A young man gave another young man an interesting intelligence test: "Yesterday, my father was caught in a rain. At that time, he didn't wear a hat or an umbrella. He has nothing on his head. As a result, his clothes were all wet, but not a hair on his head. " Why is this happening? "

This question is too simple to be answered by routine. Because there is hair on my head, how can I not get wet? So we must break the routine: imagine that this person has no hair and is bald, so that we can answer. In fact, this person is really bald. This is against the rules.

Second, the root-seeking method

One night, a girl was walking in the street. Suddenly, three gangsters jumped out from the side in an attempt to commit violence. At this time, the girl took out a pistol from her handbag, pointed it at the gangsters and told them to leave quickly. The gangster thought that the girl took out a toy pistol and was not afraid at all, so he pounced on it. Then, the gun rang, and two gangsters fell to the ground and were killed. Another gangster tried to escape and was caught by pedestrians. At this time, the police of the police station also came. On the one hand, everyone accused the gangster of doing evil, on the other hand, they blamed the girl for not killing people. Just then, two gangsters suddenly came alive and got up from the ground. May I ask, what's going on?

The key to answering this question lies in the gun. This gun is definitely not a real gun, because a real gun can kill people and the dead can't be resurrected. This gun is not a toy pistol either, because toy pistols can't kill people. What kind of gun is this? This will be traced back to the source, until we find that this is a gun that can both stun and save people. What kind of gun is this? It turned out to be an anesthetic gun, and the girl was an animal trainer in the zoo. This is the root-seeking method.

Third, homophonic spelling

There are two couples, both music teachers. Once, in order to buy something, the wife went to her husband's office and wrote four words on the table: "5632". Colleagues didn't know what it meant when they read it, but as soon as my husband looked back, he immediately understood and bought what he needed. What does "5632" mean?

It turns out that "5632" means "go and get the rice". "5632" is four notes.

This is homophonic spelling.

Fourth, the digital elimination method

There is a bridge across the river from east to west, and people will arrive in five minutes. There is a pavilion in the middle of the bridge. There is a night watchman in the pavilion. He comes out every three minutes. When you see someone passing by, tell him to go back and not go there. A clever man thought of a clever way and finally crossed the bridge. Excuse me: How did the wise man think of crossing the bridge?

The wise man thought of the way: cross the bridge from east to west, walk for two and a half minutes and then turn around and walk east. When the guard came out and saw him, he ordered him to go back so that he could turn around and cross the bridge.

Subtract two and a half minutes from three minutes, and you can pass. This is number division.

Five, reasoning analysis method

One day at noon, Shao Kangjie (a famous philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty) and his 12-year-old son Shao Bowen were enjoying the cool in the yard. Suddenly, a head stuck out from the courtyard wall, looked around the courtyard and shrank back. Shao Kangjie asked his son, "What do you think this man is looking at?" "Probably a thief," Bowen said. "I tried to steal it, but I saw someone and left." "No," said Shao Kangjie, "he is looking for a cow, not a thief." The son didn't believe it, so he ran out and asked the man if he was looking for a cow. "Yes!" The man looking for the cow said, "Little brother, how did you know I was looking for the cow?" How did his father know that this man was looking for a cow?

Shao Kangjie's answer is this: If the person sticking out his head is a thief, he will shrink back immediately when he sees someone in the yard. When he saw someone in the yard, he still looked around, which meant that he was looking for something. He was looking for something that could move. He only took a look, but didn't look carefully, which means it's a big deal. He looks like a farmer, so he must be looking for cows.

Shao Kangjie's answer, in fact, is a series of reasoning, which is the reasoning analysis method.

Six, hypothesis exclusion method

One day, three friends Xiao Bai, Xiao Lan and Huang Xiao met on the road. One of them said with a yellow schoolbag on his back, "What a coincidence! One of our schoolbags is yellow, the other is blue and the other is white, but none of our schoolbags is the same color as his surname. " Xiao Lan thought for a while and agreed: "Yes! This is really the case! " What color are the schoolbags of these three good friends?

According to the meaning of the question, no one's schoolbag is the same color as his surname. You can assume these situations:

Small white back blue schoolbag or yellow schoolbag,

Small blue back white schoolbag or yellow schoolbag,

Xiao Huang is carrying a white bag or a blue bag.

Xiaolan is known not to carry a yellow schoolbag, so it must be a white schoolbag. The rest of the blue schoolbag must be Xiao Huang's back, while the one carrying the yellow schoolbag is Xiaobai.

Assuming two situations, if one situation is excluded, it must be another situation, which is the hypothetical exclusion method.

Seven, find out the contradictory methods.

One day, a young man wanted to work in the laboratory of the great inventor Edison. Edison received him. The young man said confidently, "I want to invent a universal solution that can dissolve everything."

"Really?" Edison smiled and asked the young man a question. Edison asked, "what kind of container do you want to put this universal solution in?" Can't you solve everything? " The young man was speechless when asked.

I wonder why he was asked to be speechless.

The reason why I asked this young man is that his idea itself contains an insoluble contradiction: on the one hand, it is necessary to admit that the universal solution can dissolve everything, on the other hand, there must be a container, that is, at least one container cannot be dissolved by the universal solution, thus contradicting itself.

Grasp the contradiction in the question and give the answer. This is the way to find out the contradiction.

Eight, careful observation method

A public security bureau recruits investigators from police officers, and candidates follow the examiner into the office. At this time, the examiner rummaged in the drawer for a while and suddenly stood up and said, "Your list is sandwiched in a book, between pages 267 and 268. Go to the outer table and get it. " The candidates rushed out, only one person stood there motionless. The examiner asked him why he didn't move, and he gave the answer. The examiner immediately gave the wise man five points. Why did the examiner give this man five points?

It turns out that 267 and 268 are on the same page, two sides of the same page, and we can't put the question in the middle.

How does this man know that he can't put anything between pages 267 and 268?

This is the result of his usual careful observation. A way of thinking like this is called careful observation.

Nine, according to the wrong method

/kloc-In the 3rd century, the prince of North Wales, Levellon, had a loyal and fierce dog, Gellert. One day, the prince went hunting and left the dog at home to look after the baby. When the prince came back, he saw the bloody blanket, but didn't see the baby. The dog licked the blood in its mouth and looked at him happily. The prince was furious and pulled out a knife and stabbed the dog in the abdomen. The dog screamed and woke up the baby sleeping under the bloody blanket. At this moment, the prince found a dead wolf lying in the corner. It turns out that Gellert killed the wolf to protect his young master. The prince was very sad, so he buried the dog in his mansion.

Do you know how the prince killed the dog by mistake?

The prince's thinking process is like this:

The beast that hurts the baby has blood on its mouth.

Gellert had blood on his lips,

Gellert hurt the child.

However, there will be blood on the mouth that hurts the baby, and there may be blood on the mouth that doesn't hurt the baby. The prince thinks that anything with blood on his mouth will hurt the baby, so he must be mistaken: he killed the volunteer dog by mistake.

What happened to the prince? Errors are based on errors, so they are called error method.

X. Conceptual ambiguity method

Two generations of love to be hairdressers, landlords to shave their heads, always have no money. Two generations of love are very angry and want to pick on him. One day, the landlord came to have a haircut again, and the two generations shaved their heads first. When shaving him, he asked, "Do you want eyebrows?" "Of course, I have to ask." The landlord said. Afandi swished a few knives, shaved off two eyebrows of the landlord, sent them to him and said loudly, "I'll give them to you!" " "The landlord was speechless with anger. Who let himself say "yes"? "Do you want a beard? "Two generations of love asked again don't don't! "The landlord said quickly." Well, I won't shave it off for you! "That whoosh again, shave off the beard and throw it on the ground. When the landlord looked in the mirror, his head and face were shaved off, like a naked egg, and he was so angry that he cursed. Two generations of love explained, "I asked you first, and then I shaved my beard according to your instructions!" " "

Why does Afan subdue the landlord? Use the ambiguity of the word "want" to fool the landlord. The word "want" in "Do you want eyebrows" has two meanings: one is to take and the other is to stay. The landlord said "Yao" meant to keep it, but deliberately interpreted "Yao" as the main eyebrow, so he shaved off his eyebrows and gave them to the landlord. The following "Do you want a beard?" The two generations treated the landlord like this, but the landlord was helpless to the two generations.

Two generations of love used the concept fuzzy method.

XI。 Legitimacy of induction

Siteno's wit with Ming is very famous in Chunri. One day, he said to some ministers, "I can read your hearts, and I can tell what you are thinking." If you don't believe me, we can bet! "

Ministers discussed it and guessed that Sitano was willing to bet. If Sitno is right, everyone can give him twelve taels of silver at a time. However, the bet must be made in front of the emperor. Sile guessed at once and agreed.

After the first generation, I began to gamble in front of the emperor. Sitnochai said to the ministers, "I know exactly what you adults are thinking." I can tell you what you think. If you adults think I'm wrong, and your ideas are contrary to what I said, please bring them up at once. If you think what I said is right and your thoughts are exactly the same as what I said, please give me the money at once. "

After a pause, Siteno guessed that he was in no hurry to say something. Hearing this, all the officials disagreed, acknowledged the loss and gave money.

Sitnochai said to the ministers, "I know what all the adults here are thinking like the back of my hand, that is, your thoughts are very firm, you should be loyal to the emperor all your life, and you will never plot betrayal and rebellion."

Who dares to disagree with civil and military officials? Anyone who says no will declare his disloyalty to the emperor.

Sitnoguess is to synthesize different ideas into one idea, which is called inductive synthesis.

Twelve, careless way of thinking

In the bar, Party A and Party B stood in front of the counter and made a bet. A said to B, "I bet you one hundred marks that I can bite my left eye." B reached out and agreed to bet with him. So, A took out the glass eye of his left eye and gave B a bite in his mouth. B had to admit defeat.

"Don't be discouraged." A bettor said, "Now I'll give you a chance to win your money back." How about we bet another hundred marks? I can also bite my right eye with my teeth. "

"He can never have two glass balls." Otsuichi thought, put the money on the counter.

However, as a result, B lost again. What is the reason?

A took his false teeth out of his mouth and bit his right eye. B lost because he didn't think carefully. This is called careless thinking.

Thirteen, random strain method

One day, an old man offset a load of watermelons and sold them in the street. Tired of walking, he rested in a dangerous room by the road. A mute saw the old man go in and followed him. He went in and told the old man that the house was dangerous and he had to leave quickly, but the mute could not speak. He made many gestures, and the old man didn't know what dumb meant. At this time, a strong wind suddenly blew, and the house was in danger of collapse immediately. We must ask the old man to go out at once. The mute is very anxious. Suddenly, he thought of a way to let the old man take the initiative to follow him out. When the dangerous house collapsed, the old man just walked out of the house. What a close call! What method does the mute use? The mute picked up a watermelon and ran outside the house. Of course, the old man spared him and chased him out at once.

The method used by the dumb is improvisation.

Fourteen, permutation and combination method

Once upon a time there was a county magistrate who sentenced a prisoner. At first, the verdict was: extenuating circumstances and unforgivable reasons. Later, the county magistrate took bribes and turned the verdict upside down, which became: no excuse, extenuating circumstances. In this way, the meaning is different, and the prisoner gets a lighter sentence.

There is also a real example:

1949 When New China was founded, Yunnan was still a Kuomintang-ruled area. A group of patriotic Democrats were detained in Kunming prison. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the leader to be sent to Chongqing for trial. The telegram said that they were "excusable, but not guilty". ) "At that time, the acting president of Kunming, Li Zongren and others deliberately reversed the message as" innocent and excusable "and released it according to this reversed message.

In both cases, the sentences are just rearranged, which produces unexpected effects. This is called permutation and combination.

Fifteen, the overall thinking method

Balzac statue is the masterpiece of French sculptor Rodin. Although the statue is well carved, it has no hands. It turned out that the statue completed by Rodin, with Balzac's hands folded on his chest, was natural and vivid, which made Rodin very satisfied. He woke up a student overnight to enjoy it. The student looked at it and admired the hands very much. Rodin called two of his students, and they were also amazed at the hand of the statue.