First, the source of pile materials
1. Feeding
Buxus macrophylla mainly adopts cutting propagation, twigs or hard branches are used in rainy season, and semi-wood branches are used in early autumn. You can also sow and propagate, harvest ripe fruits in autumn, dry them in the sun, store them in sand, and sow them after the temperature rises in the next spring.
① Selection and preparation of seedbed
Euonymus fortunei nursery should choose a slightly acidic plot with abundant sunshine, flat terrain, loose and fertile soil, rich humus and good drainage and air permeability, deeply turn the soil, and apply 4000-5000 kg of decomposed compost, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 25 kg of calcium superphosphate and urea 10- 15 kg as base fertilizer per mu, and carefully turn the harrow.
Before cutting or sowing, water the edges, thoroughly wet them, and then cut or sow.
② cutting method
Populus euphratica should choose the robust branches of the previous year for cutting seedling before germination in spring, or cut off the new branches and thick semi-lignified branches of the current year for cutting seedling in summer and autumn.
When cutting, in the morning, healthy and robust branches with full bud eyes and no plant diseases and insect pests are cut into 6-8 cm segments, each segment has 3-5 bud (leaf) nodes, and a leaf is left at the top, which is put into a water basin while cutting to avoid water loss during cutting; Aft cutting, soak that lower end of the cuttings in rooting pow aqueous solution for 2-3 hours, and then cutting; The cutting depth is two-thirds of the cutting length, that is, the cutting depth is 2 ~ 3 buds (leaves), and the cutting density depends on the modeling needs. The author generally uses 15 ~ 30 cm plant spacing and 50 ~ 80 cm row spacing for cutting, and then irrigates at one time.
② sowing method
Sowing can be broadcast, on-demand, drilling, etc. The planting density depends on the needs of modeling. The author often uses furrow sowing, furrowing at the edge of seedbed according to the row spacing of 60 ~ 80 cm, furrow depth of 3 ~ 5 cm, sowing at the spacing of 10 ~ 20 cm, covering soil, harrowing and gently compacting. Cover with a thin layer of straw, wheat straw or broken straw.
③ seedbed management
Conditional can _ use plastic film mulching, transverse arch film, double film mulching and other methods for cutting and sowing propagation. Can also be covered with plastic film alone, or transverse arch film. It can also be propagated by cutting or sowing in greenhouse. A few families can breed in pots, or breed in pots. You can also use nutrition plates, cups, bags, bowls, paper cups, grass bowls and other containers for cutting or sowing seedlings. Conditions can be used in summer and autumn with full sunshine spray cutting propagation. If properly managed, the survival rate can reach more than 95%.
After sowing, water in time to keep the border soil dry and wet; After cutting, often water and spray foliar water to keep the seedbed soil moist and free of water. In summer, a shed should be built to block 70% ~ 90% sunlight and keep enough scattered light. Pay attention to weeding in time, and pay attention to drainage and flood control in rainy season; When the weather is dry, it can be watered by irrigation and drainage. After cutting for 3-4 months or sowing for 4-5 months, according to the growth of seedlings, topdressing is carried out for the first time, with 5-7.5 kilograms of urea per mu, diluted with water to form dilute liquid fertilizer, and then fertilized 3-4 times a month. Pay attention to heat preservation and antifreeze in winter. 1~2 years later, according to the needs of modeling, interplanting, transplanting and processing modeling will be carried out many times in time.
④ Seedling modeling
The seedlings of Buxus macrophylla by cutting or sowing should be roughly tied and finely sheared. When the seedling height is 50 ~ 60 cm, pruning and climbing are started; Cut off the middle and lower branches and leaves of the seedlings and bend down to climb the seedlings; When the stump meets the modeling requirements, it will be stripped and truncated according to the height required for modeling, and then the upper branches and leaves will be simply pulled out and finely trimmed for modeling. After basic molding, the stump can be dug out and transplanted into the basin.
It takes more than 8 years for Buxus macrophylla to grow into a vigorous and quaint stump bonsai. Therefore, in addition to breeding and seedling raising, the source of stumps can also be purchased in the market or excavated in Shan Ye.
2. Market purchase
Choose Euonymus japonicus stump with fresh skin color, fresh incision, old bent trunk, intact taproot, lateral root and fibrous root, and slightly earthy flavor.
3. Shan Ye excavation
① Wild distribution
Buxus macrophylla is rich in wild resources, distributed in most provinces and regions in the north and south of China, such as Taiwan Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Tianjin and other provinces and regions, and often grows in shrubs such as valleys and hills.
② Time and method of excavation.
Buxus macrophylla can be used to make bonsai. In Shan Ye, from the autumn of defoliation to the next spring before germination (the best time to dig piles is before spring germination), the stumps of Buxus macrophylla with short piles, strange pile types and ancient branches are cultivated and processed. _ Before digging, clear the weeds and trees around the stump, then trim the upper part of the stump and cut off most branches and leaves. When digging, dig around the stump, cut off the lateral roots, shake while digging, cut off the main roots, remove most of the soil, spray water in time and soak the roots in the mud, and wrap the straw, straw rope, moss, cloth, etc. Moisturizing, fashion basket or bag.
Step 4: Raise the blank.
Euonymus pile blanks should be planted in time after being shipped back. You can use a part in place and put it directly into the basin to model the blank; It can also be used to plant green bodies in situ for processing and modeling, and then transplanted into pots. For better old boxwood piles, it is suggested to plant them on the spot first. When a large number of stumps are returned, they should be buried with wet sand and kept moist.
Planting and management of piles
Before planting, the roots and branches of the stump should be trimmed once, and the roots and branches should be selected according to the original posture and modeling needs of the stump, and the excessively long roots and useless branches should be cut off. After the wound is trimmed and leveled, it should be coated with white latex, the stump should be wrapped with plastic wrap, and the roots should be dipped in mud before planting. Pay attention to watering and spraying foliar water after planting to keep the soil slightly wet and not waterlogged. Attention should be paid to shading 70% ~ 90% in summer and autumn to keep enough scattered light, and arch film should be paid to keep warm and prevent freezing in winter and spring. After planting, the downhill piles were not fertilized in the same year, and topdressing began after germination in the following spring. Watering dilute and decomposed organic fertilizer water 3-4 times a month, and sprinkling cake fertilizer crumbs once in early winter as overwintering fertilizer. In late spring, late summer and late autumn, climb, pull branches and trim shapes.
Second, modeling.
Buxus macrophylla can be processed and shaped by combining cutting and binding, or it can be completely pruned by Lingnan bonsai (that is, the method of "saving branches and cutting stems").
Buxus macrophylla is usually formed by climbing after defoliation in autumn and before germination in spring. When climbing, you should use brown silk, brown rope, ramie silk or packing tape, and you can also use wire with appropriate thickness such as iron wire, copper wire and lead wire to climb. But be careful when operating, so as not to cause branches to break due to improper operation. When modeling, cut off unnecessary branches first, and then climb up and trim the remaining branches.
Buxus macrophylla is mostly made into small miniature bonsai, and tree-shaped bonsai can be processed into natural, inclined, curved, vertical, rooted and cliff-shaped bonsai. Climbing and pruning branches and leaves into natural shapes, clouds or semicircles; In ancient times, the bonsai of Euonymus japonicus stump was mostly made into a graceful posture of hanging roots and bending dry.
3. Transplant into a flowerpot
1. Basin loading time
Buxus macrophylla can be transplanted into pots after defoliation in autumn and before germination in the following spring. Autumn transplanting leaves of 9- 10 are the best, before spring germination in March-April, and in mild cold to severe cold season.
Choose a flowerpot
Choose purple sand pottery basin or glazed tile pottery basin, or choose stone cutting basin; The color of the basin can be light yellow, purple, blue, taupe, etc. It is not suitable to use dark green or red pots, because they are almost the same color as leaves and fruits, and the contrast is not good. The types of pots depend on the modeling and decoration needs of stumps. Round and square pots are more common, and hexagonal and octagonal pots are also available, or lotus-shaped, waist-shaped, drum-shaped, square and oval pots.
Use soil
Buxus macrophylla has strong adaptability and lax requirements on soil, and can grow in neutral, slightly acidic and calcareous soil. The soil used for bonsai is loose and fertile, rich in humus, and slightly acidic sandy soil with good drainage and air permeability, including humus soil, peat soil, 4 parts of pastoral soil, loose topsoil under mountains, river mud and pond mud, and 2 parts of river sand, cinder and sand, which can be composted.
4. Tank loading and handling
Upstream basin pretreatment
Before putting it into the pot, remove most of the soil at the root of the stump, select and trim the roots according to the needs of ornamental modeling and the size of the pot, cut off the roots that are too long, too large and unnecessary, then shape and support the stump, fill it with culture soil, compact it and water it once.
Upper basin method
Put the pot on, a layer of gravel, tiles, pot pieces, coarse sand, etc. Spread it at the bottom of the pot and put a few animal bones and hoof horns as base fertilizer; For the bonsai of Ilex cornuta, you need to take root or expose roots, and you can do it when you are in the pot.
Post-basin management
Trim the upper branches and leaves once after cooking. The potted Euonymus fortunei bonsai should be maintained indoors or in a shade shed for 2-3 weeks, and then gradually moved to a semi-shady and semi-sunny place for maintenance and management. Pay attention to keep the basin soil slightly wet and not waterlogged, and often spray foliar water; After half a year, dilute and decomposed organic fertilizer water is poured, 3 ~ 4 times a month, combined with watering.
Fourth, maintenance management.
1 environment
Euonymus likes light and is slightly resistant to shade; Like humidity, but also resistant to drought; Like to keep warm, but also relatively cold-resistant. Euonymus fortunei bonsai should be kept in a sunny and well-ventilated place during the growing season; In summer, it is necessary to shade about 60% ~ 80% and keep enough scattered light, or move it to a shade shed or forest shade for maintenance, or put it on a balcony or windowsill facing east and south for maintenance; In the provinces and regions south of the Yangtze River basin, you can spend the winter in the open air, and it is best to bury the basin in the soil (or bury the basin with wet sand) where the leeward is sunny. Northern cold provinces should move indoors or in greenhouses for winter, and pay attention to timely ventilation.
water
Euonymus fortunei bonsai should be watered in time during the growing season, and the soil should be kept dry and wet. The principle is that the soil should be watered thoroughly before it is dry. Generally, water is poured every day or every 1 ~ 2 days after germination in spring and autumn, depending on the wet and dry conditions of the basin soil; Water once in the morning and once in the evening in summer, and often spray fog on the leaves; Pay attention to inspection in rainy season to prevent water accumulation in the basin, and it is best not to let it get wet; Water less in winter, rather dry than wet, and keep the basin soil moist and slightly dry. Water should be poured thoroughly at one time, and half water should be avoided.
Step 3 apply fertilizer
In the growing season, dilute liquid fertilizer can be applied 3-4 times a month, and appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate or 0.5%-0.8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be added to the decomposed cake. 0.3% ~ 0.5% aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was applied every 10 ~ 15 days in the flower and fruit period, and 0.0.1%~ 0.2% aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves every 7 ~ 10 days. Before overwintering in winter, apply cake crumbs as base fertilizer.
Step 4 turn the washbasin over
Euonymus fortunei bonsai is turned over every 2-3 years, usually before germination in spring or after defoliation in late autumn. Two-thirds to three-quarters of the old soil is changed into soil, combined with turning pots, and the roots are trimmed at one time, and the dead roots and rotten roots are cut off. The long roots are shortened and the fine roots are thinned. Stewed animal bones and hoof horns are applied to the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer.
prune
Euonymus Euonymus has strong germination ability and is very resistant to pruning. For landscape works, unnecessary long branches, sprouting branches, redundant buds and long branches can be cut off at ordinary times to keep the appearance beautiful. For stumps that need to be processed and reshaped, certain branches can be reserved as needed to facilitate climbing and reshaping. Generally, pruning and shaping are carried out at the end of spring, summer and autumn.
6, pest control
1. Disease
The main disease of Euonymus fortunei bonsai is root rot, so cultivation management should be strengthened at ordinary times to avoid waterlogging or water accumulation in potted soil caused by excessive watering for a long time. After the potted soil is hardened, loosen the soil in time, then water or fertilize it, and pay attention to the ventilation and light of the environment. No topdressing in hot weather, no liquid fertilizer in winter, no watering in summer and autumn afternoon and no rain in rainy season. Use 12% green milk at the early stage of onset. In severe cases, if necessary, turn over the pot to change the soil, rinse the soil at the root with clear water, cut off the rotten roots, then soak the roots with the above liquid medicine for 20-30 minutes, and then replant them with new culture soil.
2. Pests
The main pest of Euonymus japonicus bonsai is scale insects, which can be sprayed with 40% quick-killing EC 1500 ~ 2000 times; Ectropis obliqua can be sprayed with 600 ~ 800 times of 48% Lesburn EC. Scarabs can install frequency vibration insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adults.