(1) China shrimp (Penaeus chinensis), also known as the Oriental shrimp, mainly in Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jiangsu and other offshore, the west coast of North Korea also has a distribution. Chinese shrimp individual large, concentrated fishing period, fast growth, adaptability, is China's important fishing and aquaculture objects.
(2) long hairy shrimp (P. penicillatus) Minnan said red shrimp, Taiwan Province, called the red-tailed shrimp, in the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean warm water area is widely distributed. China to Fujian, Guangdong east coast is widely distributed. This species of shrimp to salinity adaptability, fast growth, is a better breeding species.
(3) mergui shrimp (P. merguiensis) Guangdong, Guangxi said prawns, prawns, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) said banana shrimp. Its distribution is similar to the long-haired shrimp. China to Guangxi, western Guangdong and Hainan and other coastal mainly, is one of the important breeding shrimp in southern China.
(4) Japanese shrimp (P. japonicus) is widely distributed from the east coast of Africa to the central Pacific Ocean in the vast sea area, with a larger number of Japan, called the so-called car shrimp, Taiwan, China said the spotted shrimp. In China, it is mainly distributed in the East China Sea and the South China Sea south of Jiangsu Province. It is an important species of culture in southern China, because of fast growth, adaptability, suitable for live shrimp market, starting in the 1990s, has been transferred to northern China.
(5) spotted prawn (P. monodon) commonly known as the corner shrimp, China's Guangdong Province, Taiwan Province, known as grass shrimp, Japan, known as cow shrimp, FAO, known as the tiger shrimp. It is the largest one in the genus Prawn. Large weight up to 500 grams or more. Its body surface has brown and dark green stripes, appendage base outside the distinctive yellow. This species is distributed in China in Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, three provinces and the southern coast of Zhejiang Province, the most coastal Hainan Island. This shrimp is omnivorous, fast-growing and widely distributed, and is one of the world's top three cultured shrimp species.
(6) short ditch shrimp (P. semisulcatus), also known as "rich shrimp", "Feng shrimp", Taiwan Province, said "bear shrimp". The body has a thick and light brown spots, appendages purple, so as to distinguish from the Japanese shrimp. Southern China has been farmed.
(7) wide ditch shrimp (P. latisulcatus), also known as bamboo shrimp, the body is slightly smaller than the Japanese shrimp, the body color is light yellow, no obvious horizontal lines. The shrimp in the South China Sea used to see, but the production is not large, China, Taiwan, the Philippines and other places have been cultivated.
(8) South American white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), also known as Vannamei shrimp, white-footed shrimp, similar in appearance to the Chinese shrimp, white and translucent body color, footsteps show chalky. Native to Peru, Mexico, Ecuador and other places, is the world's highest yield of three excellent shrimp species, has a fast growth rate, low nutritional requirements, good environmental adaptability, disease resistance, etc. In 1988, the Chinese Academy of Sciences from the U.S. introduction of seedlings in recent years has been in the country's coastal and part of the inland areas of large-scale aquaculture, shrimp aquaculture is an excellent alternative species, but also the "Sea shrimp desalination" of high-quality varieties. In addition, South American blue shrimp from the Western Hemisphere was introduced into China, in Guangdong, Fujian, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places to start farming.
In addition, there are a number of species of new shrimp genus. New shrimp genus morphologically different from the shrimp genus of a distinctive feature is the upper edge of the frontal horn with teeth, the lower edge of the toothless.
China can raise species are:
(1) medium-sized new shrimp (Metapenaeus intermedius) which is the new shrimp in the genus of larger individuals, the general length of 10 to 14 cm, weighing 25 to 50 grams, the larger body length of up to 16 centimeters, weighing up to 60 grams. Frontal horns straight, knife-like, caudal node with three pairs of movable spines, caudal limb end edge is bright blue. It has a sand-diving habit and is distributed in the sea area south of the Fujian coast, and artificial seedling breeding has been successful in China.
(2) new knife-fronted shrimp (M. ensis), also known as "basal shrimp", Taiwan Province, said the "sand shrimp", the body length is generally 8 to 10 centimeters, the larger up to 18 centimeters. The carapace is rough, covered with fine hairs, and the frontal angle is nearly straight, like a knife. Body color is light yellowish brown, covered with gray-green or dark reddish brown spots. This shrimp is distributed in China along the coasts of Fujian, Taiwan Province and Guangxi, and there is a certain amount of it in the southern fish_. This kind of shrimp to low salt, high water temperature and low oxygen has a strong ability to tolerate, away from the water can be a longer period of time does not die, suitable for live shrimp on the market, but also suitable for low-salt seawater rearing. In recent years it has been farmed in northern China.
(3) near the edge of the new shrimp (M. affinis) brownish-red body, appendages crimson, for the fish _ in the habitual species, China's successful nursery and has been cultured.
(4) Mo's new shrimp (M. inoyebi) it is a smaller new shrimp, body length is generally 7 to 9 centimeters. Fujian south of the sea area are distributed, is also a common species of fish _. This species of shrimp away from the water can be a long time without dying, in addition to food, can be used as bait, China's seedlings have also been successful, shrimp can be cultured in coastal low-salt water.
(5) Zhou's new shrimp (M. joyneri) frontal angle slightly curved, thinner carapace, slightly yellowish, brown-blue spots all over the body, this shrimp is produced only in China and Japan, China from the south coast of Shandong Peninsula to the coast of Guangdong are distributed, for the port, _ in the common shrimp.
In the farmed species, Chinese shrimp, long hair shrimp and Murray shrimp form similar, body color is the same. Chinese shrimp body color greenish gray, distributed in the northern waters, south of Fujian less distribution. Long-haired shrimp and Mogi shrimp body color yellow and white, distributed in the waters south of Fujian. Chinese shrimp frontal horn base is flat; long hair shrimp frontal horn base is obviously raised; Moji shrimp frontal horn base is raised very high as a triangle. Japanese shrimp and spot prawns have transverse markings on the body surface, the Japanese shrimp frontal horn behind the raised frontal ridge has been extended back to the posterior edge of the cephalothoracic armour, body color brown-yellow, the body surface of the transverse spots brown and blue, the tail limb was yellow and bright blue; spot prawns frontal horn after the ridge is short, the body color of light brown, blue gray, the body surface of the transverse spots for the intensity of brown brown, blue gray, and black and white mottled. Short groove shrimp body shape is similar to the spotted shrimp, but the posterior ridge of the frontal horn obviously has a groove. Medium-sized new shrimp frontal angle is straight, the caudal node has three pairs of movable spines, caudal limb end edge blue. Near the edge of the new shrimp body color brownish red, dark red appendages, the new shrimp blade frontal body color light brown, slightly pink, appendages red, no large spines on the caudal segment. Mo's new shrimp body size is small, generally 7 to 9 cm long. Zhou's new shrimp frontal angle curved, light yellow body color, with brownish blue spots. In addition, the frontal horn tooth style (the number of serrated teeth on the upper and lower edges of the frontal horn) is the main identifying feature of shrimp species.
This article is derived from: Animal Welfare and Meat Production, China Agricultural Publishing House