The article takes time as longitude and human activities as latitude structure. First of all, the author introduces that the Spring Festival in Beijing begins at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month: people cook Laba porridge, soak Laba garlic, buy new year's goods and celebrate the New Year … to make full preparations for the Spring Festival. Then, the three climaxes of the Spring Festival are described in detail: on New Year's Eve, every family lights up all night, firecrackers keep going around the clock, having a family reunion dinner, and observing the New Year; On the first day, men go out to pay New Year's greetings, women receive guests at home, and children visit temple fairs. Look at lanterns, set off firecrackers and eat Yuanxiao. Finally, write the end of the Spring Festival on the 19th of the first month.
This paper lists a large number of Chinese New Year customs in old Beijing, which are interesting and popular among students. The content of the full text is orderly, clear in context, closely linked, with appropriate details, and promotes nature. The language expression is simple, vivid and intriguing, and the feelings of people celebrating the Spring Festival are everywhere between the lines, reflecting the desire of old Beijingers to love life and pursue a better life.
The main purpose of this paper is to feel the Chinese New Year custom in old Beijing, arouse the desire to understand folk customs and stimulate the interest in exploring traditional culture. The second is to learn a certain order of expression methods and feel the author's language characteristics.
The teaching focus of this lesson: lead students to feel the grand and lively Spring Festival in old Beijing, and understand the rich connotation of folk culture with the help of the author's description.
The teaching difficulty of this lesson: the expression method adopted by the author to highlight the folk characteristics of the Spring Festival in Beijing.
2. Text analysis.
Understanding of (1) sentence.
This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition.
"Agricultural Exhibition" refers to all kinds of rice, beans and dried fruits in Laba porridge, which seems to be gathered together for an exhibition. The author vividly wrote the folk characteristics of boiling Laba porridge in the Spring Festival in old Beijing by means of "metaphor".
On New Year's Eve, every household lights up all night, without interruption, and firecrackers go on day and night. People who work outside will go home for a reunion dinner unless they have to. That night, except for very young children, no one slept, and everyone had to stay up late.
From the first sentence, you can fully feel that "New Year's Eve is really lively". Through the words "as a last resort" and "as a last resort", we can realize how much people attach importance to "having a reunion dinner" on New Year's Eve, which is full of deep affection and permeated with traditional virtues. According to the custom of old Beijing, you can't sleep on New Year's Eve, but it's better to spend the night. This is called "shou sui". "Shounian" has two meanings: the elderly keep old on New Year's Eve, which means cherishing time; Young people stay old in order to prolong the life span of their parents. Reading these sentences, we can not only understand the customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, but also deeply understand the rich connotation of traditional folk culture.
(3) The listing of the Lantern Festival has brought another climax to Spring Festival travel rush.
The Lantern Festival here is like "Tangyuan" in the south. "New Year's Eve is really lively", which is the first climax of the Spring Festival; On New Year's Day, visiting temple fairs, although "the scene is completely different from New Year's Eve", is equally lively and is the second climax of the Spring Festival; On the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, Yuanxiao is sold in the market and eaten by every household, which is the third climax of the Spring Festival. The word "you" reflects the author's originality in the coordination of article structure and content.
Blink of an eye to the residual light temple, the end of the Spring Festival on the 19th day of the first month.
This sentence plays a connecting role in the text. Residual lamp: lanterns gradually become less and go out; The last temple: the last day of the temple fair. People have been visiting temple fairs since the first day of the first month. On the fifth day of the first month, lanterns are decorated everywhere. On the 19th day of the first month, lanterns gradually disappeared and went out. On the last day of the temple fair, the grand and lively Spring Festival is over. Nineteen days of "beautiful and happy days" actually passed in a blink of an eye, and the author's reluctant feelings were vividly expressed in the sentence. This sentence also echoes the first sentence of the text, "According to the old rules in Beijing, the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month", which makes the article complete and integrated.
(2) Understanding of words.
Spring Festival: The first day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival in China, and it also refers to the day after the first lunar month. Commonly known as "Chinese New Year".
December: December of the lunar calendar.
Laba porridge: Laba is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. On Laba, porridge is cooked with grains such as rice and beans and dried fruits such as dates, chestnuts and lotus seeds.
Diabolo: a traditional fitness toy made of bamboo and wood, which is hollow and can make a sound.
The first ten days of each month are also called "the tenth day".
Off-year: a festival in the lunar calendar. On the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, the old custom worships stoves on this day.
New Year's Eve: The night on the last day of the Lunar New Year, which also refers to the last day of the year.
Temple Fair: A fair held in or near a temple on a festival or a specific day.
Skilled: Skilled.
Lantern Festival: The night of the 15th day of the first lunar month. Because this day is called Shangyuan Festival, it is called Yuanxiao at night. In this paper, Lantern Festival (also known as Lantern Festival) is called seasonal food, and it is called "Tangyuan" in the south.
Distinctive: The appearance of being clearly and definitely separated. Describe two things that have nothing in common. This lesson refers to the sharp contrast between the "liveliness" on New Year's Eve and the "quietness" on the first day of the first month.
Vientiane Update: Vientiane: All the sights in the universe. More: change. Everything or the scene becomes brand-new.
Second, the teaching objectives
1. Can write 14 new words, and correctly read and write the words "Emerald, Vientiane update, lights all night, day and night, completely different, as a last resort, lighting, sound and light, various colors" and so on.
2. Read the text with emotion, understand the Spring Festival customs in old Beijing, feel the lively atmosphere of the festival, and understand the national civilization and traditional culture in the festival customs.
3. Try to figure out the expression order of the article and appreciate the benefits of detailed writing and abbreviated writing.
Third, teaching suggestions
1. Before class, students can be required to consult relevant books or search information on the Internet, and collect articles, poems, nursery rhymes, Spring Festival couplets, etc. Ancient and modern literati describe the Spring Festival; When students study this unit, just after the Spring Festival, they can also talk about how they spent the Spring Festival from the reality of life.
2. Grasp the content as a whole and clear up the writing ideas. This article has a long time span and many contents. From the beginning of the twelfth lunar month to the nineteenth day of the first month, it lists a series of customs of New Year in old Beijing. Therefore, it is the key to learn this lesson well to clarify the thinking of writing. The contents of the article are arranged in chronological order, which can be divided into five periods: ① 1-6 natural period (the Spring Festival almost begins at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month); 27 Nature Festival (New Year's Eve); ③ 8- 10 natural section (the first day of the first month); ④11-12 Nature Festival (Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month); ⑤ 13 natural section (end of the 19th day of the first month). Each part begins with a word indicating time, which constitutes the general sentence and the central sentence of each paragraph, followed by example sentences around the central sentence. In the teaching process, after reading the text for the first time, let the students talk about the overall impression left by the Spring Festival in Beijing, and then guide the students to realize that the structure is natural and smooth and the context is clear.
After reading the text for the first time, you can fill in the following form:
time
Social customs and habits
3. Experience the meticulous and appropriate expression effect. The text begins with the beginning of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and briefly introduces what people have prepared for the Spring Festival. Some folk customs are mentioned in only one sentence. For example, "it must be cleaned once" and "most shops in Wutianmen are closed until the sixth day of the first month". Then it describes in detail the three climaxes of New Year's Eve, the first day of junior high school and the Lantern Festival. Finally, briefly explain the end of the Spring Festival. The advantages of this writing method are the combination of point and surface, prominent focus, clear focus and impressive. In teaching, students should be given enough time for self-study and teachers should give guidance in time to achieve this teaching goal.
4. Read the sentences, imagine the pictures and understand the expressions. Mr. Lao She once said, "No matter what I write, I always hope to trust the vernacular; Even if I explain a deeper truth, I won't use terms and nouns one after another. I still keep my vulgarity and whiteness. Mr. Lao She's language style is simple and natural, fluent and accessible, simple and vulgar, appealing to both refined and popular tastes, and intriguing. This language style can be seen everywhere in the text, such as "This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition" and "The 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is almost a rehearsal for the Spring Festival". In the teaching process, it is not necessary to cover everything, and guide students to grasp the part that feels the deepest about the text and concentrate on reading, so as to cultivate a sense of language.
This paper describes many scenes and has a strong sense of pictures. Students should be guided to read aloud with emotion, imagine the picture and understand the expression. Let students get in touch with real life, truly feel the different folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and lead students to understand the folk customs displayed in this lesson-the family, nostalgia, wishes and expectations represented by the Spring Festival, as well as the psychological characteristics and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation reflected from it. For example, "these competitions are not to see who is the first and who is the second, but to show the graceful posture and skilled skills of horses, camels and riders in front of the audience." This picture can reflect the psychological characteristics and cultural traditions of the nation, which are simple and kind, advocating labor, loving life and pursuing beauty.
The understanding of expression methods is mainly to guide students to learn detailed and rough expression methods in a certain order, focusing on guiding students to understand the author's language expression characteristics. For example, "La Qibala, freezing to death in western Western jackdaw" is quoted as saying that the Spring Festival in Beijing begins at the coldest time of the year; For another example, "By the end of the year, garlic is soaked like jade, and vinegar is a little spicy, which makes people want to eat more jiaozi." Combine narrative and description to praise Laba garlic; Another example is "porridge is made of all kinds of rice, all kinds of beans and all kinds of dried fruits." This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition. "It is natural to use parallelism and metaphor to compare porridge to a' small agricultural exhibition', which shows that porridge is rich in materials and expresses pride and expectation for a bumper harvest.
5. New words can focus on guiding error-prone words. For example, don't miss a horizontal line on the left side of "vinegar", and the lower left side of "sedan chair" is not a horizontal line. Under the chestnuts is wood instead of rice.
6. In addition to practicing fast silent reading, the first question after class is intended to grasp the content of the text as a whole, fully understand the folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and grasp the most impressive scenes or details to talk about feelings. In communication, students can be guided to get in touch with the local customs of celebrating the Spring Festival and compare their feelings. This topic should be completed through the interaction among teachers, students and students in the teaching process.
The second question after class aims to implement the key objectives of this year's paragraph-"Trying to figure out the expression order of the article" and "Understanding the detailed and appropriate expression method of the article". After grasping the content of the full text and finding out the detailed description part, read aloud with emotion, combine reading with discussion, promote each other and truly realize the detailed and appropriate benefits.
The exercise intention of the third question after class is to further understand the customs and habits of different regions and nationalities, feel the folk culture and national spirit contained in traditional festivals, and thus stimulate the interest in exploring traditional culture.
7. The "reading session" after class can be completed in class or after class. The first purpose is to expand the information of holiday customs; The second is to train browsing, improve browsing speed and cultivate the ability to capture useful information; The third is to learn different writing methods according to the relevant parts of the text. For example, Chinese New Year, "I didn't particularly like Chinese New Year when I was a child", "I cleaned up leftovers every day" and "I was so sleepy that I had no appetite to eat" wrote another feeling different from Wen. Another example is "New Year's Eve", which introduces the New Year's customs in southern Fujian. Let the students compare it with the New Year's Eve in the text to see what is the difference.
Fourth, teaching cases.
In the first lesson,
First of all, understand the unit content and introduce new lessons.
1. Understand the unit leaders. Starting today, we will learn the second set of texts. Please look at the unit introduction and see what this group of texts has arranged.
(1) This group of words mainly talks about the folk customs in different regions.
(2) We can carry out investigation activities in combination with text learning to understand the folk customs of festivals, costumes, diets and houses.
2. Understand the arrangement of the text. Let's take a look at the title of the text again and see what this group of textbooks has arranged around "folk customs"
The students recalled the Spring Festival.
Let the students recall first: How did we spend the Spring Festival? Guide students to feel that the Spring Festival is a festive festival and a reunion festival! So as to stimulate students' interest in learning.
Second, read the text for the first time, perceive it as a whole, and answer the questions.
Please read the Spring Festival in Beijing freely, mark the natural paragraphs and think about it: What impression did the Spring Festival in Beijing leave on you as a whole? If you don't understand anything, bring it up later.
1. Overall perception. What impression did the Spring Festival in Beijing leave on you as a whole?
2. Communicate what you understand and what you don't understand.
(1) What did you read during your study? For example:
December: December of the lunar calendar. The last day of the twelfth lunar month is what we call New Year's Eve. The second day of New Year's Eve is the first day of the first month, which is what we call Chinese New Year.
The tenth day: a month is divided into three days, and ten days is ten days. The first ten days of a month are the first ten days.
(2) What other places are not understood? Bring it up and we'll work it out together. For example:
Diabolo: You can watch videos or pictures to learn about different kinds of diabolo, play a lot, and whistle. It was fun.
Overpass: it's not the footbridge we usually say. Tianqiao is a very lively place in old Beijing. At that time, there were rivers and bridges, so it was called overpass. Tianqiao is a very big market. There are many folk artists performing arts, Beijing snacks and storytellers, and all kinds of things can be bought and sold.
Temple at the end of the Lantern Festival: Combining the notes and the text, we can know that it refers to the end of the Spring Festival.
Third, read silently and fill in the form to understand the time and customs of the Spring Festival.
1. Know how long the Spring Festival is in Beijing.
When does the Spring Festival in Beijing begin and end? At the beginning of the first paragraph, the text says that "according to the old rules in Beijing, the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month", and the last paragraph says that "the Spring Festival ends on the 19th day of the first month". It can be seen that the Spring Festival in Beijing is particularly long, with more than a month. )
2. Read the text silently and fill in the form in cooperation.
In this more than a month's time, what days did Mr. Lao She write? Please read the text silently, draw the time when Mr. Lao She wrote it, and fill it on the left side of the form. Look at the specific customs and habits of these times and fill them in on the right side of the form. You can cooperate at the same table when filling out the form and report to you later.
Time customs and habits
3. Report and communicate to understand the writing order and the custom of the Spring Festival.
(1) Please listen and check the forms you have filled out, mark them and discuss them later. (The column "Customs and Habits" is not required to be filled in comprehensively and carefully, and the contents of the form are for reference only. )
(2) According to the hints in the table, did the students find out in what order the texts were written? (chronological order)
Fourth, read aloud freely and practice difficult sentences.
1. Free reading: By reading and filling in forms and communicating with each other, we have a better understanding of the Spring Festival customs in Beijing. Now practice reading the text freely. If you find it difficult to read, read it several times and try to read it well.
2. Show reading aloud: I practiced some difficult places just now and read them to you.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion and task
In this lesson, we learned the customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, the writing order of the text, what we don't understand, and practiced difficult sentences. There are many new words in this text. Please copy carefully after class and prepare for dictation in the next class.
In the second lesson,
Dictate new words, check and correct mistakes against the text.
On the tenth day, garlic cloves, jadeite, beautiful and delicious, jiaozi, miscellaneous seeds, hazelnuts, chestnuts, firecrackers, kites, complete temples, visiting temple fairs, and decorating with lanterns.
Second, review the writing order and main contents
Last class, I filled out the form and made a report exchange. Now think back and talk to each other at the same table: in what order did Mr. Lao She write it? What did you mainly write?
1. Writing order: chronological order.
2. Main contents: It mainly introduces that the Spring Festival in Beijing starts from the 10th day of the twelfth lunar month and ends on the 19th day of the first month. People cook Laba porridge and soak Laba garlic on Laba Festival. On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, New Year's Eve was very lively, but the scene of the first day was completely different. Lantern Festival is another climax of Spring Festival. It was not until the 19th day of the first month that the Spring Festival ended.
Third, distinguish the details and practice reading aloud
1. Distinguish the details: which parts of the text are detailed and which parts are short?
(1) Meditation: Please read the text silently and mark the details.
(2) Collective communication: it is clear that the author wrote four parts in detail: "Laba, New Year's Eve, the first day of the first month, and Yuanxiao".
2. Practice reading aloud: read four parts in detail, and pay attention to reading correctly and smoothly.
(1) Read for free.
(2) Show reading aloud: Which part do you think is well read and which part is well learned? Read the text correctly and fluently in reading, evaluation and group exercises.
Fourth, write the fragments in detail, feel the excitement of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and experience the author's expression.
Of the four days written in detail by Mr. Lao She, which day do you like best? Read deeply, outline the most impressive places, make some comments according to your own feelings about the New Year, and prepare to communicate with you.
In the whole communication process, we should pay attention to the combination of reading and enlightenment. While deeply understanding the customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, feel the lively atmosphere of the Spring Festival in Beijing and appreciate the charm of Mr. Lao She's language. The main points of communication are as follows:
1. Laba: Boil Laba porridge and soak Laba garlic.
(1) Boiled Laba porridge: "Porridge is made of all kinds of rice, all kinds of beans and all kinds of dried fruits. This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition. " Experience the popularity and interest of Mr. Lao She's language.
(2) Soaking Laba garlic: "At the end of the year, garlic is soaked like jade, and vinegar is a little spicy, which makes people want to eat jiaozi more." Highlighting the words "the color is like jade" and "the color is delicious", we realize that Mr. Lao She's language is concise and presents us with a vivid picture, which is also the charm of Mr. Lao She's language.
2. New Year's Eve. Grasp the general sentence "New Year's Eve is really lively" to experience.
(1) From the perspective of human activities. "Every family cooks New Year's dishes", "Men, women and children wear new clothes", "People who work outside the home will go home for a reunion dinner unless they have to" and "No one sleeps except very young children", which is enough to show that almost everyone is celebrating New Year's Eve. Of course it's lively.
(2) From the perspective of "taste, color and sound". There are wine, meat, red couplets and all kinds of New Year pictures everywhere. Every household lights up all night and sets off firecrackers day and night. Lao She described the fragrance, color and sound in a comprehensive way, which fully showed the excitement of New Year's Eve. It can be seen that Mr. Lao She described it delicately.
3. The first day of the first month. Mainly through human activities.
(1) It's "completely different" from New Year's Eve: the whole city is resting, and most shopkeepers don't open their doors until the sixth day.
(2) People's activities: Men pay New Year greetings to relatives and friends before noon. Women receive guests at home. Vendors set up stalls outside the temple, children like to visit temple fairs, and many people take part in camel races! In short, everyone is not idle, or visiting relatives and friends, or shopping and playing games, which can be described as relaxed and comfortable.
4. Lantern Festival. Mainly through the description of the lamp to experience.
(1) Draw a sentence about writing a lamp and read it freely.
(2) Tell me about your own experience.
There are a lot of lights: you can feel them from the words "decorating everywhere", "The whole street is like a happy event", "Hundreds of lights are hung in famous old shops" and "There are lights at home".
There are many kinds of lights: you can feel them from "all kinds of lights", "all glass" and "lights at home".
(3) Mr. Lao She focuses on describing the number and variety of lamps. what is the purpose?
In order to highlight "Yuanxiao is another climax of the Spring Festival" and "Yuanxiao is indeed a beautiful and happy day". This is also the summary sentence of Total Sentiment about Lantern Festival. The author adopts the paragraph structure of total-sub total.
Fifth, review the full text and realize the benefits of detailed writing.
Guide students to understand Lao She's Spring Festival customs through discussion, and at the same time, focus on Laba, New Year's Eve, the first day of the first month and Yuanxiao, so that the customs and habits of the Spring Festival will leave us a deeper impression! This is also the advantage of writing in detail and properly.
Sixth, learn to "read links"
Guide the students to realize that Grandpa Lao She wrote only one sentence about "cooking New Year's Eve" and "having a reunion dinner" in "Spring Festival in Beijing". But Liang Shiqiu and Lin Si wrote in great detail. At the same time, I know you can write New Year's Eve in different ways. In the future practice, we should be good at using different writing methods flexibly, writing personality and writing characteristics.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links
1. Lao She (1899— 1966) is a famous modern writer. Her original name was Shu Qingchun, Manchu. Born in a poor family in Beijing. 19 18 after graduating from normal school, he used to be the principal of the seventeenth primary school in Beijing and the Chinese teacher of Nankai Middle School in Tianjin. During the May 4th New Culture Movement, he began to write in vernacular Chinese. 1924 went to England and worked as a Chinese lecturer at Oriental College of London University. 1929 returned to China and worked as a professor at cheeloo university in Jinan and Shandong University in Qingdao. 1937, his masterpiece "Camel Xiangzi" came out and was translated into more than a dozen languages, which had great influence in the world. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, with the direct care and help of Zhou Enlai, he engaged in anti-Japanese literature activities. 1946 went to the United States to give lectures. After returning to China from 65438 to 0949, he served as a member of the the State Council Cultural and Educational Committee, a deputy to the National People's Congress, a vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, a member of the Beijing Municipal People's Committee and the chairman of the Municipal Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He worked hard and wrote 20 plays after liberation, which was regarded as a model worker in the literary team. 1966 died at the age of 67.
2. Lao She's language style
(1) Beijing charm
In the history of modern literature in China, Lao She was a writer who wrote in authentic Beijing dialect. Most of his works are set in Beijing, such as Camel Xiangzi, My Life, A Family of Four Generations and Under the Red Flag. The language of these works is full of Beijing characteristics, just as Lu Xun's works are full of Shaoxing characteristics, Shen Congwen's works are full of Xiangxi characteristics, and Zhao Shuli's works are full of Shanxi characteristics. Anyone who has read Lao She's works will feel that the language is full of Beijing charm.
The charm of the language of Lao She's works in Beijing lies in the fact that Lao She's works are based on the life of the lower class citizens in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing since childhood and is familiar with Beijing, which provides a unique condition for Lao She to use Beijing language. Lao She always pays attention to drawing beneficial nutrition from the citizens' language. Of course, Lao She did not copy the local language of Beijing intact when he created it, but after selection, refining, processing and transformation, he applied it to his works appropriately.
(2) Easy to understand
Lao She has his own consistent pursuit in the use of language. He has expressed this view many times: "No matter what I write, I always hope to trust the vernacular;" Even if I explain a deeper truth, I will not use terms and nouns one after another. " "I still keep my vulgarity and whiteness." Lao She is committed to "vulgarity", that is, the language is popular, simple and unpretentious. Lao She's vulgarity is not vulgar, but concise, implicit and intriguing.
For example, the article "Spring Festival in Beijing" is simple and natural, unadorned, fluent and easy to understand, clear as words, no difficult words, no embarrassing sentences, elegant rhetoric and no Europeanized sentences. Reading and reading, we are as kind as listening to an old man chatting and telling stories. Cao Yu put it well: "The language in his works is distinctive, without flowery rhetoric, but it touches people's hearts. It is profound and wonderful, and often unspeakable. "
(3) Humor
Humor is an important feature of Lao She's language art, and it is also a remarkable sign that his language art is different from other writers. Lao She said: "To be lively and interesting, we must use humor. Dry, obscure and boring are the fatal wounds of literature and art. "Lao She is extremely sensitive to humor in life and is good at expressing it in the form of wit and irony. Humor, as a distinctive color of language, often relies on the comprehensive use of other rhetorical devices and language elements to achieve the expected results. Lao She's novels often use rhetorical devices such as exaggeration, analogy, allegory, irony, homophonic and misinterpretation to form humorous situations. It can be said that Lao She is a humorous language artist. His humorous talent flashes between the lines of his works, and he expresses the thought content of "thinking deeply" in the language of "speaking skillfully", which is implicit and meaningful and full of humor.
3. Beijing Spring Festival nursery rhymes
Children, children, don't be greedy, after Laba is the year;
Laba porridge, after drinking for a few days, is twenty-three miles away;
Twenty-three, honeydew melon is sticky; Twenty-four, sweeping the house;
Twenty-five, grinding bean curd; Twenty-six, go to buy meat;
Twenty-seven, slaughter a chicken; Twenty-eight, send face;
Twenty-nine, steamed bread; Stay up for 30 nights;
Walking all over the street the first day and the second day.