The morphological characteristics and living habits are basically the same. See below: Edible rose cultivation and its development value. Roses are bushy deciduous shrubs of the genus Rosa of the Rosaceae family. The plant consists of roots, stems, leaves and flowers. The root system is well developed, and the horizontal root system is more developed and thicker than the vertical root system. The stems are upright, and the general plant height is 80 to 120 centimeters. Plants in 1 to 2 years are dark red, and those over three years are grayish white. The leaves are odd-pinnate, dark green, shiny, with coarsely serrated edges. The flowers are solitary or in clusters, with double purple-red petals and a fragrant aroma. Roses like a warm climate, an environment with sufficient sunshine and moderate rainfall. They are cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. They are suitable for planting in fertile, loose and well-drained light loam or loam. Rose buds sprout in late February, unfold leaves in mid-to-late March, bud in mid-to-late April, and bloom in May. The rose blooming period requires a cool climate with a large temperature difference between day and night. The number of flowers increases as the climate increases. The leaves begin to fall in mid-to-late October and enter the winter dormancy period. There are four main ways to raise rose seedlings: branch seedling raising, root seedling raising, grafting seedling raising and twig cutting raising. Because roses have strong tillering ability, it is appropriate to have 300 plants per acre (high-yielding grafted seedlings are 200 plants per acre). The row spacing is 1.5? The depth is about 40 cm. Dig the bottom of the hole loosely and level it, apply organic fertilizer and mix it with the subsoil, then plant a clump in each hole. After planting, cover with fine soil and compact it tightly. After planting, pour root-fixing water thoroughly. It can bloom in clusters after two years of cultivation. After the transplant survives, fertilize once in late March during the budding and leaf-expanding stages, during late April to early May during the blooming stage, and during the dormant stage. The first time is to apply germination fertilizer to promote the germination, growth and strength of the seedlings; the second time is to promote reproductive growth to make the flower buds more abundant and plump; the third time is to fertilize and build the foundation to help the plants survive the winter safely. Roses enter their peak flowering period in 3 to 4 years. Proper management and water and fertilizer conditions can make the flowering period last for 10 years. As the plants age, they should be renewed and rejuvenated year by year, during the dormant period in winter and spring or after picking flowers. Rejuvenation mainly involves removing diseased plants, aging roots, weak branches, dense branches, etc. to promote ventilation and light transmission of the plants, produce new branches, and increase flower production. The processing and utilization of roses mainly include medicinal roses (dried buds), rose essential oil, rose extract, rose wine, rose jam and other products. The newly introduced rose varieties this time include regular double-petaled purple roses, and three newly cultivated varieties of Fenghua rose and purple-branched rose. Regular double-petaled purple roses can be grafted with 200 seedlings/mu, and the flower yield per mu can reach 500-500. D800 kilograms/mu, 300 roses per mu, yield about 400 kilograms of flowers per mu. There are 200 Fenghua roses per acre. Its output can reach more than 1,000 kilograms in the full flowering period. It has strong disease resistance and high oil yield. It is expected to replace traditional roses. Purple branch roses are characterized by large flowers, high yield, and up to 1,000 pounds in the full flowering period. It weighs more than 1,000 pounds and has a long flowering period from May to October. This variety is a dual-purpose variety that is both ornamental and ornamental. According to changes in market demand in recent years, currently, the supply and demand of rose buds can only meet one-third of the market, and the value of the buds is very considerable. The average income per mu of roses planted in other places during the blooming period reaches 3,000 to 4,000 yuan. Roses planted in mountainous and hilly areas can earn The average income per mu ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 yuan. With the development of market economy and the improvement of people's dietary structure, roses, as a precious spice, have very broad development prospects and development value. Ornamental Roses Rose Cultivation and Management [Planting] Roses like sunshine, are cold and drought tolerant, and are also tolerant of waterlogging. The soil requirements are not strict, but it grows well in fertile and well-drained neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam. Roses grow luxuriantly and are relatively easy to manage. Use thin human and animal urine to pour around the roots in spring, pay attention to watering and drainage in summer, and apply some fertilizer around the roots in autumn. Propagation mainly uses the division method, which can be carried out before germination in March or after falling leaves in autumn. Roses or roses can also be used as rootstocks for layering or grafting. The survival rate of the cutting method is not high and it is only used occasionally. Single-petal roses can also be propagated by seeds, either in spring or autumn. How to choose good seedlings: Among rose seedlings, there are "large seedlings" that are available in winter and "new seedlings" that are only available in spring. For beginners, planting from large seedlings will not fail, so it is recommended for beginners. "Big Miao".

When purchasing large seedlings, make sure of the following points: 1. There should be 2-3 full branches that are thicker than a pencil. 2. The color of the branches should be slightly brown and shiny. 3. Try touching the branches to make sure they feel firm. 4. The branches and roots are not infected with diseases. Avoid the following flower seedlings: Flower seedlings with all thin branches, green flower seedlings with dull branches, weak middles, and soft and fluffy flowers to the touch. In addition, flower roots can be infected with diseases. It is also important to carefully check whether there are any tumors on the roots. It is also important to have complete labels and clearly indicate the variety name. Cultivation location: Roses like a cool and well-illuminated growth environment. There should be at least 6 hours of sunshine every day to produce high-quality flowers. The suitable temperature for its growth is 15-25℃. If the temperature is too high, it is not suitable for the growth of roses. In addition, good ventilation is also very important. A hot, humid and poorly ventilated environment can easily cause rose plants to suffer from various diseases, such as black spot, powdery mildew, etc. At present, there are generally two types of cultivation places: gardens and balconies. Gardens are generally planted in a place with good sunshine, and the sunny time should be at least 2-5 hours throughout the morning; choose a place with good drainage and ventilation; fully mix leaf mold or compost before transplanting. Generally, take practical measures to dry the balcony; lay curtains and do not place flower pots directly on the concrete; to prevent drainage ditches from being clogged or leaking, consider living close to the balcony; and place it in a place where the sun shines for 2-5 hours in the morning. Soil: The soil suitable for rose growth must have three main points: looseness, good ventilation and good drainage. The soil for potting can be prepared with one part each of sandy loam, snake sawdust, and vermiculite. For roses grown in open soil, be sure to choose a location that will not accumulate water, and the soil should be loosened before planting. For garden planting, in order to improve the condition of the garden soil during transplantation, a hole is dug in the transplanted part to remove bad soil. In the dug area, ruby ????with a granular structure, leaf mold soil and dry cow dung are mixed. Transplanting new roses in a place where roses have been planted before may worsen the growth of the roses. In this case, new soil must be replaced. For flower pot planting, use ruby ??soil mixed with leaf mold soil and dried cow dung. The ratio of the mixed soil is as follows: 60% ruby ??soil, 20% moldy leaf soil, and 20% dry cow dung. If you use the market The roses on sale can be cultivated with soil, which is simple and easy. It can also be used directly. In order to further improve the courage and drainage, if it is mixed with 2-30% of ruby ??soil with water retention, the soil can be used to achieve the best condition. Transplantation of flower seedlings: It can be divided into transplantation in the garden and transplantation in the planting box (flower pot). The key points of transplantation in the garden are: the flower roots expand evenly to all sides. In addition, when transplanting, you must not add fertilizer to the soil. After transplanting, water the plant thoroughly and set up pillars to support the plant until the roots are firmly established. Preparation supplies include buckets, plastic gloves, leather gloves, pruning shears, pillars, string, name tags, small shovels, leaf mold (or compost), shovels, etc. The main steps are as follows: 1. Remove the film covering the roots. The flower roots are protected with a protective material such as sphagnum moss or peat. 2. Carefully remove protective materials and soil, and proceed while carefully confirming that there are no tumors on the roots. Trim off about 1/3 of the roots. 3. Put the flower roots into a bucket filled with water and let the roots fully absorb water for 30 minutes to 1 hour, but be careful: do not leave it for more than 24 hours. 4. Dig a planting hole with a uniform diameter and depth of about 60 cm, put leaf mold soil or compost into the soil, mix it thoroughly, and then pour back the upper part of the newly dug soil. 5. Transplant flower seedlings. The key points are: place the flower seedlings in the center of the cave, spread the flower roots evenly around, and try to spread the roots as much as possible. Slightly tilt downward from the base of the plant to stabilize the roots. 6. Cover the stretched roots with soil. The lower part of the dug soil can be used to cover the soil after transplanting the flower seedlings. 7. Dig a ditch for watering around the flower seedlings (called a ditch or basin). Dig a circle around the flower seedling. 8. Water the ditch. Instead of adding water from one spot, water it evenly and evenly back and forth. 9. After transplantation, cut off about 1/3 of the branches, and remove thin branches, weak branches and dead branches from the bottom.

Key points for transplanting into a planting box (flower pot): When transplanting roses into a planting box, leave sufficient space between rose seedlings and flower seedlings. When transplanting flower seedlings, do not allow branches to overlap. After transplanting, water enough water in 2 times. Preparation supplies include: granular soil, culture soil, planting box, pot bottom net, shovel watering can, bucket, plastic gloves, leather gloves, pruning shears, pillars, string, and name tags. The main steps are as follows: 1. Transplant about 2 flower seedlings in a planting box about 60 cm wide. Consider using a planting box that allows the rose roots to stretch and is at least 20 cm deep. 2. Place particles about 3-4 cm deep at the bottom of the planting box. You can use large particles of ruby ??soil here or commercially available pot bottom stones. 3. Take out the flower seedlings from the net, and untie the peat moss wrapping the roots while spreading the flower roots. Check whether the flower roots are infected with diseases. 4. Remove the tape used for root grafting. Be sure to remove this tape. 5. Decide where to transplant the seedlings. While pressing the flower seedlings with your hands, cover them with soil with a shovel. 6. Because the roots are tightly tied, transplant the flower seedlings while spreading the flower roots horizontally. 7. After deciding the distance between the two flower seedlings, cover it with soil and add soil without burying the grafting joint. 8. Fully water the planting box, spread the soil surface, and water fully again after about 1 hour. 9. Leave 2-3 good branches and cut off the thin branches from the bottom. Good branches should be pruned by 1/3. 10. After the pillars to match the branches are erected, it is completed. Put it in a shady place where there is no wind for about 2-3 days. After the roots survive, apply fertilizer such as Hyponex and move it to a sunny place. Watering: Roses sprout from March to November, and new buds and flowers bloom one after another. Its driving force is water and nutrients (fertilizer). Water, in particular, makes up the vast majority of living organisms while transporting nutrients to plants. Therefore, it is very important. The more abundant and healthy the roots that provide the water supply are, the better the rose will grow. Therefore, it is important to have a large number of leaves growing on the ground. Potted roses can be watered every 2 days in the early stages of growth. Before and after flowering, wait until the pot soil is dry before watering again. Roses cultivated in the open field can be sprayed with water mist to lower the temperature during drought in summer. Watering in winter is also necessary. It is generally believed that roses in hibernation do not evaporate water from their leaves, so they do not need to be watered. However, when there is less rain and cold weather in winter, it is common for the moisture in the soil to evaporate from the soil beyond imagination, and the soil becomes quite dry. So if there are continuous sunny days, please water it thoroughly. Around the end of January, roses absorb nutrients from the soil and grow white roots. If the white roots are weakened due to lack of water, it will have a negative impact on spring germination. Water well during the growing season starting in spring. After winter pruning is completed and new shoots sprout, the water absorption will be accelerated. Therefore, once the surface of the soil becomes dry, it should be watered well. The key to watering is: "Water fully as soon as it becomes dry." Methods such as watering even if the soil has not dried out, or watering a small amount of water every day, often result in excess water, and the roots do not need to absorb water to elongate. , but become weak and weak, and in severe cases may cause root rot. Watering should be controlled during the flowering period of roses. This is the secret to good flowers. Because if you overwater the petals when the petals are unfolding, the roses will absorb too much fertilizer nutrients and will not bloom well. If it is ordinary soil, even if the topsoil becomes dry, it can maintain sufficient moisture during the flowering period. . Potted roses also need to be watered. Once the surface of the pot soil becomes dry, water until water can drain from the bottom of the pot. Watering must be done carefully. Watering once will not make the water reach everywhere evenly, so it can be done in two times. In summer, try to water sooner or later, and if the leaves are wilted, water immediately at any time. Application of fertilizer: Roses like fertilizer. When they are first planted, organic fertilizer should be added as the base fertilizer. You can use oil meal, bone meal or decomposed fertilizer. The dosage is 1/4-1/5 of the soil. From now on, topdress the roses every half a month. When fertilizing, you can combine weeding and loosening the soil slightly to make the roses grow better. In the winter when the roses are dormant, fertilizer is buried in the soil. Dig a pit 20-40 cm deep around the base of the rose plant 20-30 cm away.

It doesn't matter if the roots are broken at all. Add enough leaf mold or compost, mix it thoroughly with the soil, and mix 500-700 grams of fermented fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium ratio of about 1:3:1 for each rose. Don't apply fertilizer in one spot, but spread it evenly. In this case, there is no need to topdress. The fertilizer in summer should be applied at half the amount of fertilizer in winter. Because the roses are in the growth and development period, do not dig deep pits like those in winter. Instead, spread them sparsely on the surface of the soil and mix them fully with the surrounding soil. If you dig a deep hole, you may damage the roots that absorb water and nutrients, so be careful. When potting, do not mix fertilizer into the transplanted culture soil, but add compost. It can be a large-grain fertilizer (commercially available) mixed with oil residue and bone meal. For potted plants of about 20 cm, there are about 3 places. Try to bury the fertilizer as far away from the plants as possible but not as deep as possible. When replacing, remove the old fertilizer and place it in a different location than before. Propagation: Rose propagation methods include sowing, grafting, layering, division and cutting. For general home cultivation, it is more convenient to use cutting and division methods. Cuttings should be carried out in late autumn and early winter. Choose strong and plump branches. Thin leggy branches, diseased branches and young twigs are not suitable for cuttings. Each cutting should have at least 3-4 leaves, and the rest should be removed to reduce evapotranspiration. Insert the cuttings in a sand bed, keep them in a bright place, and avoid being directly exposed to strong sunlight at noon. Roots will take place in about one and a half months. If hormones that promote rooting can be used together, the rooting rate can be increased and the rooting time can be shortened. In the following spring, you can move the cuttings into pots, either No. 6 or No. 7. The appropriate planting distance for roses cultivated in the open field is 60cm for large rotations, 45cm for medium rotations, 25cm for small rotations, and about 120cm for vines. Potted roses should be repotted every 2 years. The new pot should be about 6-7cm larger than the old pot. When repotting, 1/2-1/3 of the old soil should be removed and part of the entangled root system should be removed. The following introduces the rose bud grafting method: 1. After the flowering period, cut off the leaves so that the teeth can be used as scions. 2. How to extract tooth points. 3. Cut a T-shaped joint in the stock, and then join the tooth points inside it. 4. Secure it properly with tape. It is advisable to remove the growing points of the rootstock before the tooth points begin to grow. Pruning and pruning: Roses are perennial flowers. During the long growth process, moderate pruning can make the plants grow vigorously and maintain a beautiful plant shape. If the branches are left unpruned and allowed to grow and senescence, the flowers will gradually decrease and the plant shape will become quite ugly. For roses, cut off 1/2 of the branches that have bloomed. The cuts must be flat and parallel to the axillary buds at 45°. In addition, dead branches, leggy branches, diseased branches, old branches and intertwined branches should also be cut off. Maintain good ventilation and maintain a good plant shape. The correct way to prune roses is: after the flowering period, roses should be pruned to maintain good plant shape and growth; cut off 1/2 of the length of flowering branches, and remove dead branches, diseased branches, leggy branches and Cut off all intertwining branches together; moderately pruned roses will grow new branches, which will bear buds and bloom again. The general pruning principles are as follows: 1. Use sharp scissors. The pruning position should be 0.6cm above the buds, preferably at a 45° angle. 2. The central part of the rose plant should be fully expanded to maintain a bottle shape, which can promote air circulation and reduce the occurrence of diseases. 3. Cut off diseased branches. 4. Cut off any adventitious buds. 5. Cut off weak leggy branches and restore the original appearance of the plant. 6. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring, that is, before the growing season. 7. After strong pruning, the number of rose flowers will be less, but the flowers will be huge, while slight pruning will result in more flowers and smaller flowers. 8. The safe limit for pruning is to prune until white appears in the center of the branch. Usually, the brown center indicates a dead branch. Maintenance during the flowering period: In May, the roses begin to bloom. Water them well before they bloom. But starting from 10 days before flowering, if you control the watering, you will be able to have full and beautiful flowers. If the rose is fully bloomed, remove the flower early.

If the flowers after blooming are left alone, they will bear fruit, and the nutrients will be absorbed by the fruits, which will delay the flowering of the roses and cause the flowers to be weak. Also, if you let the petals fall to the ground and do nothing. Mold can cause rose diseases, so remove the stems before the petals fall. For varieties such as hybrid tea roses, which have one flower at the end of a stem, cut the original leaves (5 leaves) into 1-2 pieces. Cut above the lower main leaf, from which new shoots can grow and a second flower can bloom. For multi-flowered varieties, cut the flower stem from the base where it connects to the adjacent flower bud. Spring pruning: Spring pruning is an operation done in order to produce more beautiful flowers that year. If you are particular about a beautiful single flower like a hybrid type, just cut it at a low position (strong pruning). If the single flower is very small, but you want to enjoy many flowers in a multi-flower series, you can cut it before pruning. About 1/2 high (weak pruning). The order of pruning is to first cut off the thin branches from the bottom, and also cut off the weak branches and dead branches that are more than 2 years old from the bottom. After cutting off the excess, cut the remaining branches short. For roses that bloom in all seasons, spring pruning can be done in February, and autumn pruning can be done at the end of August or early September, pruning twice a year. Roses that bloom all season long, like old roses, should only be pruned in the spring. Spring pruning. Because it is done during the period when roses are about to grow, there is no problem even if they are cut very short. Varieties such as climbing roses and English roses with a tree height of more than 2 meters do not need to be pruned specifically. Just cut the front 10-20CM of the branches. Pruning in autumn: From spring to autumn, rose branches and leaves grow densely, and the branches and leaves gradually become crowded. If left unchecked, the ventilation conditions will deteriorate, easily causing diseases, so pruning needs to be done diligently. The pruning method is to cut off the thin branches facing the inside of the plant from the bottom (called "inner branches"). If there are withered parts, cut them off as well. In addition, from the end of August to the beginning of September, autumn pruning of four-season flowering varieties can be carried out. Cut the branches to 2/3 of the height before pruning. Select good buds at about this height, and match the direction of the bud growth. Cut the branches 5mm diagonally. The main point is to leave as many leaves as possible. If there are fewer leaves, the flower shape will be worse, so you need to pay attention to them. For roses that are close to the ground, or those that bloom only in spring, only inner branches or dead branches are removed, and no pruning is performed in autumn. Ways to spend the summer: When the sun shines directly on the soil in summer, the temperature will rise a lot and the rose will become weak. Therefore, it is necessary to cover the base of the plant with bark or sphagnum moss to prevent the temperature of the soil from rising. Covering, in addition to adjusting the soil temperature, can also prevent the pot soil from drying out and prevent soil from splashing when it rains or watering. In addition, in order to avoid direct sunlight, you can hang a net in the direction of direct sunlight from the afternoon, or set up a square grid and wrap it around plants with strong heat resistance in summer. When potting, put a flower pot in the second circle of pots to make a double pot. The flowerpots where roses are planted in this way are not exposed to direct sunlight, so the temperature of the soil in the pots can be prevented from rising. It is also important not to place the flowerpots directly on concrete. If the branches and leaves are crowded, the ventilation will be poor, and it will be easy to get stuffy and cause diseases, so you should be diligent in tidying up the crowded branches and leaves. Overwintering methods: In areas where the temperature will not drop below zero in winter, there is no need to take special measures to keep out the cold. Use bark chips, peat moss, peat moss, etc. to cover them to keep them warm. Be careful not to expose the roses to frost. Planting in flower pots or planting boxes should be moved to a location where frost or snow is not possible. On the balcony, a small greenhouse can be set up for thermal insulation. However, to prevent the greenhouse from getting stuffy, it needs to be ventilated during the day. Flowering period management: In order to make potted roses bloom large and abundant, usually the flower buds that sprout when the seedlings are young should be picked off as early as possible, and then allowed to bloom after the seedlings have grown for about half a year. If you want to get larger flowers, keep only the main buds on each branch and remove the side buds as soon as possible. On the contrary, if there are many side buds, there will be many flowers but each flower will be smaller. During the flowering period, a little grass flower liquid fertilizer can be applied every 10 days to extend the flowering period.