Recently, the Map of Cardiovascular Death in China jointly published by the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Kunming University of Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as the "Map") shows that there are obvious differences in cardiovascular mortality in different regions and different provinces and cities in China. In terms of mortality of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and hypertension, the problem of hypertension in the south is more serious, while the north is the hardest hit area of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.

Fortunately, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are all preventable diseases, and we should start with the four major risk factors that lead to the disease.

First, prevent overweight and obesity. Some studies have followed more than 1 10000 women for 16 years, and found that overweight is a risk factor for ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The intake of saturated fatty acids and sodium in diet is positively correlated with stroke, which is the main determinant of stroke mortality in population. Generally speaking, the intake of fat should not exceed 50g per day, and the proportion of saturated fatty acids should not be too high.

Second, avoid the lack of protein. Previous studies have shown that animal protein can inhibit the occurrence of stroke, but eating too much meat can also lead to excessive fat intake and increase the burden on the kidneys. Therefore, it is appropriate for the elderly to consume 65,438+0.2 ~ 65,438+0.5g protein per kilogram of body weight every day, among which high-quality protein, such as fish, eggs, milk, lean meat and bean products, can also reduce the incidence of stroke.

Third, supplement dietary fiber. Increasing dietary fiber intake can prevent hypertension and reduce the risk of stroke. Advocate to eat more whole grains, and eat more foods with high dietary fiber such as vegetables and fruits every day. Eat less sweets such as candy.

Fourth, a low-salt diet. Previous surveys show that the prevalence of hypertension in China is higher in the north than in the south; The "map" released this time shows that the mortality rate of hypertension in Huguang and Chongqing has increased significantly, which is related to the increase in the incidence of hypertension caused by people's preference for spicy and high-salt diets. China's dietary guidelines suggest that the daily salt intake per person should be less than 6 grams. 1 g salt is about the amount of a toothpaste cap. From the perspective of preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, people's diet should be as light as possible, and gradually reduce the amount of salt until salt is not deliberately added to food.

In addition, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are related to air pollution, work stress, irregular life and endocrine regulation. We should reasonably adjust our lifestyle according to our own situation, achieve environmental protection, healthy diet, quit smoking and limit alcohol, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At the same time, we also remind everyone to strengthen physical exercise, enhance their resistance and have regular physical examinations. It is recommended to have a physical examination at least once a year, focusing on disease prevention, so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment.