Why does high blood pressure occur? Hypertension is divided into essential hypertension and secondary hypertension. Most patients have essential hypertension, which is related to factors such as genetics, environment, age, living habits, and drugs. Secondary hypertension is secondary to a certain disease. When the disease is cured, the high blood pressure will often be cured.

There are also secondary diseases that can cause disorders of blood pressure and blood lipids, such as endocrine diseases, kidney diseases, hepatobiliary diseases, etc., which can cause metabolic disorders.

The harm of high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia is quite serious. We often hear that stroke, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and other diseases are inseparable from the two. Hyperlipidemia will accelerate atherosclerosis. , causing blood vessel blockage and thrombosis, so it is important to prevent these diseases.

Our heart beats every day to pump blood throughout the body. But instead of relying on the heart to pump blood to the fingers, the heart pumps the blood out and enters the aorta. After the aorta receives the blood, it will continue to contract and transmit the blood to the arteries, capillaries, and to all parts of the body. . If it is not delivered, your hands and feet will feel cold, which means you may have a tendency to have high blood pressure.

To see if a person has signs of heart disease, touch his hands. If his hands and feet are cold, you will know that there is a problem with his blood delivery. If your hands and feet are overheated, red, or swollen, it may also be a heart problem. Cold hands and feet mean that the heart beats weakly. Hands and feet that are too red and hot mean that the heart beats too fast, too fiercely, and too tired, which are all very dangerous. Blood pressure control mechanism

A variety of factors can cause blood pressure to rise. The heart's pumping ability is strengthened (such as increased cardiac contractility, etc.), resulting in increased blood pumping per second. Another factor is that the large arteries lose their normal elasticity and become stiff. When the heart pumps blood, it cannot expand effectively. Therefore, the blood pumped by each heartbeat passes through a smaller space than normal, causing the pressure to increase. This is why high blood pressure occurs more often in older people when atherosclerosis causes artery walls to thicken and become stiff. Due to the stimulation of nerves and hormones in the blood, small arteries throughout the body can temporarily contract, which can also cause an increase in blood pressure. A third factor that may contribute to increased blood pressure is increased fluid volume in the circulation. This is common in kidney disease. The kidneys cannot fully excrete sodium and water from the body, and the blood volume in the body increases, leading to increased blood pressure.

In contrast, it can occur if the heart's ability to pump blood is limited, blood vessels dilate, or there is excessive fluid loss. These factors are primarily regulated through changes in kidney function and the autonomic nervous system (the part of the nervous system that automatically regulates many of the body's functions). What are the causes of high blood pressure?

Hypertension is a long-term, chronic disease. There are many causes of high blood pressure, including psychological, physiological, and social factors.

1. Overweight and obesity: Increased body mass index is the most dangerous factor for hypertension. Obese people have a lot of fat, which not only causes arteriosclerosis, but also increases blood flow due to the increase in capillaries in adipose tissue, resulting in high blood pressure. Relevant data show that the prevalence of hypertension in overweight and obese people is 2 to 3 times higher than that in people of normal weight.

2. Diet: Eating too much salt can lead to high blood pressure. In addition, low potassium and calcium intake and insufficient intake of high-quality protein are also considered to be factors that can increase blood pressure.

3. Gender and age: Age is also closely related to hypertension. For the general population, for every 10 years of age increase, the relative risk of hypertension increases by 29.3% to 42.5%. Before menopause, the proportion of women suffering from high blood pressure is slightly lower than that of men. However, after menopause, there is no significant difference in the probability of high blood pressure from men. Patients with high blood pressure are even higher than men.

4. Personality: Personality is also closely related to high blood pressure. Changes in personality and emotions will cause many subtle changes in the human body. For example, some hormones that promote vasoconstriction are strongly secreted when angry or impatient. The constriction of blood vessels will cause an increase in blood pressure. If this happens for a long time, it will lead to high blood pressure.

5. Mental stress: Long-term mental stress, anger, worry, and malignant environmental stimulation (such as noise) can all lead to the occurrence of high blood pressure.

6. Excessive work pressure: With the continuous progress of social civilization, competition has become more and more fierce, people's life pace is getting faster and faster, and the pressure in all aspects is also increasing. Subsequently, The human body will undergo a series of changes. Among them, the secretion of catecholamines in the body will increase, which will cause the contraction of blood vessels, increase the load on the heart, and cause high blood pressure.

7. Drinking: There is a dose-response relationship between excessive drinking and blood pressure. As the amount of drinking increases, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure also gradually increase. In the long run, the incidence of hypertension will increase. big. Excessive drinking can also lead to the risk of stroke. my country's guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension recommend that men should drink no more than 30mg (about 1 tael of liquor) per day, and women should drink no more than 20mg.

8. Smoking: Smoking an ordinary cigarette can increase systolic blood pressure by 1.3~3.3kPa (10~30mmHg). If you smoke a lot for a long time, that is, 30~40 cigarettes a day. Cigarettes can cause continuous contraction of arterioles. Over time, the smooth muscle of the arteriolar wall will degenerate, and the intima of the blood vessel will gradually thicken, forming arteriolar sclerosis.

9. Genetic factors: Hypertension has obvious familial aggregation. If both parents have hypertension, the probability of the disease in their children is as high as 46%. About 60% of hypertensive patients can be asked to have a family history of hypertension. . Hypertension may be inherited in two ways: dominant gene inheritance and polygene-associated inheritance. In terms of genetic phenotype, not only the incidence of elevated blood pressure is hereditary, but also the blood pressure height, occurrence of complications, and other related factors, such as obesity, are hereditary. Primary prevention of hypertension:

Primary prevention is to eliminate the causes or susceptibility factors of hypertension, and to prevent individuals or groups who already have risk factors for hypertension but have not yet developed hypertension. There are two complementary strategies for the primary prevention of hypertension: one is to target high-risk (i.e. susceptible to disease) groups, identify people who may develop hypertension in the future, and prevent it at a very early stage before blood pressure rises; The other aspect is prevention for the entire population. The specific measures are:

1. Reduce weight. Obese people have insulin resistance, and insulin resistance is related to the occurrence of hypertension.

2. Low-salt (sodium chloride) diet. The sodium chloride should be less than 6 grams per day. For every 1 gram of sodium added, the systolic blood pressure will increase by 2mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure will increase by 1.7mmHg.

3. Potassium supplement: 4 grams of potassium should be supplemented every day. You should eat 400-500 grams of vegetables and 100-200 grams of fruits every day. In this way, sufficient potassium can be obtained, thereby reducing systolic blood pressure by 4.4mmHg and diastolic blood pressure. Reduce 2.4mmHg.

4. Calcium supplementation can lower blood pressure by 3-6mmHg. Adults should consume 800 mg of calcium every day. Every 250 mg of milk can supplement about 250-300 mg of calcium. 400 grams of fresh vegetables can also supplement it. Calcium 400 mg.

5. Magnesium supplementation Magnesium supplementation can lower blood pressure. Magnesium is mainly derived from vegetables, beans, dried fruits, and whole grains.

6. Stop smoking and limit drinking. Drinking a lot of alcohol will definitely increase blood pressure. People with drinking habits should limit their drinking of white wine and drink a small amount of red wine or beer instead.

7. Appropriate exercise. Regular exercise can reduce high pressure by 5-15mmHg and low pressure by 5-10mmHg.

8. Low-fat diet supplements high-quality protein and vitamins.

9. Psychological balance: Maintain a good and happy mood, eliminate boredom and improve mood. Secondary prevention measures are:

1. For people over 35 years old who seek medical treatment (people who do not know their blood pressure level), the first-visiting doctor must measure their blood pressure and record it to facilitate the early detection of hypertensive patients.

2. Have a physical examination and blood pressure measurement once a year for people over 35 years old.

3. Establish a hypertension clinic, implement a file system, and provide prevention and follow-up services. Hypertensive patients detected early should have their blood pressure measured twice a week. After treatment becomes stable, their blood pressure should be measured once a week. They should insist on measuring their blood pressure at least once a month. Tertiary prevention of hypertension:

Tertiary prevention is mainly to prevent complications in hypertensive patients who have complicated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. These complications are mostly caused by systemic arteriosclerosis, such as coronary atherosclerosis, cerebral arteriosclerosis, renal arteriosclerosis and fundus arteriosclerosis, which cause heart, brain, kidney and other complications. Rescue patients with severe hypertension , and at the same time carry out rehabilitation treatment to improve the quality of life.