In 1912, Wilbur Scoville, an American chemist, developed a new spice called chili peppers. Wilbur Scoville, an American chemist working for the pharmaceutical company where he worked, developed a method to measure capsaicin indicators. The test method was named "Scoville Sensory Hotness Test" after him, and the unit of hotness was also translated into Scoville heat unit (SHU).
Types of chili peppers and their spiciness
There are many types of chili peppers, including red chili peppers, which are spicier than green chili peppers, and small chili peppers, which are spicier than green chili peppers, in terms of their size. The following chart, 1 for the dried chili, for the state of red chili after drying, the spiciness is more concentrated, more spicy than the general red chili; 2 for the "small chili (also known as Chao Tian Pepper)", smaller than the size of the red chili, spicier, 3 for the supermarket, the market is more common in the red chili, 4, 5, 6 respectively for the green chili pepper, glutinous rice pepper, goat's horns pepper, the three hotness in order of decreasing, glutinous rice pepper skin has a wrinkled, often used in quick fry, goat's horns pepper is The red pepper is often used to make meat dishes.
In addition to the red chili peppers, the following is a list of world-renowned chili peppers that are often used in spicy dishes, ranging from the beginner's cow horn pepper and green dragon pepper, to the middle-ranking morning glory pepper and jalapeno pepper, to the super-hot cuisine of the ghost pepper, poisonous scorpion pepper, and chocolate pepper, so let's take a look at some of these spicy spokespersons!
Trinidad Moruga:
Place of production: Havana, Cuba
Characteristics: Although the body is round, short, but the appearance of the rose petals, has been the world's first hot sister in 2012!
Spiciness: 1,481,000SHU
Comments: Guaranteed 3 seconds of tears in the mouth.
Hot Pepper
Place of production: Mexico
Characteristics: Also known as chicken heart chili pepper, bright red in appearance and flora and fa, is the most popular hot sister.
Spiciness: 50,000-100,000SHU
Comments: There is a slight burning sensation in the mouth, and it is a good choice for many spicy people.
Green Dragon Chili (Sweet Chili)
Place of production: Central and South America
Characteristics: Also known as glutinous rice pepper, green with wrinkled skin, the appearance is not pleasing to the eye, but people are very good.
Spiciness: 0 to 5,000SHU
Comments: Kids can take it.
CHOCOLATE HABANERO CHILI
Produced in Mexico
Characteristics: Reddish-purple, named for its chocolate-like color, with a choking flavor that is as distinctive as its appearance.
Spiciness: 40,000-500,000SHU
Comments: Choking hot, but this kind of hot comes and goes quickly.
India ghost pepper (Naga Moricni)
Place of production: India
Characteristics: also known as the soul of the pepper, the body of the rounded body but the spiciness of a great, was awarded the world's first hot sister throne in 2007.
Spiciness: 1,598,227SHU
Comments: Eat a small bite of hotness spread all over the body.
Capsicum annuum
Place of production: Central and South America
Characteristics: Tall and thin, seems to be incredibly spicy, but in fact the spiciness is mild, and its popularity remains high.
Spiciness: 15,000-30,000SHU
Comments: Slightly hot in the throat, but for those who like spicy food, it is just a way to add flavor and color to the dish.
Jalapeno M
Place of production: Mexico
Characteristics: Short and thin, but very popular with foreigners, although not as popular as other sisters, but has its own unique flavor.
Spiciness: 6,000-8,000SHU
Comments: raw food is also OK.
PLUS!
General defense pepper spray spiciness of about 100?2 million SHU, police pepper spray to a variety of chili pepper mix, about 200?3.3 million SHU. 2013 King's World Records certified as the hottest chili pepper on the planet, "Carolina Reaper" (Carolina Reapers), chili pepper spiciness is up to 2.2 million SHU, but less common on the market! .
Where does chili pepper spiciness come from
The spiciness of chili peppers comes from the chili pepper seeds, chili pepper meat, in cooking, chili peppers cut in half, chili pepper soaked in water, which can make the spiciness of chili pepper meat in the water to dilute, the spiciness is therefore reduced.
In addition to soaking the chili peppers in water, you can also use a knife to remove the seeds and adjust the spiciness.
Is chili powder hotter?
It is made by grinding dried chili peppers after they have been dried. Because chili powder can be used directly in cooking, it is more convenient, and it is spicier than dried chili peppers or fresh red chili peppers, and the spiciness of different chili powders varies depending on the variety.
Are dried chili peppers hotter?
Raw chili peppers are hard and spicy, you can immediately feel the pleasure of spiciness flowing throughout the body, but this feeling of pleasure comes and goes quickly; and dry chili peppers after baking, sun and other techniques, mainly to preserve the aroma of chili peppers and lock the spiciness, the entrance is a kind of soft and spicy, and will pass through the throat to reach the intestines and stomach, so that there is a more pronounced sense of spiciness.
How to store fresh chili
Fresh chili can be stored at room temperature for about 5?7 days, the preservation method, you can choose to freeze the preservation or dry preservation, before freezing the chili pepper will be washed and dried, and put in a plastic bag, you can extend the preservation period of up to one month, the cooking does not need to be defrosted, as long as the chili pepper will be taken out, it is more convenient to chopping cooking; dry preservation, as long as the chili pepper with needle and thread on a string, hang the chili pepper, and can be used in a ventilated place. dry storage, as long as the needle and thread string chili peppers, hanging in a ventilated place can be.
Chili Pepper Knowledge
How to Reduce the Spice in Your Mouth?
The spicy feeling comes from the capsaicin in chili peppers (also known as capsaicin) caused by the most effective relief of the spicy feeling of dairy products, the reason is that dairy products contain a protein called casein, which combines with the capsaicin that causes the spicy feeling, effectively reducing the burning sensation in the mouth, so like milk, yogurt and so on, have a good effect on the lowering of the spicy effect.
Is eating chili peppers good for you?
Chili peppers are rich in nutrients, such as vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E and calcium, iron and dietary fiber, etc. Among them, the vitamin C content of chili peppers ranked first among all the vegetables, 100 grams of fresh red chili peppers contain 144 mg of vitamin C. There is also a saying that eating spicy can help perspiration, promote the body metabolism it!
Pepper is a four-season crop?
Peppers belong to the Solanaceae family, suitable for planting temperatures of 25 ~ 30 ℃, about 3 months to harvest; therefore, the northern climate is cooler, so more for the spring equinox planting, harvest in the fall, the south of the temperature is high, usually planted in the fall and winter seasons, the spring equinox harvest, so you can taste the chili pepper good taste all year round.