Cancer diet is a diet that meets the patient's condition and nutritional needs. Nutrition can help maintain physical strength, prevent weight loss or excessive weight loss, avoid excessive degradation of the body and rebuild normal tissues. Good nutrition can also enhance resistance, reduce the possible side effects of various treatments, prevent the syndrome caused by malnutrition, and make patients have enough physical strength and feel comfortable. High calorie and high protein are suitable dietary principles for cancer patients before treatment. This recipe makes good use of protein-rich ingredients. Vegetarian protein sources include tofu, edamame kernels, and even milk ... These are optional; However, patients often have poor appetite due to disease factors, so nurses must pay more attention when cooking. If the patient can't accept milk, high-protein milk powder and maltodextrin can be added to three meals. For example, this recipe can be used in thick soup or porridge, and patients can get enough calories and protein by taking a small amount; You can even increase the intake of snacks, such as milk jelly, which not only does not take too much time to prepare, but also facilitates the intake of nutrition by patients. In fact, the most important thing to prepare meals for cancer patients is to meet the needs of patients. Patients are willing to take nutrition and get enough calories, which is the nutritional support before various treatments. (One or two is equal to about 37.5g) Diet conditioning for cancer patients 1. What are the misunderstandings of diet conditioning? On the one hand, the misunderstanding of diet conditioning is to strictly control the amount of food to "starve" cancer cells. According to this view, the ability of cancer cells to absorb nutrients is much stronger than that of normal cells. If patients eat more and have good nutrition, cancer cells will be cured first, so they will not actively strengthen nutrition. This is not right. It is the rapid proliferation of cancer cells that rapidly consumes human nutrition, leading to insufficient nutrition, decreased anti-cancer ability and further development and spread of cancer cells. On the other hand, I think cancer is a "wealth disease", so I need to eat a lot. Although cancer patients need nutrition, cancer is eroding the human body, seriously destroying the functions of various organs of the human body, causing patients to lose their taste, appetite and poor digestive function, leading to loss of appetite, loss of appetite and obstacles in nutrient absorption. At this time, if the patient is blindly fed with indigestible nourishing food such as soft-shelled turtle, soft-shelled turtle and sea cucumber, it will not only be digested and absorbed, but also aggravate the obstacle of gastrointestinal digestion and absorption function and further aggravate anorexia. Haste makes waste, but it's harmful. On the other hand, it is heavy food and light drink. Patients and their families often pay attention to what to eat and how to eat, while ignoring the conditioning of drinking water. In fact, cancer destroys the balance of water and electrolyte in human body as seriously, and the balance of water is very important for human survival. Therefore, in the process of prevention and rehabilitation, attention should be paid to the correct conditioning of patients' drinking water. 2. The basic requirements for how to reasonably adjust diet are: sufficient total calories, balanced nutrition, reasonable food structure, and exquisite cooking and eating methods. (1) total calories The total calories that cancer patients consume from food every day are generally not lower than the minimum requirements of normal people, that is, more than 10 kilojoules per day. Because of the high protein decomposition of cancer patients, the anabolic function is reduced, and the nutrition is in a state of negative nitrogen balance, the demand for protein will increase. Generally, the daily intake of protein should reach more than 1.5g, and high-quality protein should be given priority to, such as eggs, milk, meat and bean products. (2) Nutrition should be relatively balanced. According to the needs of patients, all nutrients should be appropriate and complete. In addition to adequate and high-quality intake of protein, low-fat and moderate carbohydrate are the main foods. Pay attention to supplement vitamins, inorganic salts and cellulose, which can be obtained from fresh vegetables and fruits. (3) The diet structure should be reasonable. The diet of cancer patients must not be simple and simple. There should be more varieties, new patterns and reasonable structure. When making recipes, we should try our best to combine lightness with high nutrition and high quality, softness with digestibility with rich vitamins, freshness with cold, hot, warm and light foods, and total supply with patients' cold and hot viscera deficiency. It is best to do it under the guidance of a doctor. (4) Pay attention to cooking methods and diet methods, and try to increase patients' appetite. In the selection, production and cooking of food, we should create good sensory characteristics of food, and work hard on color, fragrance, taste and shape to suit and satisfy the tastes and habits of patients as much as possible. According to the patient's digestive ability, take a small number of meals, thick and thin collocation, liquid, soft food and hard food alternately, sweet and salty exchange and other forms of eating. Create a pleasant atmosphere when eating, and try to eat with relatives. Try to avoid bad stimulation such as oil smoke and smell before eating. During the intermission of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, we should seize the favorable opportunity to improve appetite and supplement nutrition. 3. Should cancer patients avoid eating? There are many opinions among the people about whether to avoid eating. Some advocate taboos; Some people think that you can eat anything without taboo. Some people think that you can't eat chicken, crab, cattle, meat, carp, etc. Whether taboo, Chinese medicine advocates proper taboo, western medicine generally does not advocate taboo. Western medicine attaches importance to the relationship between diet and diseases and does not always oppose taboos. For example, foods contaminated with aflatoxin cannot be eaten; Burned food can easily denature protein, and pyrolysis and thermal polymerization can easily produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are harmful to human body and are not recommended. Smoked fish and bacon are also not recommended. Alcohol will reduce the detoxification function and biotransformation function of human body and reduce immunity. Alcohol increases the activity of carcinogens in the body and is cytotoxic. Drinking alcohol is not recommended. Some foods can't be eaten during taking medicine, such as vitamin C, which is not suitable for eating shrimp, because vitamin C can reduce pentavalent arsenic in shrimp meat into arsenic trioxide, which is very toxic to human body. Traditional Chinese medicine is not blindly and indiscriminately taboo, but dialectically appropriate taboo. It is generally believed that in the early and middle stages of cancer, body fluids are injured and yin is robbed, mostly due to yin deficiency and internal heat. Therefore, in diet conditioning, we should avoid spicy, warm and hot foods, and advocate eating less greasy foods; In the middle and late stages of cancer, most of them are deficiency syndrome and cold syndrome. In diet, we advocate warming the spleen and stomach, benefiting qi and generating blood, and eating less or not eating cold food. Taboos are different in different diseases. For example, patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma should avoid spicy, warm and hot food, fried barbecue food, dog meat, mutton, pepper, fennel and so on during radiotherapy. Patients with gastric cancer should not eat spicy food, such as cinnamon, mustard and pepper. Patients with esophageal cancer eat old pork and old ducks; Patients with liver cancer should avoid maternal pork and eat less leeks. In short, taboos should be appropriate, and blind taboos will lead to malnutrition and affect the recovery of the disease. Eggs, chicken, milk, carp, etc. You can eat it. Shrimp and crab should be careful because of allergies. 1) We should give priority to fresh and digestible foods rich in high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, and every meal must have fresh vegetables and fruits. 2) Eat more anti-cancer foods, such as cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, asparagus, beans, mushrooms, sea cucumbers, sharks, etc. 3) Choose soft and hard food: jellyfish, laver, mussel, sea cucumber, abalone, cuttlefish, kelp, turtle, red bean, radish, shepherd's purse, water chestnut, fragrant shavings, etc. However, this kind of food is sticky and easy to hurt the spleen and stomach. Eat less when you have a poor diet and a fever. 4) Different physiques choose different foods. If the spleen and stomach are weak, you can eat squab, quail, eggs, jujube, round meat, ginger, garlic, fresh mushrooms and so on. Liver and kidney yin deficiency can be used in black-bone chicken, pig kidney, black beans, black sesame seeds, walnuts, abalone meat and so on. Blood deficiency can eat pig liver, pig bone, goose blood, spinach, bean products and so on. 5) Choose different foods for different diseases. Patients with lung cancer can choose duck, pig lung, lily and tremella. As appropriate; When the body is weak and the tongue is red, black fungus, eel, mussel and honey can be used; People with excessive phlegm and cough can use potherb mustard, bamboo shoots, bighead carp, radish, loquat, etc. Pears and persimmons can be used to eliminate phlegm due to jaundice. Patients with gastric cancer can eat coix seed, lotus seed, cowpea, jujube, herring and so on. When spleen and stomach are deficient in damp heat; Mutton, longan and dried ginger can be used when the spleen and stomach are deficient in cold; When the upper abdomen is full and indigestion occurs, you can eat chicken gizzards, ginger, loquat and bergamot. Patients with liver cancer can eat snails, carp soup and alfalfa when they are jaundice; When ascites occurs, you can eat melon, lettuce, red beans, carp, watermelon and so on. Esophageal cancer can choose milk, leek juice, water spinach, goose blood and so on. How to regulate drinking water is an important part of human body. The whole body water content of newborns accounts for 75% of body weight, and that of adults accounts for 60%. Water is an important material basis for regulating various physiological activities of human body. Water is needed for the digestion, absorption and metabolism of various nutrients. The daily intake and output of ordinary adults are maintained at about 2600ml. If the body loses more than 2% of its water, it will be taken orally; Water loss 10% will lead to metabolic disorder and imbalance of water and salt in the body; 20% water loss can kill you. Cancer patients often have serious water and electrolyte disorders, and should drink no less than 1500ml of water every day. When you have a fever, diarrhea or sweating, you should appropriately increase and supplement salt; People with cardiac and renal insufficiency, ascites and edema should control the intake of water and salt. 6. How to adjust the postoperative diet? After operation, the principle should be to close the mouth and promote granulation, replenish qi and blood, and stimulate appetite. Food can be eggs, milk, fresh lean meat, fresh fruits and vegetables (such as carrots, tomatoes, spinach, onions, etc. ), and you can drink Beiqi lean broth, American ginseng lean broth, angelica ginger mutton soup and so on. After head surgery, it is advisable to invigorate the kidney, strengthen the brain, soothe the nerves and strengthen the heart. The food can be milk, eggs, tomatoes, asparagus, carrots, mulberries, etc. And you can drink longan black chicken soup, medlar pig brain soup, fish head tofu soup and so on. After neck surgery, it is advisable to choose foods with the functions of softening and resolving hard mass, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, such as sea cucumber, jellyfish, kelp, turtle and abalone. After chest surgery, it is advisable to choose foods that broaden the chest and benefit the diaphragm and qi and blood, such as pig lung houttuynia soup, ginseng lean broth, asparagus shredded chicken porridge, tremella lotus seed soup, etc. After abdominal surgery, you can choose foods that regulate the spleen and stomach, soften the liver and nourish blood, such as ginger, jujube, bergamot, pig liver, mushrooms, garlic and so on. 7. How to adjust the diet during chemotherapy? Diet conditioning during chemotherapy is mainly to help stimulate appetite, reduce vomiting, help restore hematopoietic function and improve liver and kidney function. Stimulate appetite and reduce vomiting: people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold can eat ginger, jujube, mustard, pepper, coriander, water bamboo, onion, cabbage, squab and mutton. People with spleen deficiency and fever can choose to eat white gourd, white melon, white lentils, red beans, mung beans, medlar, celery, amaranth and lotus seeds. To restore hematopoietic function, you can eat milk, eggs, pork liver, silky fowl, placenta, red dates, auricularia auricula, walnuts, black sesame seeds, sea cucumbers, Nostoc flagelliforme and sharks. To improve the function of liver and kidney, you can choose foods that clear and soften the liver, such as medlar, milk, carrot, lotus seed, coix seed, yam, hawthorn, bitter gourd, wax gourd, banana, watermelon and pomegranate. 8. How to adjust the diet during radiotherapy? Because radiotherapy may cause damage to some tissues and organs, such as radiation inflammation of the mouth, esophagus and lungs, dry mouth, loss of appetite, dry stool and other symptoms, it is advisable to nourish yin and promote fluid production, replenish qi and nourish yin, supplemented by related foods that clear away heat and toxic materials, and mainly rely on a light, digestible and nutritious semi-liquid diet. Such as wax gourd, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, lotus root, bitter gourd, fresh meat, etc., should not be fried, grilled or fried, with little or no spicy seasoning. 9. How do cancer patients choose sea cucumber? The effects of sea cucumber and ginseng have been recognized, which have great effects of invigorating vitality and prolonging life. Sea cucumber can improve immune function and inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Taking it during radiotherapy and chemotherapy can reduce side effects. Anti-cancer and anti-cancer dietotherapy prescription Huai Qi and American ginseng stew sea cucumber prescription and usage: sea cucumber 96g, American ginseng 10g (separately packed, stew only 15min), pig spine 250g, yam 65g, salt and peanut oil. First, cut the sea cucumber into small pieces, put it together with the chopped pork spine into a large stew pot, add appropriate amount of yam and water, and simmer for 1 hour after the water boils, then add American ginseng slices, Lycium barbarum, crude oil and salt, and stew for 15 minutes. Eat soup and sea cucumber in stages. Efficacy: anti-cancer, invigorating qi and benefiting blood. Evaluation: Sea cucumber is warm and rich in protein, calcium and iron. Its mucopolysaccharide can effectively improve the immune function of the body, inhibit the growth of tumor cells and prevent their metastasis, and its holothurin also has anti-cancer effect. American ginseng is slightly bitter and sweet, cool in nature, and has the effects of invigorating qi, nourishing yin, clearing fire and promoting fluid production, and is especially suitable for people with fatigue, thirst, dry tongue and dizziness after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Hu Aishan is sweet and flat, benefiting qi and nourishing yin, and tonifying spleen and kidney; Lycium barbarum is sweet and flat, nourishing blood and essence, improving eyesight and protecting liver, which can reduce the damage of chemotherapy drugs to liver; Supplemented with marrow-supplementing pig spine, it has the effects of preventing cancer, invigorating qi and benefiting blood. Red beans 1 60g of raw coix seed120g of rock sugar160g of fresh milk, 240ml of watercress, and the appropriate amount of method:1. Wash Coicis Semen and red beans, soak them in clear water for about half a day, and drain them for later use. When the coix seed is boiled in water until it is half soft, add red beans to cook it, then add sugar, and turn off the heat after melting. 2. Boil the watercress in water until it is transparent, then pour in the cooked red beans and coix seed, stir well, let it stand and cool, and then put it in the refrigerator for refrigeration. Tofu 320g yam 250g mushroom 4 carrots 40g mung bean 85g appropriate amount of white powder and salt Practice: 1. Wash and peel the yam, wash, peel and cut the carrot, and wash the fresh mushrooms and tofu for later use. 2. Tofu and yam are boiled until soft, and then pressed into mud; Boil carrot pieces until soft, and cut them into diced carrots. 3. Sprinkle appropriate amount of salt on the bean curd skin and yam paste respectively. 4. Wrap the bean curd with yam sauce and carrot powder, then add 1 shiitake mushrooms and steam in a steamer. 5. Finally, sprinkle with mung bean paste, thicken with white powder, and serve.