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Bonsai is a work of art that expresses a natural landscape in a basin using plants and rocks as the basic materials. Bonsai originated in China, bonsai generally has two major categories: tree stump bonsai and landscape bonsai, bonsai is composed of three elements: landscape, basin, and several (frame), which are interconnected and interact with each other as a unified whole. People call bonsai as "three-dimensional painting" and "silent poem".
Catalog
Introduction
Origin
Development
Category of Stump Bonsai
Shan Shui Bonsai
Artistic Schools of Bonsai and Frames
Title and Display
Style of Lingnan Bonsai
Chuan Bonsai
Hai Bonsai
Composition Elements
Big Genres
Modeling
Ten Taboos and Tendencies
Ten Tendencies
Designing EffectsAnalysing Trees
Care of Trees According to Diagrams
Less Detouring
Combining Sketches
Stump MakingIdentifying the Merits of Tree Forms
Composing a Plan
Selecting the Stem
Composition
Roots
Composition
Selecting the Roots
The Roots of Bonsai
Rooting
Branching
Planting
Literature: Basic Information on Bonsai
Original Works
Works
Appreciation of Works
Introduction
Origin
Origin
Category of Production Tree Stumps for Bonsai
Shanshui-Bonsai
Style of Art Pots and Stands
Title and display
Style Lingnan bonsai
Sichuan bonsai
Hai bonsai
Components
Major genres
Modeling
Decalogue
Ten taboos and ten desirable
Ten taboos and ten desirable design effects
Analysis of the tree, care and maintenance of the tree in accordance with the diagram, to avoid detours, combined with a sketch. Stump production
Identifying the advantages and disadvantages of tree shape Structuring Selection of trunks Rooting and branching Cultivation Literature: Bonsai
Basic Information Original Works Works Appreciation Expansion Edit Introduction
Bonsai is one of the excellent traditional arts of the Chinese nation. It takes plants, rocks, soil, water and other materials as materials, through the art of bonsai
The art of creation and horticultural cultivation, in the basin, typical, centralized shaping of nature's beautiful scenery, to achieve the shrinking of the dragon into an inch, small in the big artistic effect, at the same time, the scene expresses the feelings of expression of the far-reaching mood, as if the three-dimensional landscape paintings. The main material of bonsai itself is natural, with natural charm. Plants also have life characteristics, with the passage of time and change of seasons, showing different scenery. Bonsai is a kind of living artwork, which is an organic combination of natural beauty and artistic beauty. Bonsai is presented in pots in the landscape or garden flowers and trees in the landscape of the art of miniature products. Trees, flowers and plants, rocks, water, soil and other materials, the layout, modeling and careful maintenance, can be at hand in the space to focus on the appearance of the mountains and rivers and the beauty of garden art, to become a poetic and picturesque desktop offerings and garden decorations, often known as "silent poetry, three-dimensional painting".
Editorial section of the origin of the development
Bonsai originated in China. 1972 in Shaanxi Qianling excavated in the Tang Dynasty Zhanghuai Prince's Tomb (built in 706) Bonsai
The east wall of the canal is painted with a maid holding the bonsai wall paintings, is so far known to be the earliest in the world of the bonsai factual record. Bonsai was developed to a high level in the Song Dynasty. Famous scribes of that time, such as Wang Shipeng, Lu You, Su Dongpo, etc., all described and praised bonsai in detail. In the Yuan Dynasty, the monk Susanna S?lund made small-scale bonsai, which was based on natural methods and called "some bonsai". Ming and Qing times bonsai more prosperous, there have been many writings about bonsai. The word "bonsai", the earliest is seen in the Ming dynasty TuLong written by the "kaoPanYuShi". 1950s, bonsai production in the public * * * * gardens, nurseries and folk family has a great popularity, and set up a bonsai association, and often organized bonsai garden and bonsai art exhibitions and so on. Japan's stump bonsai imported from China, called "bonsai". 14th century paintings have appeared. 1909, Japan's bonsai through an exhibition in London and spread to the West, after the Second World War began to popularize in Europe and the United States, and phonetically translated as "bonsai". Bonsai". There are national and local associations in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, Australia and Japan, etc. In 1980, the world's first bonsai convention was held in Osaka, Japan, and the World Bonsai Exhibition was held at the same time.
Edit Category Production
Bonsai is generally divided into two categories: tree stump bonsai and landscape bonsai. The former to trees as the main material, and can be divided into shape, foliage, fruit and flowers 4 categories; the latter more application of rocks, water, soil as materials, water-based water bonsai, soil, bonsai
Stone-based dry bonsai, water, soil, water, both for the water and drought bonsai. Bonsai specifications: stump bonsai according to the stump height (which cliff type according to the branch extension length), landscape bonsai according to the length of the pot, divided into extra-large (more than 150 centimeters), large (80-150 centimeters), medium-sized (40-80 centimeters), small (10-40 centimeters) and miniature (10 centimeters or less) 5 kinds.
Tree stump bonsai
Most of the use of small branches and leaves, potting easy to survive, slow-growing, long life, root trunk peculiar species, both colorful flowers and fruits is particularly good. Now has been used as a stump landscape tree of about 160 species, in addition to artificial propagation, often from the mountains and forests of the wild land digging after many years of woodcutting left behind the old trunk stump culture. Stump bonsai has a variety of forms, which can be summarized as straight stem, slanting stem, curved stem, lying stem, cliff, withered stem, rooted, attached to the stone, jungle and other forms. Cultivation soil to loose air, good drainage, and can retain fertilizer for the best. The production of bonsai is based on the pruning of plastic surgery and the use of wire or brown wire tied branches bonsai
The stem is bent into a certain shape, and then carefully pruned and molded year after year and other methods, and have different local styles. Tree stump bonsai molding must be carefully maintained. Among them, pruning is an important measure to promote or control the growth of the stump and keep it in a certain posture. Where the branches and leaves into a piece, the level of the stump, often thinning or short cut, in order to control the disturbance of the posture of the branches. Pine can remove all or part of the main bud, so that the tip becomes shorter. Broad-leaved tree pruning, depending on the species and flowering and fruiting habits are different. Fertilizer should not be too much, but need to be applied diligently, in order to keep the plant leafy and flowery, robust and not futile. Flowers, fruit tree stakes need more fertilizer, and must increase the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer. The amount of watering according to climate, species, climate period and the texture of the pot varies, to keep the soil moist to the extent. Produced in the mountains of the pine, azalea, etc. also need to line often foliar water spray. Depending on the size of the bonsai specifications every 1 to 5 years for a pot. When changing pots must remove part of the old soil, cut around and at the bottom of some of the old roots, add new culture soil, replanting. In addition, must also be taken to prevent and control pests and diseases and cold, shade and other maintenance measures.
Shanshui bonsai
Must be selected in advance theme, and carefully designed, according to the theme of the stone, processing; can also be appropriate for the stone, with the type of picking. Mountain stone materials are loose stone (soft stone) and hard stone (hard stone) two types. Loose stone material can be used in a special hammer on the stone cut out gullies, caves, peaks, mountains; hard stone is used to cut, sawing, cutting and other methods to achieve the purpose of removing the turnover of the stock of the essence of the shortcomings can be made up for through the splicing of gluing. There are planting holes in the stone, easy to plant plants and trees. The layout of the scene in the basin shall be clearly defined, rich levels, changes without clutter. The same basin should be the same kind of stone, stone color similar, smooth texture. At the same time, the use of near big and far small, low big and high small, near real and far virtual perspective principle, with the appropriate size of the grass, pavilion bridge, birds and animals, people, etc., with shallow pots to set off, to achieve the small in the big, at hand, the artistic effect of thousands of miles.
Edit this section of the art school
Basin and a few frames
Tree (or stone), pots and a few frames, is the three elements of the art of bonsai, you can't have one without the other. The texture of pots, bonsai
shapes vary. Tree stump bonsai more purple sand pots and colored pottery pots, the shape is not confined; landscape bonsai more marble, alabaster, alum stone or ceramic shallow pots, rectangular and oval for more. Several shelves are made of mahogany, nanmu, teak, rosewood, boxwood and other valuable hardwood, and can also be processed with bamboo or natural tree roots. The traditional form of China's shelves can be divided into two categories of Ming and Qing styles: the Ming style modeling elegant, simple structure, strong lines; Qing style carving wisps carved flowers, delicate structure, complex lines, each with its own characteristics.
Title and display
A proper and poetic title for the bonsai can draw a dragon and attract attention. Chinese poems, allusions and idioms, often an important source of bonsai title. In order to make the bonsai in a short distance, small space to achieve a better viewing effect, placed in the height of the level for the appropriate, or slightly below the horizon. If you want to give a person the feeling of towering into the clouds, or the Department of the cliff type bonsai, the position can be raised appropriately. Background color should be simple and elegant, and contrast with the bonsai and bake, with. Bonsai furnishings should be coordinated with the environment. Such as the Chinese ancient architecture hall more symmetrical display, the pattern of neat and rigorous; modern public **** building and family should be matched with the interior decoration, according to the local conditions. Bonsai exhibition exhibits display pay attention to the overall artistic effect, to be high and low, before and after the staggered, sparse and dense, focused. Long-term exhibition of bonsai garden should also pay attention to the conditions of bonsai plant growth and maintenance management.
Edit section style
Lingnan bonsai
Including Guangdong, Guangxi region of bonsai, and Guangzhou bonsai as a representative. Due to the warm climate of Lingnan, ancient trees, tree species more selection of elm, bird plum vine (Sageretia spp.), banyan, nine lixiang (Murraya pa-niculata and Fujian tea (base and tree, Carmo bonsai
na microphylla) for bonsai tree species, and to create a "cut off the trunk of the branches" based on the production method.
Chuanchuan Bonsai is the first bonsai tree in China, and the main production method is "cutting off the stem and storing branches", the stump is cut off first to promote the growth of branches and leaves, and after repeated pruning, and the formation of the stem of the old branches of the characteristics of the luxuriant, embodying the style of the upright natural or elegant and bold.
Sichuan School of Bonsai
Represented by Chengdu Bonsai, it includes bonsai from Chongqing and other places. Tree species are mostly bottlebrush (Diospyros sp.), sticker begonias, luohansong, ginkgo, bonsai bamboo, plum and so on. Tree stump bonsai to coiling skills, and focus on hanging roots, claws, roots and interlaced modeling. It can be divided into two categories: traditional regular style and improved natural style. The former uses brown wire to tie up the curved branches, and the latter wins by being ancient and majestic.
Sea bonsai
Shanghai bonsai. It is a unique style that has been gradually formed on the basis of the strengths of various schools. Tree species are varied, but mainly pine and cypress; the production of more metal wire bound around the plastic and meticulous pruning methods year by year, strong and natural. Among them, the development of miniature bonsai in recent years is particularly interesting. Other still have suzhou, changshu and other places of su school bonsai, the old stem coiled branch, clean and elegant; Yangzhou, taizhou and other places of yang school bonsai, strict and smooth, level; shexian and other places of huipai bonsai, more than with the plum stakes tie up, the trunk of the left and right curved as a swimming dragon, are all unique, the qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu qu.
Editorial elements
Bonsai is composed of three elements: scenery, pots, several (frame). These three elements are interconnected, mutual influence, indispensable to the unity of the whole. That is, usually referred to as the scene, pots, a few (frame) trinity. "Scenery" in bonsai for the main part, pots, a few for the subordinate part. That is, a good bonsai, scenery, pots, a few to cooperate with each other, the main and secondary, pay attention to avoid the admirer's attention to guide to the "pot" or "a few (frame)" up. Pots, a few (frame) whether in shape, volume, color and other aspects of the relationship with the scene should be handled in a coordinated and natural. To maintain the subject-object relationship, which is often said: a scene two pots three several (frame) of the reason. Different shapes of bonsai (20)
Edit this section of the major types of schools
The five major schools are: the five major schools: Lingnan School, Chuan School, Yang School, Su School, Hai School; the other schools: Hui School, Zhejiang School, Min School, Gui School, Beijing School, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Ru Xin School. Bonsai
The two main categories are: tree bonsai and landscape bonsai, which were formed as early as the Song Dynasty. With the continuous innovation of the art of bonsai and bonsai materials are increasingly rich, China's new categories of bonsai is also gradually arising. Now can be divided into the following seven categories: the first category, tree bonsai: trees as the main material, with rocks, people, birds and animals as a companion, through climbing, pruning, shaping and other technical processing and horticultural cultivation, in the pot to show the wilderness giant trees or lush forest scene, collectively referred to as tree bonsai. Due to the tree bonsai material is often extracted from the mountain wilderness, so the tree bonsai customarily also known as stump bonsai. The second category, landscape bonsai: with a variety of rocks as the theme material, to the nature of the landscape scene as a model, after selecting and cutting, chiseling, splicing and other technical processing, arranged in a shallow basin, showing the cliffs, peaks and ravines, green mountains, blue streams and other landscape scenes, collectively referred to as the landscape bonsai, also known as the rock bonsai. The third category, water and drought bonsai: water and drought bonsai is mainly plants, rocks, soil, water, fittings and other materials, through the processing, layout, the use of rocks to separate the water and soil method, in a shallow basin to show the natural world that kind of water, dry land, trees, rocks and rocks both a landscape bonsai. The fourth category, flowers and plants bonsai: flowers and plants or woody flowers as the main material, after a certain modification process, appropriate configuration of rocks and embellishments accessories, in the pot to show the natural world of beautiful flowers and plants scenery, known as flowers and plants bonsai. The fifth category, miniature bonsai: general tree bonsai height of 10 centimeters, landscape and drought bonsai pots not more than 10 centimeters long these bonsai, known as miniature bonsai. The sixth category, hanging wall bonsai: hanging wall bonsai is the general bonsai and shell carving, hanging screen and other crafts combined to produce an innovative form. Hanging wall bonsai can be divided into two categories, one type of rocks as the main body, known as landscape hanging wall bonsai; another type of flowers and trees as the main body, known as flowers and trees hanging wall bonsai. Seventh category, shaped bonsai: shaped bonsai refers to plants planted in a special vessel, and careful maintenance and modeling processing, made of an interesting bonsai.
Edit this section modeling chapter
Chapter law originally refers to the writing of the article used in the beginning and end of the technique, and then interpreted as the structure and layout of the calligraphy, painting and stone. In Chinese bonsai, chapter method is used to deal with the relationship between the structure of care, echo, straightness, sparseness, gathering and dispersing, situation, rigidity and flexibility, skillfulness and clumsiness, thickness, lightness, weight, increasing and decreasing, repetition, contention, interspersing, covering, clutching, deformation, realism and white space, and cleanliness and mutilation. Bonsai
To be divided into large chapters and small chapters. In the application of Chinese bonsai art, "big chapter" can be said to be the whole work of "cloth white", why not use the word "layout" in Go, but with the calligraphy and painting Why don't we use the word "layout" in Go, but use the term "Bubai" in calligraphy and painting? We often say that "bonsai is a three-dimensional painting". An ounce of pot, even feet of trees, can hide heaven and earth. The law of man is the law of the earth, the law of the earth is the law of the sky, and the law of the sky is the law of nature. Bonsai together with the ancient literati to play the gadgets, but the gadgets have a big article. Laozi cloud: not out of the house and know the world. Ancient bonsai together is the way of unity between man and heaven. A pot of scenery, in order to express their feelings. This ounce of pot is the paper, after all the feet of the tree is ink. Ancient painting has the saying of "counting white as black", the tree is the ink and brush, and the empty space in the basin is the white space. How to deal with the relationship between brush and ink and white should of course be called "cloth white". Chinese bonsai in the relationship between trees and pots; tree planting location; with pots with a few size, color, style, texture; paving moss, set stone, decorated with grass, placed ornaments belong to the category of "big chapters". Chinese bonsai in the relationship between the roots of the tree and the pole; pole and branch relationship; branch and branch relationship; branch and leaf relationship; the relationship between the whole tree and the flowers and fruits called "small chapters". Dong Qichang cloud: "the ancients on the book to chapter for a major event, cover the so-called dense between the lines is also. I saw the rice痴 lowercase, for the "West garden elegant collection of records", is a fan, its straight as a string, this must not have other ways, is usually pay attention to the chapter ear. The right army 'lanting preface', chapter for the ancient and modern first, its words are reflected with the birth, or small or large, with the hand as, all into the law, so for the gods also." Chinese calligraphy and painting and Chinese bonsai have the same meaning. Specializing in "small chapters", small chapters understand, big chapters will also understand, these two statements are two and one, one and two things. Where the landscape tree, shall be big branches and big branches between the look forward and echo (multi-trunk tree for big branch solution), twigs in the big branches with the situation and security, the front branch after the branch of the mirror with the left branch of the right branch telescope to let. As such, since the God can complete the gas smooth, subtle and harmonious, resulting in "branches of the essence of life, the gas between the leaves moist" effect, there is the essence of the gas after God born. The whole tree, regardless of the size of the cloth branch how much, must be a gas to coherent. The performance of the relationship between light and heavy, real and virtual, sparse and dense, etc. are appropriate, so that the light in the heavy, heavy in the light, light and heavy balance; virtual in the real, real in the virtual, virtual and real; sparse in the knowledge of the dense, dense show sparse, dense and sparse shape. Such as the ancient generals in formation, the head and tail correspond to each other, odd and positive, in and out of the law, gathering and dispersing the degree of cohesion, the order is forbidden, harmony and unity. And in the harmony of the changes, the shape of poly and not plug, the potential to put and not chaotic. The mare and the peonies are in harmony with each other, and the veins are in harmony with each other. Lao Zi's Tao Te Ching says, "Tao begets one, two begets two, two begets three, and three begets all things." Two is yin and yang. That's why it's said, "One yin and one yang is called Tao." The relationship between yin and yang is one of contrast and unity. The theory of yin and yang is the foundation theory of all traditional Chinese disciplines. It is also unique to China and belongs to the general guiding theory of Chinese bonsai modeling. In such a guiding theory made under the Chinese bonsai no matter the size, length, near and far, are flesh and bone even stop, vibrant, strong, not obsessed with fat, thin, not crippled. Just like heavenly, not fake artificial.
Edit this section of the ten taboos ten preferences
Ten taboos
1. Park healthy straight pole tree branches avoid stereotypes; 2. soft curved pole tree branches avoid greasy; 3. sparse tree style avoid diffuse; bonsai
4. dense tree style avoid clutter; 5. clever tree style avoid slimming; 6. ancient tree style avoid strange; 7. literati thin avoid thin; 8. strong and short and fat avoid bloated; 9. branch type turns avoid exposed corners; 10. Avoid showing corners; 10. branch and branch veins of the end of the avoidance of sharp and sharp.
Ten appropriate
1. more branches and lush tree cloth branch when peaceful; 2. fewer branches and clean tree cloth branch when calm; 3. hard branches and strong tree should be full (just in the soft); bonsai
4. curved branches and soft rod should be strong (soft in the strong); 5. single branch on the tree without dependence on a person quite and a little bit of moistening; 6. there are the same or similar branches should be compact and arranged in a juxtaposed; 7. twists and turns of branches should be flexible; 8. changes of branches should be flexible; 8. changes of branches should not be thin; 9. The branches should be flexible; 8. change not much of the horizontal branches or ridge branches should be thick; 9. love to use the thin branch type to be used in the show; 10. love to use the strong branches to be used in the rustic.
Edit the design effect
Bonsai design effect, is the embryo of the tree will be molded to do a prediction of the appearance of the map. I see foreign bonsai enthusiasts often analyze their stakes rationally, and then hand-drawn or computer synthesis, according to the characteristics of the tree and the tree's momentum to make corresponding adjustments to make several or even more than a dozen effect diagrams, and finally according to the best effect diagrams to make directional cultivation and processing. As a play bonsai art is necessary to master the effect of drawing, the author himself often on their own stumps on hand to draw, a few years down, some gains, to share with you.
Analysis of tree material
For the future processing and production of the tree embryo to watch all sides, choose the best side, is the tree material advantages of the maximum play, the shortcomings of the minimum exposure of the side. Most of the embryo of the mountain has this or that unsatisfactory place, which requires the first embryo implanted in the soil bonsai
Soil before doing some cutting, miscellaneous wood is better, like pine and cypress once cut off the bad will be very regrettable, especially for some rare material, so at this time the brain will be the idea of drawing simple sketches in the case of communication with friends, facing the drawings for the pile, discuss the results, to make the embryo to the most ideal. Cut the raw embryo to the most idealized thing.
Conservation in response to the drawing
After one year of cultivation and survival of the embryo, the buds and branches are in place, and there is a purpose and direction to cultivate the branches and supports needed, in response to the drawing at the same time, the caretaker should understand the design of the effect of the drawing of the branches before and after the design as well as spatial relations, the picture is a two-dimensional space, the art of bonsai is three-dimensional, as far as possible, to make the dark and light treatment in drawing, to open up the spatial relations of the trees, the primary and secondary, through the trees, and to make the trees more spatial relations. The spatial relationship of the trees, primary and secondary, interspersed, before and after the elements, you can draw arrows in the relative position, labeled with the description of the text, either by themselves or by others, pick up the map at a glance.
Fewer detours
The first is a lot of bonsai enthusiasts due to the pile material at that time is difficult to choose to judge, no clear direction in the brain, often leading to a few years after the counter-work to start over, the second is a beginner, see any material to dig or spend money to buy, a few years later, the money spent out of the not to mention that, fall a bunch of waste piles, the time consumed for nothing, although it is said to learn to spend time and money to buy experience, but I personally think that you can reduce the link. Think you can reduce the links in it. The author to improve their understanding of several ways, one of which is to draw the effect of drawing, in a large number of drawings, know the advantages and disadvantages of the pile material itself, the beauty of bonsai and the beauty of the place, the difference between mediocrity and elegance.
Combined with sketches
Design the final exhibition effect. Because the exhibition needs pots and several racks of cooperation, bonsai enthusiasts to improve and use the appropriate pots and several racks have a certain understanding and thinking space, towering, empty, majestic, elegant, bland and so on all kinds of trees own temperament in the pots with several racks of inappropriate cases, will greatly weaken the beauty of the work and artistic infectious force. In addition, in addition to pots and several racks, there should be some accessories, such as hanging shafts of rocks, etc., in the combination of items, reflecting the natural beauty of bonsai and the beauty of the mood. The following is the author's design of a few effect, as a brick to attract jade with.
Edit paragraph stump production
The main material of the stump bonsai is trees, and the key is to choose the tree form suitable for the production intention. First of all, you should know how to identify which are the good tree forms and which are the bad ones. Because all kinds of trees growing in the wilderness, due to the influence of geographic environment factors, their shapes are different, attitude is different, so the head of the stump, roots, trunk, branches to be a comprehensive identification, and the focus is on the head, roots, trunk selection. If the shape of the tree is not good, even if you spend a lot of effort, it is difficult to cultivate into a fine art. Therefore, in the process of making Lingnan bonsai, we must pay attention to identifying the tree shape, brewing the composition, selecting the good trunk, thinning the root system, and carefully cultivating, the purpose of which is to express the unique beauty of the stump, so that the production of the bonsai, vivid, elegant and picturesque, and not vulgar.
Identifying the advantages and disadvantages of tree shape
(1) Excellent tree shape ① the requirements of the trunk. The various forms of trees are out of the natural shape, the trunk should be from the base all the way up to the section closed small, like a bamboo shoot. Avoid the middle of the expansion, the loss of natural proportions. The proportion of the whole tree, the base of the tree Bonsai
, roots and trunk modeling should be properly coordinated. If the trunk is erect and majestic, is the shape of cottonwood, the head of the tree is required to have a plate root or three sides of the exposed root, can not have partial root. The trunk is cliff-shaped, there should be a natural growth in the direction of the partial root. In addition to the single stem cottonwood shape, a variety of other tree-shaped stem, to choose a rounded and swirling curved, near the head of the old rustic tree with many pits and grooves. ② Requirements for tree roots. Pile scenery of the base of the trees should be three or four long roots, bare soil growth, the size of the root to a centimeter or so in diameter is appropriate, too small lack of natural beauty, too large is not easy to grow, the direction of the roots of the tree radiate to the center, into a windmill shape, to the direction of their own natural stretching, do not interlock in each other together. There are such roots with the tree head, trunk, is the best tree blanks. ③ Requirements for the head of the tree. It is best to be connected to the head, each root, that is, each tree has its own root system, but the trees and trees are linked to the same mother, the head of this tree is called a jungle-style tree head, is very rare tree shape. (2) Undesirable Tree Shape ①The trunk is bulging, serpentine and dead curved. For stump modeling, regardless of the choice of curved trunk, straight trunk, slanted trunk, lying trunk, cliff trunk and other tree shapes, the trunk is the main one. The trunk has three taboos: one taboo trunk in the middle of the sudden bulge. The middle of a thick, like a tumor, so that the bonsai
The tree shape has become bloated unnatural, destroying the shape of the entire trunk. The second taboo serpentine trunk. The posture of the trunk, in accordance with the different forms of the trunk of the tree is proportional and natural extension, and snake trunk, is continuous left and right bending, and the corner of the thick, to the left and right extension of the stem is small. Three taboo dead bend. Trunk bending, to follow the trend, the curvature can not be a right angle, such as the tip of the corner and no long branches, commonly known as the dead curve, this trunk is hard and dull, lose the natural beauty, can not be used. ② head long, too big or no head. Tree head is the base of the trunk. Tree head phenomenon, because the head of the tree in the growth process, by the rocks and other extrusion, resulting in underdevelopment, skewed on one side, shaky, very unstable, the head of the tree, can not be used. The general head of the tree is slightly larger than the trunk, but if the head is too large, the trunk is small, disproportionate, forming the proverbial "chicken with taro" form, very unsightly, also can not be used. The vast majority of trees head grow fast, more fat. But some have grown into the upper part of the trunk is thick, thin head, forming a head-heavy, vertical instability, even if the trunk posture is very beautiful, but also can not be made into a timber, so it is not advisable to take. ③ Tree roots are long, back to the root. Tree roots long refers to tree roots concentrated on one side, if long on the right side, the right side of the base of the fat, while the left side of the base of the development of unbalanced, this form of tree head, only suitable for cliff-shaped trunks, in addition to other trees should not be selected. If the normal growth of the tree root system, is regular, orderly elongation, so the roots of the tree, some of them grow into the "human" shape, some of them grow into the "crowd" shape, some of the four sides of the cigarette. But some roots, in the process of growth, due to the impact of objective reasons, resulting in the root system turn back, chaotic warping, bloated, completely inconsistent with the natural form of trees, lose the natural beauty, can not be used. ④Branches are long. Branches gathered on one side of the trunk, long branches on one side of the trunk is bound to be fat, swollen, while the blank side of the trunk more into a narrow, partial body, lack of beauty, this branch can not be used.
Composition
Composition is the beginning of the art of bonsai treatment, but also the key to the whole bonsai stereotypes, due to the actual shape of the material composition. Because the stumps have different nature and form, the vast majority of them are natural growth, processing should be natural, and strive to be simple, can not be forced to transform. If the production of cottonwood type bonsai, often take the cottonwood tree as an imitation of the blueprint. Lingnan region common cottonwood tree, the shape of its tall and robust, majestic, upright, showing a kind of lofty and handsome temperament. If in the production, not according to the characteristics of the tree shape, hard to make cottonwood type bonsai tree billet transformed into a large tree shape, floating oblique shape, coiled shape bonsai, which not only violates the laws of nature, but also to make not a fine product. Therefore, for the production of tree stump bonsai, first of all to distinguish between tree species, identify tree shape, repeated observation, again and again pondering and research, and draw a blueprint on the drawing paper, or in the mind to depict the general outline, the formation of a more complete idea, and then according to the idea of cutting. In this way, the style of the tree is maintained and the unique subtleties are brought out.
Selection of trunk
The size of the trunk, slanting, straight, curved have their own wonderful, mainly with the natural beauty and root development is sound, where the body has a pronged joints, jagged, wrinkled and old peculiar can be selected. The height of the stem thickness, should be in line with the overall proportion of the bonsai, bonsai
Strive for natural harmony. If the trunk is smooth, you can also use a knife to chisel the bark, artificially scarring the trunk to increase the interest of ancient elegance. The trunk should be from the base to the top of the gradual thinning, the most avoid the middle of the expansion, the loss of natural proportions. Such as the Department of curved trunk, curved joints should be from the bottom up, from sparse to dense. In the selection of the trunk, do not ignore the branches in the position of the trunk, such as the trunk with branch claws, and in the middle of the trunk of the upper and lower, before and after the diagonal angle of the opposite branch, can not be cut off all, but to leave an inch or so as well, in order to shorten the cultivation of branch claws time. Later, each branch cascade five to seven layers, cutting from long to short, from sparse to dense, branches in the stem to a triangular position arrangement is good. If all the branches in the stem is too thick, and the proportion of the stem is out of proportion, then cut off with other complicated branches, let the stem re-sprouting, and then positioning. This is not to be ignored in the selection of the stem.
Roots
Roots are the organs that support the tree and absorb soil nutrients. When pruning the roots of the tree, we should first pay attention to retain the original roots, but the thick roots must be cut short, because the stump is alive, a lot of roots are newly grown from the saw cut, if the root is too long, it will affect the shaping of the pot tree on the pot. Therefore, the length of the thick roots must be decided according to the shape of the stump. If the stump is to be installed in a round pot, the thick roots on the four sides should be cut short accordingly; if the stump is to be installed in a rectangular pot, the thick roots extending to the left or right should be left slightly longer. The roots should be exposed to the surface of the mud, showing the prominent and vigorous roots.
Branching
Branching, introduced here is the material tree modeling methods, and the normal management of the pot tree is different from pruning. Branches are an integral part of the bonsai tree, which expresses the main posture of the bonsai tree. Especially from the basin surface counting the trunk located in one-third of the place to grow branches, play a role in the shape of the whole tree, such branches must be carefully cut, do not destroy the natural beauty of the material. In short, the cultivation of the formed bonsai tree, the sparseness of the branches, thickness, length, and the distance between the branches must be proportional. If the branches of the material does not meet this requirement, rather cut off the original branches completely, leaving only the same trunk, so that it re-sprouting, long branches before cutting as needed). *@+gdwh*#)