and soil treatment agent. It has special effect on diseases caused by pythium fungi, but it has poor control effect on Rhizoctonia fungi. The commonly used dosage for soil disinfection is 0.5 ~ 1.4g/m2 of 95% wettable powder. Dixon slowly dissolved. When in use, a small amount of water is added and stirred evenly, and then diluted and dissolved with water.
⑥ Toxic mold.
It has the ability of internal absorption and contact killing, and the residual period is 10 ~ 14 days. Low toxicity to mammals, slightly toxic to birds, and non-toxic to bees and fish. It is a safe, efficient and low toxic fungicide. 25% wettable powder for controlling downy mildew is 480-900g/ha; 2 ~ 4g/m2 soil was treated with 5% particles.
⑦ pentachloronitrobenzene.
It is a protective bactericide with no systemic toxicity and low toxicity. Used for soil treatment and seed disinfection, it is effective against rice sheath blight, purple feather disease, white feather disease and white silk disease, but ineffective against Fusarium. Disinfect the soil for 8 ~ 9g/m2, mix it with 12.5 ~ 15kg fine soil and apply it to the soil.
8 Formaldehyde (formalin).
It has a strong pungent smell. Toxic to people and livestock. Formaldehyde is used for soil and seed treatment or fumigation in greenhouses and warehouses.
Seed soaking treatment
Soak the seeds in clean water for 1 ~ 2 days, then soak them in 50 ~ 300 times of formaldehyde water for 1 ~ 3 hours, and then take them out and wash them with clean water.
Soil treatment
Water the soil with 5 kg/m2 ~ 10 kg/m2 of 2% ~ 3% formaldehyde solution. Cover with plastic film for 2 days and nights after application, uncover the film and spread it for airing, and use it after 15 days.
Greenhouse fumigation
Every 100 m3 space is fumigated with 100 ~ 200ml formaldehyde, 70g potassium permanganate and 200ml water. First, pour potassium permanganate into the container, then add the diluent of formaldehyde and water, seal the doors and windows, fumigate for 8 hours, open the door for 8 hours, and then open the doors and windows for ventilation before use.
(3) Agricultural antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents are metabolites of microorganisms. Agricultural antibiotics have the advantages of high efficiency, no environmental pollution and safety to people and animals. Agricultural antibiotics are highly selective, and most of them are systemic, with therapeutic and protective effects.
① oxytetracycline.
Oxytetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic, and this family also includes tetracycline, chlortetracycline and other drugs. Oxytetracycline is soluble in water and has stable properties. Broad antibacterial spectrum, which can prevent and treat diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and phytoplasma.
② Streptomycin.
It can prevent and treat various plant bacterial diseases, such as root cancer and citrus canker. In addition, there are more than 40 kinds of antibiotics commonly used in agriculture, such as kasugamycin, validamycin and internal medicine.