The Qingming Riverside Scroll is a custom painting of the Northern Song Dynasty by Zhang Zeduan. It records the buildings and livelihoods of the suburbs of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the banks of the Bian River in the city in the late Huizong era with exquisite brushwork, and depicts the prosperous scenes and natural scenery of Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the banks of the Bian River in the Chingming Festival. This scroll adopts the compositional method of scattered perspective, incorporating the complicated scenery into a unified and changeable picture. There are more than 500 figures in the painting, dressed differently, with different expressions, interspersed with various activities, focusing on drama. The composition is sparse and dense, focusing on changes in rhythm and rhyme, and the brushwork is skillful.
The whole picture is divided into three paragraphs.
The first paragraph, Bianjing countryside spring. Sparse forests and mists, reflecting a few thatched cottages, grass bridges, running water, old trees, flat boats. Two footmen drove five donkeys carrying charcoal toward the city. A piece of willow forest, the branches have just been green, people feel that although it is a cold spring, but the earth has returned to spring. On the road, a sedan chair with a woman sitting inside. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willow flowers, followed by the sedan chair riding a horse, picking a burden, from the outskirts of Beijing to return to the grave. The description of the environment and characters points out the specific time and custom of the Qingming Festival, and unfolds the prologue for the whole painting.
In the middle section, the busy Bianhe River pier. It is crowded with people and grain ships. People are resting in the teahouse, reading faces and telling fortunes, and eating in the restaurant. There is a "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which sells grave-sweeping offerings. Boats come and go in the river, head to tail, or fiberglass man pulling, or boatman sculling, some loaded with goods, against the current, some docked, nervous unloading. Across the Bianhe River is a large-scale wooden arch bridge, sophisticated structure, beautiful form, because of the shape of the rainbow, so called the Rainbow Bridge. There is a big boat is waiting to cross the bridge, the boatmen or with a bamboo pole, or with a long bamboo hook bridge, or with a hemp rope to pull the boat, or busy mast down to pass through the arch of the bridge. People on the neighboring boats were also pointing and shouting something. The people on the bridge also poked their heads out and talked nervously, expecting the ship to pass through smoothly.
The back section, the bustling city streets. With the tall city building as the center, houses are lined up on both sides. Tea house, wine store, foot store, butcher store, temples, light house ...... store has damask and silk, jewelry and spices, incense and paper horse specializing in, and medicine clinic, car repair, fortune-telling, facelift ...... various trades and industries, everything; large store door head Also tie "colorful building happy door", hanging banners, soliciting business. Market pedestrians, shoulder to shoulder, endless stream. Doing business with merchants, look at the streetscape of the gentry, officials on horseback, hawking vendors, sedan chair everyone's family, carrying a basket of walking monks, asking for directions to the countryside tourists, heard the book of the streets and alleys of the children, restaurants in the wild drinking of the sons of the rich and powerful, the side of the city begging for the disabled old man ...... men and women, women, young and old, the scholar-peasantry, agriculture, industry and commerce, the three teachings of the nine streams, everything. Sedan chair, camel, oxen and horses car, rickshaw, peace car, flathead car ...... all shapes and colors, all kinds of things. More than five meters long scroll, *** count depicted more than five hundred and fifty characters; cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock five, sixty horses, car, sedan chair more than twenty; size of more than twenty ships; houses, bridges, towers, etc. also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of the Song Dynasty architecture.
The Qingming Riverside Scene is a large number of scenes, huge and detailed, but does not appear trivial and redundant, showing the artist's ability to grasp the macroscopic large scenes, as well as in the real put in the subtle painting realm, people can not help but admire its meticulous observation and vivid and evocative expressive power.
This is an imitation of the Qingming Riverside Scroll, (Qing dynasty) Qingming Riverside Scroll, by the Qing Palace Painting Academy of the five painters Chen Mei, Sun Hu, Jin Kun, Dai Hong, Cheng Zhidao in the first year of the Qianlong period (1736), it can be said to be in accordance with the imitations of the various dynasties, the collection of the strengths of the works of the various families, plus the Ming and Qing dynasties, special customs, such as trekking, performances, and other recreational activities, so that a lot of rich plots added The painting of many things, such as drama, monkey show, stunts, ring and so on, although lost the ancient system of the Song Dynasty, it is an indispensable material for the study of social customs in the Ming and Qing dynasties. At the same time, due to the influence of Western painting style, the streets and houses, are painted with the principle of perspective, and there are Western-style buildings listed therein. This volume is bright and colorful, the brushwork is rounded and meticulous, and the boundary painting of bridges, buildings, and people are all delicate and rigorous, which is the most exquisite work in the courtyard painting.
After all the hardships of "Qingming Riverside Drawing"
The famous painter Zhang Zeduan of the Northern Song Dynasty painted the immortal masterpiece "Qingming Riverside Drawing", which is a priceless treasure in the history of China's painting. It is a long-scroll custom painting created with realism, which vividly reproduces the prosperity of the Bianjing Chengping period of the Northern Song Dynasty through the detailed depiction of the market life. The first collector of this painting was Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, who inscribed "Qingming Riverside Scroll" on the painting with his own handwriting in thin gold style. This renowned ancient and modern Chinese and foreign heirloom masterpiece, in the 800 years after the introduction of the world, has been countless collectors and connoisseurs to play and appreciate, is the target of the later generations of emperors and dignitaries to seize the target. It has been tossed and turned, several wars, through all the tribulations ...... "Dust through the end --- Chinese precious cultural relics in distress" book (Shandong Pictorial Publishing House), describes the "Qingming Riverside Drawing" through all the tribulations of the encounter. The following are excerpts from the book.
The treacherous Yan Song seized the painting to make the case
Yan Song is one of the great treacherous ministers of the Ming Dynasty. He and his son Yan Shifan, relying on power, seized a large number of paintings and antiques by trickery.
Ming Dynasty Li Rihua "flavor water Xuan diary": Lu finished after his death, his wife will be "Qingming Shanghe Tu" sewn into the pillow, not away from the body half a step, as if the life of the family, and even the son is not allowed to see. Mrs. Lu has a nephew Wang, well-spoken, very good at pleasing the lady. Wang Mou is good at painting, more like celebrity painting and calligraphy. He dug into his heart and begged Mrs. Lu to borrow a copy of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival". After repeated pleas, Mrs. reluctantly agreed, but he was not allowed to bring pen and inkstone, only allowed him to appreciate in the attic of Mrs., and not allowed to pass on to others know. Wang Mou gladly obeyed the order, and exchanges two or three months, after seeing more than ten times, actually copied a painting with a few like. At that time, the tyrannical and domineering Yan Song is searching around the "Qingming Riverside Drawing", all the royal historian Wang linea Yu learned, then spend 800 two silver from the hands of Wang Mou purchased a fake, offered to Yan Song. Yan Song's residence has a framer Tang Chen, recognized the painting is a fake, they will use this to blackmail Wang linea Yu, so that it out of 40 two silver bribe themselves, but Wang linea Yu to ignore it. Townsend was infuriated, in Yan Song feast celebrations, the old color on the map washed out with water, Yan Song in front of the crowd in great embarrassment, and later they will look for an opportunity to Wang loo yu death, the painting of Wang was also implicated, was arrested and starved to death in prison.
Ming Dynasty, another person Shen Defu "wild access to the editorial supplement" is another way of saying: Yan Song's party Yanyan Maoqing Prime Minister of Huai, Zhejiang salt, Hu Zongxian Governor Wu, Yue military affairs, they are Yan Song search for the name of the painting. They learned that "Qingming Shanghe Tu" in the late cabinet minister Wang G鏊 home, they went to buy, but the Wang family is rich, not moved by money. In desperation, the two looked for Yan Song on the framer Townsend discussion, soup and the town of Jizhou Wang linea Yu have had dealings with Wang linea Yu, Wang linea Yu's son of Shizhen, Shimao has a grudge, and therefore encourage Wang linea Yu to buy paintings, but Wang linea Yu also buy not come. Townsend then designed to let Wang loo yu to Suzhou people Huang Biao copy of the book bought to offer Song, and in Yan Song happy to tell the truth, Yan Song embarrassment anger, and then killed Wang loo yu.
The Qing dynasty people "Qingxia leisure record" on the record: Taicang Wang loo yu collection of "Qingming Shanghe Tu", Yan Song son of Yan Shifan know forced to demand, Wang loo yu will send a copy of the copy, when Townsend happened to be next to. When Wang loo yu toured Zhejiang and Jiangsu, he saw Tang was poor and downtrodden, so he recommended him to Yan Shifan. Tang Chen did not want to return the favor, but wanted to frame Wang linea to seek development, then Yan Yun: this painting he had seen in Wang linea's home, Wang linea sent is a fake, if you do not believe it, just look at the corner of the house finch whether a foot on the two tiles will be able to confirm. Yan Shifan took a closer look at the painting and found it to be true, so he hated Wang linea. It was at this time that the I'd department attacked the Central Plains, Wang linea Yu for the Governor of Jichi, Liao, Yan Song's father and son took the opportunity to kill him. The later had written according to this "a cup of snow legend" a play, just will be "Qingming Shanghe Tu" changed to "a cup of snow" white jade cup, Wang linea Yu changed to Mo Huai Gu.
The above claims, although each of them has its own version, are somewhat different from the truth. In fact, after the death of Lu Wan, his son was anxious to wait for money, they will be "Qingming Shanghe Tu" sold to the Kunshan Gu Dingchen home, after being forced to Yan Song father and son. This before Yan Song did have to Wang linea Yu bought "famous paintings", Wang linea Yu also did buy Suzhou Wang Biao copy of the offering to Yan Song, after being recognized. Just the southern people "Wang", "Huang" is not divided, Huang Biao should be Wang Biao only.
Longqing, yan song father and son by the imperial censor zou yinglong impeachment, finally lost power, yan shifan was decapitated, yan house was copied, "on the river during the Qingming Festival" again in the palace.
To the end of the world's final destination
"Riverside at Qingming" to the Qing Dynasty after the first by Lu FeiChi (Anhui phase of the people) collection. Lu Fei Edward is a Qianlong time scholar, he got the picture also in the above reserved seal inscription. It was later acquired by Bi Yuan. Bi Yuan (1730-1797), a native of Zhenyang (present-day Taicang, Jiangsu Province), was a scholar in the 25th year of the Qianlong reign (1760). Bi Yuan loved calligraphy and painting and had a rich collection at home. After obtaining the painting, he appreciated it with his brother, Bi Taki (a collector and connoisseur in the Qing Dynasty), and the painting now bears the marks of both of them.
Bi Yuan served in Guanzhong, the local cultural relics to repair and protect, but unexpectedly these became his "crime". Soon after his death, the people of Hunan and Guangdong Province against the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Court that Bi Yuan as Governor of Hunan and Guangdong Province, "teaching the bandits to make mistakes, abuse of military expenditure", not only will Bi family post taken away, but also will be killed his family of a hundred people, the family property was confiscated into the palace.
The Qing court will be "Qingming Riverside Drawing" after the palace, it will be collected in the Forbidden City, Yingchun Pavilion. The Jiaqing Emperor cherished it and ordered it to be included in the book "Shiqu Baoji Sanjiu". Since then, the Qingming Riverside Drawing has been in the Qing Palace collection, although through the 1860 British and French allied forces as well as the 1900 Eight-Nation Allied Forces two invasions of Beijing, the ransacking of the palace, but actually escaped the calamity, are not damaged.
After 1911, "Qingming Riverside" together with other precious paintings and calligraphy, was the last emperor Puyi to reward Pu Jie in the name of stolen out of the palace, first existed in tianjin tenancy within the zhang garden. 1932, Puyi in the Japanese foster, the establishment of pseudo-manchuzhou state, so the painting was brought to Changchun, existed in the pseudo-royal palace in the east courtyard of the book building.
August 1945, the Second World War was nearing its end, and the end of the Japanese invaders had come. Puyi and his Japanese masters saw the big deal, they fled to the big chestnut ditch by plane, the pseudo-Manchu Palace was a mess because of the fire. In the chaos, there are many people will take the opportunity to enter the palace "rob foreign fishing", the pseudo-palace of a large number of precious things will be in the turmoil scattered to the people, among them, there is the "Qingming Shanghe Tu".
In 1946, the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated Changchun.
In 1946, the People's Liberation Army liberated Changchun, and the PLA cadre, Comrade Zhang Kewei, collected more than ten scrolls of precious paintings and calligraphies that were scattered out of the pseudo-Manchurian Imperial Palace through local cadres, among them, there was the "Riverside Scroll on the Qingming River".
In 1947, Comrade Zhang Kewei was transferred to the Northeastern Administrative Committee, and before his departure, he handed over these more than ten scrolls to one of the main persons in charge of the Northeast Revolutionary Bases, Comrade Lin Feng.
The painting "Qingming Shanghe Tu" entered the Northeast Museum by the hand of Lin Feng, and later transferred to the Palace Museum in Beijing to be treasured. Since then, it has become its final home.
During the Cultural Revolution, Li Zuopeng, one of Lin Biao's four generals, used his power to force the Qingming Riverside Drawing to be "borrowed" from the Palace Museum and kept it for himself. Together with Qiu Huicuo and Wu Faxian, he also seized a large number of other precious cultural relics. It was only after the fall of Lin Biao that the Qingming Riverside Drawing saw the light of day again, and is still in the Palace Museum today.
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